论文写作葵花宝典
作者：小鹿鹿鹿
論文寫作套路
老板說：寫論文是有套路的
老板說：introduction寫好了，論文就成功了一半
老板說：你的motivation是什么，contribution又是啥？
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小夕說：寫論文的301天，每日三省吾身
我的motivation是什么？
我的contribution是什么？
在introduction中表述清楚我的motivation和contribution了嗎？
所以說：Introduction的重要性不言而喻，作為論文的第一印象，很大程度上決定了審稿人閱讀這篇paper時的心情。
話不多說，直接上！干！貨！來看看introduction的寫作套路叭。
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首先開篇表明文章研究的問題是什么，闡明這個問題的重要性。
簡述過去的工作，這里可以是比較寬泛的介紹，比如分了什么流派呀，主干方法是什么呀。（話鋒一轉）雖然過去的工作做的非常好，但是還存在哪些哪些問題，這些都非常的challenge。突出問題的難度。
針對某某問題，我們是怎么做的，為什么要這么做，這么做的好處是什么，進一步闡明motivation。
前面曉之以理，動之以情，現在可以把實驗結果狠狠的砸向審稿人啦！清晰的寫明論文取得的效果，分點闡述本篇文章的contribution。contribution一般兩點到三點就ok，如果有某一點的貢獻非常突出，有兩點就非常充分啦~~
<end>終于梳理完了文中最重要的部分[]~(￣▽￣)~*
論文寫作的葵花寶典
路人甲：小夕小夕，雖然我都清楚自己要寫什么了（in mind），但是我的英語{{{(>_<)}}}
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不慌不慌！學術英語寫作跟中學英語作文還是差別很大的，剛開始寫paper很容易寫成夕小瑤風格，甚至可能插一個可愛的小姐姐進去╮(￣▽￣"")╭
不用擔心！小夕把秘藏已久的論文寫作葵花寶典獻上～
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Academic Phrasebank
(http://www.phrasebank.manchester.ac.uk/)
對于寫作新手來說就是一個神器，按類目收集了很多論文中的常用表達。
?適用于Introduction
當我們需要表達我們研究的問題多么多么重要的時候，可以這么寫：
X is fundamental to?...
X has a pivotal role in …
X is frequently prescribed for …
X is fast becoming a key instrument in …
X plays a vital role in the metabolism of …
Xs have emerged as powerful platforms for …
X is essential for a wide range of technologies.
X can play an important role in addressing the issue of …
Xs are the most potent anti-inflammatory agents known.
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闡述過去的工作時候，可以這么寫：
Recent evidence suggests that …
Extensive research has shown that …
Studies of X show the importance of …
It has previously been observed that …
Several attempts have been made to …
Previous research has established that …
Previous research comparing X and Y has found …
The existing body of research on X suggests that …
There is a growing body of literature that recognises …
Existing research recognises the critical role played by …
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過去的工作存在哪些問題，可以這么寫：
Previous studies of X have not dealt with …
Researchers have not treated X in much detail.
Such expositions are unsatisfactory because they …
Most studies in the field of X have only focused on …
Such approaches, however, have failed to address …
Previous published studies are limited to local surveys.
Half of the studies evaluated failed to specify whether …
The research to date has tended to focus on X rather than Y.
Previously published studies on the effect of X are not consistent.
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闡述文章motivation時，可以這么寫：
The specific objective of this study was to …
An objective of this study was to investigate …
This thesis will examine the way in which the …
This study set out to investigate the usefulness of …
This dissertation seeks to explain the development of …
This prospective study was designed to investigate the use of …
This thesis intends to determine the extent to which … and whether …
This dissertation aims to unravel some of the mysteries surrounding …
Drawing upon two strands of research into X, this study attempts to …
This study therefore set out to assess the effect of X …, and the effect of …
There are two primary aims of this study: 1. To investigate … 2. To ascertain …
One purpose of this study was to assess the extent to which these factors were …
簡單闡明工作怎么做的時候，可以這么說：
Five works will be examined, all of which …
This study was exploratory and interpretative in nature.
This study uses a qualitative case study approach to investigate …
Qualitative and quantitative research designs were adopted to provide …
A holistic approach is utilised, integrating X, Y and Z material to establish …
The study was conducted in the form of a survey, with data being gathered via …
The methodological approach taken in this study is a mixed methodology based on …
A combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches was used in the data analysis.
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自己的實驗結果和貢獻，可以這么夸：
This is the first study to …
This study provides new insights into …
This work will generate fresh insight into …
The study offers some important insights into …
Understanding the link between X and Y will help …
The importance and originality of this study?are that it explores …
The findings should make an important contribution to the field of ….
Characterisation of X is important for our increased understanding of …
This project provided an important opportunity to advance the understanding of …
There are several important areas where this study makes an original contribution to …
The experimental work presented here provides one of the first investigations into how …
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適用于Related Work
開頭總述研究問題，可以這么引入：
Research into X has a long history.
For many years, this phenomenon was surprisingly neglected by …
Only in the past ten years have studies of X directly addressed how …
Prior to the work of Smith (1983), the role of X was largely unknown.
Over the past decade, most research in X has emphasized the use of …
In recent years, there has been an increasing amount of literature on …
Early examples of research into X include … (Smith, 1962; Jones, 1974).
During the past 30 years, much more information has become available on …
The first serious discussions and analyses of X emerged during the 1970s with …
Over the past two decades, major advances in molecular biology have allowed …
Historically, research investigating the factors associated with X has focused on …
?過去的研究是怎么做的，可以這么介紹：
Most research on X has been carried out in …
Most researchers investigating X have utilised …
Using this approach, researchers have been able to …
Several systematic reviews of X have been undertaken.
