MaxCompute Lightning是MaxCompute產品的交互式查詢服務，支持以PostgreSQL協議及語法連接訪問Maxcompute項目，讓您使用熟悉的工具以標準 SQL查詢分析MaxCompute項目中的數據，快速獲取查詢結果。
很多開發者希望利用Lightning的特性來開發數據應用，本文將結合示例來介紹Java和Python如何連接訪問Lightning進行應用開發(參考時需要替換為您項目所在region的Endpoint及用戶認證信息)。
一、Java使用JDBC訪問Lightning
示例如下：

import java.sql.*;public class Main {private static Connection connection;public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {String url = "jdbc:postgresql://lightning.cn-shanghai.maxcompute.aliyun.com:443/your_project_name?prepareThreshold=0&sslmode=require";String accessId = "<your_maxcompute_access_id>";String accessKey = "<your_maxcompute_access_key>";String sql = "select * from dual";try {Connection conn = getCon(url, accessId, accessKey);Statement st = conn.createStatement();System.out.println("Send Lightning query");ResultSet rs = st.executeQuery(sql);while (rs.next()) {System.out.println(rs.getString(1)+ "\t");}System.out.println("End Lightning query");conn.close();} catch (SQLException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}public static Connection getCon(String lightningsHost, String lightningUser, String lightningPwd) {try {if (connection == null || connection.isClosed()) {try {Class.forName("org.postgresql.Driver").newInstance();DriverManager.setLoginTimeout(1);connection = DriverManager.getConnection(lightningsHost, lightningUser, lightningPwd);} catch (Exception ex) {ex.printStackTrace();}}} catch (Exception ex) {ex.printStackTrace();}return connection;} }復制代碼

二、Java使用druid訪問Lightning
1.pom依賴

<dependency><groupId>com.alibaba</groupId><artifactId>druid</artifactId><version>1.0.23</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.postgresql</groupId><artifactId>postgresql</artifactId><version>9.3-1101-jdbc4</version></dependency> 復制代碼

2.spring配置

<bean id="LightningDataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource" init-method="init" destroy-method="close"><property name="url" value="jdbc:postgresql://lightning.cn-shanghai.maxcompute.aliyun.com:443/project_name?prepareThreshold=0&sslmode=require”/> <!--替換成自己project所在region的Endpoint—><property name="username" value=“訪問用戶的Access Key ID"/><property name="password" value="訪問用戶的Access Key Secret"/><property name="driverClassName" value="org.postgresql.Driver"/><property name="dbType" value="postgresql"/><property name="initialSize" value="1" /> <property name="minIdle" value="1" /><property name="maxActive" value="5" /> <!—Lightning服務每個project的連接數限制20，所以不要配置過大，按需配置，否則容易出現query_wait_timeout錯誤 --><!--以下兩個配置，檢測連接有效性，修復偶爾出現create connection holder error錯誤 --><property name="testWhileIdle" value="true" /><property name="validationQuery" value="SELECT 1" /></bean><bean class="com.xxx.xxx.LightningProvider"><property name="druidDataSource" ref="LightningDataSource"/></bean>復制代碼

3.代碼訪問

public class LightningProvider {DruidDataSource druidDataSource;/*** 執行sql* @param sql* @return* @throws Exception*/public void execute(String sql) throws SQLException {DruidPooledConnection connection = null ;Statement st = null;try{connection = druidDataSource.getConnection();st = connection.createStatement();ResultSet resultSet = st.executeQuery(sql);//對返回值的解析和處理的代碼//按行處理，每行的數據放到一個map中ResultSetMetaData metaData = resultSet.getMetaData();int columnCount = metaData.getColumnCount();List<LinkedHashMap> rows = Lists.newArrayList();while(resultSet.next()){LinkedHashMap map = Maps.newLinkedHashMap();for(int i=1;i<=columnCount;i++){String label = resultSet.getMetaData().getColumnLabel(i);map.put(label,resultSet.getString(i));}rows.add(map);} }catch (Exception e){e.printStackTrace();}finally {try {if(st!=null) {st.close();}} catch (SQLException e) {e.printStackTrace();}try {if(connection!=null) {connection.close();}} catch (SQLException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}} }復制代碼

三、Python使用pyscopg2訪問Lightning
示例如下：

#!/usr/bin/env python # coding=utf-8import psycopg2 import sysdef query_lightning(lightning_conf, sql):"""Query data through Lightning by sqlArgs:lightning_conf: a map contains settings of 'dbname', 'user', 'password', 'host', 'port'sql: query submit to LightningReturns:result: the query result in format of list of rows"""result = Noneconn = Noneconn_str = Nonetry:conn_str = ("dbname={dbname} ""user={user} ""password={password} ""host={host} ""port={port}").format(**lightning_conf)except Exception, e:print >> sys.stderr, ("Invalid Lightning' configuration ""{}".format(e))sys.exit(1)try:conn = psycopg2.connect(conn_str)conn.set_session(autocommit=True) # This will disable transaction# started with keyword BEGIN,# which is currently not# supported by Lightning’ public servicecur = conn.cursor()# execute Lightning' querycur.execute(sql)# get resultresult = cur.fetchall()except Exception, e:print >> sys.stderr, ("Failed to query data through ""Lightning: {}".format(e))finally:if conn:conn.close()return resultif __name__ == "__main__":# step1. setup configurationlightning_conf = {"dbname": “your_project_name”,"user": "<your_maxcompute_access_id>", "password": "<your_maxcompute_access_key>", "host": "lightning.cn-shanghai.maxcompute.aliyun.com", #your region lightning endpoint"port": 443}# step2. issue a queryresult = query_lightning(lightning_conf, "select * from test”)# step3. print resultif result:for i in xrange(0, len(result)):print "Got %d row from Lightning:%s" % (i + 1, result[i])復制代碼

四、Python使用ODBC訪問Lightning
您需要現在電腦上安裝并和配置odbc驅動。代碼示例如下：

import pyodbc conn_str = ("DRIVER={PostgreSQL Unicode};""DATABASE=your_project_name;""UID=your_maxcompute_access_id;""PWD=your_maxcompute_access_key;""SERVER=lightning.cn-shanghai.maxcompute.aliyun.com;" #your region lightning endpoint"PORT=443;") conn = pyodbc.connect(conn_str) crsr = conn.execute("SELECT * from test”) row = crsr.fetchone() print(row) crsr.close() conn.close()復制代碼

由于Lightning提供了PostgreSQL兼容的接口，您可以像開發PostgreSQL的應用一樣開發Lightning應用程序。

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