一、前言

　　最近做了電子發(fā)票的需求，分省開票接口和發(fā)票下載接口都有一定的延遲。為了完成開票后自動將發(fā)票插入用戶微信卡包，目前的解決方案是利用線程池，將開票后插入卡包的任務(wù)（輪詢分省發(fā)票接口，直到獲取到發(fā)票相關(guān)信息或者輪詢次數(shù)用完，如果獲取到發(fā)票信息，執(zhí)行發(fā)票插入微信卡包，結(jié)束任務(wù)）放入線程池異步執(zhí)行。仔細想一想，這種實現(xiàn)方案存在一個問題，線程池沒有充分的利用。為什么沒有充分的利用？下面詳細的分析。

二、異步線程池和異步任務(wù)包裝

　　AsyncConfigurerSupport可以幫我們指定異步任務(wù)（注有@Async注解）對應(yīng)的線程池。

@Configuration public class MyAsyncConfigurer extends AsyncConfigurerSupport {private static Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MyAsyncConfigurer.class);@Overridepublic Executor getAsyncExecutor() {ThreadPoolTaskExecutor taskExecutor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();taskExecutor.setCorePoolSize(2);taskExecutor.setMaxPoolSize(4);taskExecutor.setQueueCapacity(10);taskExecutor.setRejectedExecutionHandler((runnable, executor) -> LOGGER.error("異步線程池拒絕任務(wù)..." + runnable));taskExecutor.setThreadFactory(new MyAsyncThreadFactory());taskExecutor.initialize();return taskExecutor;}static class MyAsyncThreadFactory implements ThreadFactory {private static final AtomicInteger poolNumber = new AtomicInteger(1);private final ThreadGroup group;private final AtomicInteger threadNumber = new AtomicInteger(1);private final String namePrefix;MyAsyncThreadFactory() {SecurityManager s = System.getSecurityManager();group = (s != null) ? s.getThreadGroup() :Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup();namePrefix = "myasync-pool-" +poolNumber.getAndIncrement() +"-thread-";}@Overridepublic Thread newThread(Runnable r) {Thread t = new Thread(group, r,namePrefix + threadNumber.getAndIncrement(),0);if (t.isDaemon())t.setDaemon(false);if (t.getPriority() != Thread.NORM_PRIORITY)t.setPriority(Thread.NORM_PRIORITY);return t;}} }

　　異步任務(wù)包裝，除了異步，還加入了retry功能，實現(xiàn)指定次數(shù)的接口輪詢。

@Component public class AsyncWrapped {protected static Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(AsyncWrapped.class);@Asyncpublic void asyncProcess(Runnable runnable, Callback callback, Retry retry) {try {if (retry == null) {retry = new Retry(1);}retry.execute(ctx -> {runnable.run();return null;}, ctx -> {if (callback != null) {callback.call();}return null;});} catch (Exception e) {LOGGER.error("異步調(diào)用異常...", e);}} }

　　業(yè)務(wù)代碼大致邏輯如下。

asyncWrapped.asyncProcess(() -> {//調(diào)用分省接口獲取發(fā)票信息//如果發(fā)票信息異常，拋出異常（進入下次重試）//否則，插入用戶微信卡包}, () -> {//輪詢次數(shù)用盡，用戶插入卡包失敗 }, new Retry(2, 1000) );

　　這里說一下為什么線程池沒有充分的利用。異步任務(wù)中包含輪詢操作，輪詢有一定的時間間隔，導(dǎo)致在這段時間間隔內(nèi)，線程一直處于被閑置的狀態(tài)。所以為了能更好的利用線程池資源，我們得想辦法解決時間間隔的問題。假如有個延遲隊列，隊列里放著我們的異步任務(wù)（不包含重試機制），然后延遲（輪詢的時間間隔）一定時間之后，將任務(wù)放入線程池中執(zhí)行，任務(wù)執(zhí)行完畢之后根據(jù)是否需要再次執(zhí)行決定是否再次放入到延遲隊列去，這樣每個線程池中的線程都不會閑著，達到了充分利用的目的。

三、定時任務(wù)線程池和實現(xiàn)輪詢機制

　　@EnableScheduling 幫助開啟@Scheduled注解解析。注冊一個名字是ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.DEFAULT_TASK_SCHEDULER_BEAN_NAME的定時任務(wù)線程池。

@Configuration @EnableScheduling @Role(BeanDefinition.ROLE_INFRASTRUCTURE) public class TaskConfiguration {@Bean(name = ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.DEFAULT_TASK_SCHEDULER_BEAN_NAME)@Role(BeanDefinition.ROLE_INFRASTRUCTURE)public ScheduledExecutorService scheduledAnnotationProcessor() {return Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(5, new DefaultThreadFactory());}private static class DefaultThreadFactory implements ThreadFactory {private static final AtomicInteger poolNumber = new AtomicInteger(1);private final ThreadGroup group;private final AtomicInteger threadNumber = new AtomicInteger(1);private final String namePrefix;DefaultThreadFactory() {SecurityManager s = System.getSecurityManager();group = (s != null) ? s.getThreadGroup() :Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup();namePrefix = "pool-" +poolNumber.getAndIncrement() +"-schedule-";}@Overridepublic Thread newThread(Runnable r) {Thread t = new Thread(group, r,namePrefix + threadNumber.getAndIncrement(),0);if (t.isDaemon()) {t.setDaemon(false);}if (t.getPriority() != Thread.NORM_PRIORITY) {t.setPriority(Thread.NORM_PRIORITY);}return t;}} }

