SpringBoot能夠很簡單的創建一個直接運行的單體Spring應用

特性：

• 單體Spring應用
• 內置的tomcat、Jetty
• 提供默認的starter來構建配置
• 自動配置Spring和第三方庫

推薦一個很好的學習教程，https://blog.csdn.net/u010486495/article/details/79348302

1 構建hello world工程

MAVEN構建

• pom.xml

parent、starter、test、web

<parent><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId><version>2.0.4.RELEASE</version><relativePath /> <!-- lookup parent from repository --></parent><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId><scope>test</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></dependency></dependencies>

構建一個簡單的hello world工程就遇到了兩個坑，第一個springboot只會掃描啟動類所在包的類和子包的類；

第二個是寫測試類的時候發現@SpringApplicationConfiguration這個注解已經被取消掉了，使用@SpringBootTest這個注解

• 屬性文件

在src/main/resources目錄創建一個application.properties

• 定義Controller

package com.didispace.web;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;@RestController public class HelloController {@RequestMapping("/hello")public String index() {return "Hello World";}}

• 啟動類

package com.didispace;import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;@SpringBootApplication public class Chapter1Application {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(Chapter1Application.class, args);} }

• 測試

package com.didispace;import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.equalTo; import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.content; import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.status;import org.junit.Before; import org.junit.Test; import org.junit.runner.RunWith; import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest; import org.springframework.http.MediaType; import org.springframework.mock.web.MockServletContext; import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner; import org.springframework.test.context.web.WebAppConfiguration; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;import com.didispace.web.HelloController;@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @SpringBootTest(classes = MockServletContext.class) @WebAppConfiguration public class Chapter1ApplicationTests {private MockMvc mvc;@Beforepublic void setUp() throws Exception {mvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(new HelloController()).build();}@Testpublic void getHello() throws Exception {mvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/hello").accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)).andExpect(status().isOk()).andExpect(content().string(equalTo("Hello World")));System.out.println("OK");}}

2 屬性、隨機數、多環境配置

屬性文件application.properties

在application.properties中定義隨機數：net.csdn.chapter1.number=${random.int}

多環境配置：在application.properties中定義spring.profiles.active=prod，那么會加載application-prod.properties文件中配置的屬性

3 創建一套簡單的restfulapi，單元測試

• User.java

package cc.bean;public class User {private Long id;private String name;private Integer age;public Long getId() {return id;}public void setId(Long id) {this.id = id;}public String getName() {return name;}public void setName(String name) {this.name = name;}public Integer getAge() {return age;}public void setAge(Integer age) {this.age = age;}}

• UserController.java

package cc.controller;import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Collections; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ModelAttribute; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;import cc.bean.User;@RestController @RequestMapping(path="/users") public class UserController {static Map<Long,User> userMap = Collections.synchronizedMap(new HashMap<Long,User>());@RequestMapping(path="/",method=RequestMethod.GET)public List<User> getUserList(){List<User> userList = new ArrayList<User>(userMap.values());return userList;}@RequestMapping(path="/",method=RequestMethod.POST)public String addUser(@ModelAttribute User user){userMap.put(user.getId(), user);return "success";}@RequestMapping(path="/{id}",method=RequestMethod.GET)public User getUser(@PathVariable Long id){return userMap.get(id);}@RequestMapping(path="/{id}",method=RequestMethod.PUT)public String addUser(@PathVariable Long id,@ModelAttribute User user){User u = userMap.get(user.getId());u.setName(user.getName());u.setAge(user.getAge());userMap.put(u.getId(), u);return "success";}@RequestMapping(path="/{id}",method=RequestMethod.DELETE)public String delUser(@PathVariable Long id){userMap.remove(id);return "success";}}

• UserControllerTest.java

import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.equalTo; import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.delete; import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.get; import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.post; import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.put; import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.content; import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.status; import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultHandlers.print;import org.junit.Before; import org.junit.Test; import org.junit.runner.RunWith; import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest; import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner; import org.springframework.test.context.web.WebAppConfiguration; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.RequestBuilder; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;import cc.Chapter2Application; import cc.controller.UserController;@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @SpringBootTest(classes = Chapter2Application.class) @WebAppConfiguration public class UserControllerTest {private MockMvc mvc;@Beforepublic void setUp() {mvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(new UserController()).build();}@Testpublic void testUserController() throws Exception { // 測試UserControllerRequestBuilder request = null;// 1、get查一下user列表，應該為空request = get("/users/");mvc.perform(request).andExpect(status().isOk()).andExpect(content().string(equalTo("[]")));// 2、post提交一個userrequest = post("/users/").param("id", "1").param("name", "測試大師").param("age", "20");mvc.perform(request) // .andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print()).andExpect(content().string(equalTo("success")));// 3、get獲取user列表，應該有剛才插入的數據request = get("/users/");mvc.perform(request).andExpect(status().isOk()).andExpect(content().string(equalTo("[{\"id\":1,\"name\":\"測試大師\",\"age\":20}]")));// 4、put修改id為1的userrequest = put("/users/1").param("name", "測試終極大師").param("age", "30");mvc.perform(request).andExpect(content().string(equalTo("success")));// 5、get一個id為1的userrequest = get("/users/1");mvc.perform(request).andExpect(content().string(equalTo("{\"id\":1,\"name\":\"測試終極大師\",\"age\":30}")));// 6、del刪除id為1的userrequest = delete("/users/1");mvc.perform(request).andExpect(content().string(equalTo("success")));// 7、get查一下user列表，應該為空request = get("/users/");mvc.perform(request).andExpect(status().isOk()).andExpect(content().string(equalTo("[]")));} }