The vast majority of studies on X have been quantitative.
What we know about X is largely based on observational studies.
There are a number of large cross-pal studies which suggest …
Much of the previous research on X has been exploratory in nature.
Much of the X research has focused on identifying and evaluating the …
What we know about X is largely based upon empirical studies that investigate how …
Publications that concentrate on X more frequently adopt a historical or chronological approach …
過去的工作取得了哪些結果或者進展，可以這么寫：
Several lines of evidence suggest that …
Previous research has established that …
Data from several studies suggest that …
It is now well established from a variety of studies that …
A number of studies have postulated a convergence between …
Surveys such as that conducted by Smith (1988) have shown that …
Many recent studies (e.g. Smith, 2001; Jones, 2005) have shown that …
Traditionally, it has been argued that … (e.g. Smith, 1960; Jones, 1972).
Several biographies of Brown have been published. Smith (2013) presents …
In previous studies on X, different variables have been found to be related to …
對過去工作的總結，可以這么說：
Together, these studies indicate that …
Overall, these studies highlight the need for …
Considering all of this evidence, it seems that …
Collectively, these studies outline a critical role for…
In all the studies reviewed here, X is recognised as …
The evidence presented in this p suggests that …
The studies presented thus far provide evidence that …
Taken together, these studies support the notion that …
Overall, there seems to be some evidence to indicate that …
Together these studies provide important insights into the …
All of the studies reviewed here support the hypothesis that …
Two important themes emerge from the studies discussed so far:
However, such studies remain narrow in focus dealing only with …
The evidence reviewed here seems to suggest a pertinent role for …
These studies clearly indicate that there is a relationship between …
In view of all that has been mentioned so far, one may suppose that …
There remain several aspects of X about which relatively little is known.
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適用于Experiment
描述圖表中的實驗結果，可以這么說：
What stands out in the table is …
Closer inspection of the table shows …
It is apparent from this table that very few …
The most interesting aspect of this graph is …
In Fig.10 there is a clear trend of decreasing …
What is interesting about the data in this table is that …
The differences between X and Y are highlighted in Table 4.
From the chart, it can be seen that by far the greatest demand is for …
This table is quite revealing in several ways. First, unlike the other tables …
From the data in Figure 9, it is apparent that the length of time left between …
Data from this table can be compared with the data in Table 4.6 which shows …
As Table III shows, there is a significant difference (t = -2.15, p = 0.03) between the two groups.
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正向的實驗結果，可以這么說：
Further analysis showed that …
Further statistical tests revealed …
On average, Xs were shown to have …
Strong evidence of X was found when …
This result is significant at the p = 0.05 level.
The results, as shown in Table 1, indicate that …
A positive correlation was found between X and Y.
There was a significant positive correlation between …
The difference between the X and Y groups was significant.
There was a significant difference in X, t(11) = 2.906, p<0.01
There was a significant difference between the two conditions …
Respondents who reported low levels of X also reported significantly lower levels of Y.
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負向的實驗結果，可以這么來：
No increase in X was detected.
No difference greater than X was observed.
No significant differences were found between …
None of these differences were statistically significant.
No significant difference between the two groups was evident.
X appeared to be unaffected by Y.
Only trace amounts of X were detected in …
There was no evidence that X has an influence on …
A clear benefit of X in the prevention of Y could not be identified in this analysis.
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對實驗結果的總結，可以這樣子：
These results suggest that …
Overall, these results indicate that …
In summary, these results show that …
In summary, for the informants in this study, …
Together these results provide important insights into …
Taken together, these results suggest that there is an association between …
The results in this chapter indicate that … The next chapter, therefore, moves on to discuss the …
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適用于Conclusion
復述論文的motivation，可以這么說：
This study set out to …
This paper has argued that …
This essay has discussed the reasons for …
In this investigation, the aim was to assess …
The aim of the present research was to examine …
The purpose of the current study was to determine …
The main goal of the current study was to determine …
This project was undertaken to design … and evaluate …
The present study was designed to determine the effect of …
The second aim of this study was to investigate the effects of …
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總結文章的結果或者結論，可以這么說：
This study has identified …
This study has shown that …
The research has also shown that …
The second major finding was that …
These experiments confirmed that …
This study has found that generally …
The investigation of X has shown that …
The results of this investigation show that …
The most obvious finding to emerge from this study is that …
The relevance of X is clearly supported by the current findings.
One of the more significant findings to emerge from this study is that …
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強調contribution，可以這么來：
The findings will be of interest to …
This thesis has provided a deeper insight into …
The study contributes to our understanding of …
These results add to the rapidly expanding field of …
This project is the first comprehensive investigation of …
The insights gained from this study may be of assistance to …
This paper contributes to recent historiographical debates concerning …
This approach will prove useful in expanding our understanding of how …
The findings from this study make several contributions to the current literature. First,…
These findings contribute in several ways to our understanding of X and provide a basis for …
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簡單說一下工作的不足（不用太過于謙虛哦）：
A limitation of this study is that …
Being limited to X, this study lacks …
The major limitation of this study is the …
This study was limited by the absence of …
X makes these findings less generalisable to …
The scope of this study was limited in terms of …
An issue that was not addressed in this study was whether…
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暢想future work，可以這么寫：
The question raised by this study is …
The study should be repeated using …
This would be a fruitful area for further work.
Several questions still remain to be answered.
More broadly, research is also needed to determine …
A further study could assess the long-term effects of …
The precise mechanism of X in insects remains to be elucidated.
These findings provide the following insights for future research: …
The issue of X is an intriguing one which could be usefully explored in further research.
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哦啦，所謂授之以魚不如授之以漁，小夕只能幫你到這里啦～fighting！！
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