除了可以用JUNIT做單元測試外，還可以用火狐瀏覽器Rested Client插件發送http請求。

4?springboot-mybatis簡單整合

• pom.xml

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><groupId>springboot</groupId><artifactId>springboot-mybatis</artifactId><version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version><description>springboot-mybatis整合</description><!-- Spring Boot 啟動父依賴 --><parent><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId><version>1.5.1.RELEASE</version></parent><dependencies><!-- Spring Boot Web 依賴 --><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></dependency><!-- Spring Boot Test 依賴 --><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId><scope>test</scope></dependency><!-- 熱交換 --><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId><optional>true</optional></dependency><!-- Spring Boot Mybatis 依賴 --><dependency><groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId><artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId><version>1.2.0</version></dependency><!-- MySQL 連接驅動依賴 --><dependency><groupId>mysql</groupId><artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId></dependency></dependencies> </project>

• application.properties

## 數據源配置 spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/springbootdb?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8 spring.datasource.username=root spring.datasource.password=a123 spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver## Mybatis 配置 mybatis.typeAliasesPackage=org.spring.springboot.domain mybatis.mapperLocations=classpath:mapper/*.xml

• CityMapper.xml

mybatis映射文件，在src\main\resources\mapper目錄創建一個CityMapper.xml文件

使用逆向工程生成代碼

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd" > <mapper namespace="org.spring.springboot.dao.CityDao"><resultMap id="BaseResultMap" type="org.spring.springboot.domain.City"><result column="id" property="id" /><result column="province_id" property="provinceId" /><result column="city_name" property="cityName" /><result column="description" property="description" /></resultMap><parameterMap id="City" type="org.spring.springboot.domain.City"/><sql id="Base_Column_List">id, province_id, city_name, description</sql><select id="findByName" resultMap="BaseResultMap" parameterType="java.lang.String">select<include refid="Base_Column_List" />from citywhere city_name like '%${cityName}%'</select></mapper>

• entity、dao、service、controller

package org.spring.springboot.domain;/*** 城市實體類**/ public class City {/*** 城市編號*/private Long id;/*** 省份編號*/private Long provinceId;/*** 城市名稱*/private String cityName;/*** 描述*/private String description;public Long getId() {return id;}public void setId(Long id) {this.id = id;}public Long getProvinceId() {return provinceId;}public void setProvinceId(Long provinceId) {this.provinceId = provinceId;}public String getCityName() {return cityName;}public void setCityName(String cityName) {this.cityName = cityName;}public String getDescription() {return description;}public void setDescription(String description) {this.description = description;} } package org.spring.springboot.dao;import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param; import org.spring.springboot.domain.City;/*** 城市 DAO 接口類**/ public interface CityDao {/*** 根據城市名稱，查詢城市信息** @param cityName 城市名*/City findByName(@Param("cityName") String cityName); } package org.spring.springboot.service;import org.spring.springboot.domain.City;/*** 城市業務邏輯接口類**/ public interface CityService {/*** 根據城市名稱，查詢城市信息* @param cityName*/City findCityByName(String cityName); } package org.spring.springboot.service.impl;import org.spring.springboot.dao.CityDao; import org.spring.springboot.domain.City; import org.spring.springboot.service.CityService; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;/*** 城市業務邏輯實現類**/ @Service public class CityServiceImpl implements CityService {@Autowiredprivate CityDao cityDao;public City findCityByName(String cityName) {return cityDao.findByName(cityName);}} package org.spring.springboot.controller;import org.spring.springboot.domain.City; import org.spring.springboot.service.CityService; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;@RestController public class CityRestController {@Autowiredprivate CityService cityService;@RequestMapping(path="/api/city",method=RequestMethod.GET)public City findCityByName(@RequestParam(value="cityName",required=true) String cityName){return cityService.findCityByName(cityName);}@RequestMapping(path="/test/hotswapp")public String testHotSwapping(){return "測試熱交換";}}

• 啟動類

package org.spring.springboot;import org.mybatis.spring.annotation.MapperScan; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;@SpringBootApplication @MapperScan("org.spring.springboot.dao") public class Application {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);} }

• db

/* Navicat MySQL Data TransferSource Server : 本地實例 Source Server Version : 50528 Source Host : localhost:3306 Source Database : springbootdbTarget Server Type : MYSQL Target Server Version : 50528 File Encoding : 65001Date: 2020-08-08 10:51:48 */SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0;-- ---------------------------- -- Table structure for city -- ---------------------------- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `city`; CREATE TABLE `city` (`id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '城市編號',`province_id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL COMMENT '省份編號',`city_name` varchar(25) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '城市名稱',`description` varchar(25) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '描述',PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=2 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;-- ---------------------------- -- Records of city -- ---------------------------- INSERT INTO `city` VALUES ('1', '1', '郭如飛的家', '郭如飛的家在武漢。');

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問題總結

• application.properties屬性文件中文亂碼問題，點擊這里，親測可用。

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