?　　實現(xiàn)輪詢?nèi)蝿?wù)，實現(xiàn)接口SchedulingConfigurer，獲取ScheduledTaskRegistrar 并指定定時任務(wù)線程池。

@Override public void configureTasks(ScheduledTaskRegistrar registrar) {this.registrar = registrar;this.registrar.setScheduler(this.applicationContext.getBean(DEFAULT_TASK_SCHEDULER_BEAN_NAME, ScheduledExecutorService.class));scheduledTaskRegistrarHelper = new ScheduledTaskRegistrarHelper(); }

　　scheduledFutures提交定時任務(wù)時返回結(jié)果集，periodTasks 定時任務(wù)結(jié)果集。

private static final ConcurrentHashMap<String, ScheduledFuture<?>> scheduledFutures = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(); private static final ConcurrentHashMap<String, TimingTask> periodTasks = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();

　　定時任務(wù)包裝類，包含任務(wù)的執(zhí)行次數(shù)（重試次數(shù)）、重試間隔、具體任務(wù)、重試次數(shù)用盡之后的回調(diào)等，以及自動結(jié)束定時任務(wù)、重試計數(shù)重置功能。

private static class TimingTask {//重試次數(shù)private Integer retry;//任務(wù)標識private String taskId;//重試間隔private Long period;//具體任務(wù)private ScheduledRunnable task;//結(jié)束回調(diào)private ScheduledCallback callback;//重試計數(shù)private AtomicInteger count = new AtomicInteger(0);//父線程MDCprivate Map<String, String> curContext;public TimingTask(Integer retry, String taskId, Long period, ScheduledRunnable task, ScheduledCallback callback) {this.retry = retry;this.taskId = taskId;this.period = period;this.task = task;this.callback = callback;this.curContext = MDC.getCopyOfContextMap();}public Long getPeriod() {return period;}public void setPeriod(Long period) {this.period = period;}public String getTaskId() {return taskId;}public void setTaskId(String taskId) {this.taskId = taskId;}public Integer getRetry() {return retry;}public void setRetry(Integer retry) {this.retry = retry;}public AtomicInteger getCount() {return count;}public boolean reset() {for (int cnt = this.count.intValue(); cnt < this.retry; cnt = this.count.intValue()) {if (this.count.compareAndSet(cnt, 0)) {return true;}}return false;}public void process() {Map<String, String> preContext = MDC.getCopyOfContextMap();try {if (this.curContext == null) {MDC.clear();} else {// 將父線程的MDC內(nèi)容傳給子線程MDC.setContextMap(this.curContext);}this.task.run();exitTask(false);} catch (Exception e) {LOGGER.error("定時任務(wù)異常..." + this, e);if (count.incrementAndGet() >= this.retry) {exitTask(true);}} finally {if (preContext == null) {MDC.clear();} else {MDC.setContextMap(preContext);}}}//定時任務(wù)退出private void exitTask(boolean execCallback) {scheduledFutures.get(this.taskId).cancel(false);scheduledFutures.remove(this.getTaskId());periodTasks.remove(this.getTaskId());LOGGER.info("結(jié)束定時任務(wù): " + this);if (execCallback && callback != null) {callback.call();}}@Overridepublic String toString() {return ReflectionToStringBuilder.toString(this, ToStringStyle.JSON_STYLE, false, false, TimingTask.class);} }

　　注意上面定時任務(wù)是如何退出的，是在某一次任務(wù)執(zhí)行成功之后（沒有異常拋出）或者定時任務(wù)執(zhí)行次數(shù)用盡才退出的。直接調(diào)用ScheduledFuture的cancel方法可以退出定時任務(wù)。還有就是定時任務(wù)中的日志需要父線程中的日志變量，所以需要對MDC進行一下處理。

@Scope("prototype") @Bean public AspectTimingTask aspectTimingTask() {return new AspectTimingTask(); }@Aspect @Component public static class ScheduledAspect {@Around("target(AspectTimingTask)")public Object executeScheduledWrapped(ProceedingJoinPoint proceedingJoinPoint) throws Throwable {if (proceedingJoinPoint instanceof MethodInvocationProceedingJoinPoint) {MethodInvocationProceedingJoinPoint methodJoinPoint = (MethodInvocationProceedingJoinPoint) proceedingJoinPoint;Method method = ((MethodSignature) methodJoinPoint.getSignature()).getMethod();if (AnnotatedElementUtils.isAnnotated(method, ScheduledTask.class)) {LOGGER.info("電子發(fā)票定時任務(wù)日志同步...");//其他處理 }}return proceedingJoinPoint.proceed();} }public static class AspectTimingTask implements Runnable {private TimingTask timingTask;@Override@ScheduledTaskpublic void run() {timingTask.process();}public void setTimingTask(TimingTask timingTask) {this.timingTask = timingTask;} }

　　AspectTimingTask 是對TimingTask 的包裝類，實現(xiàn)了Runnable接口。主要是為了對run接口做一層切面，獲取ProceedingJoinPoint 實例（公司中的日志調(diào)用鏈系統(tǒng)需要這個參數(shù)）。AspectTimingTask 的bean實例的scope是prototype，這個注意下。

public static void register(Integer retry, Long period, String taskId, ScheduledRunnable task, ScheduledCallback callback) {scheduledTaskRegistrarHelper.register(retry, taskId, period, task, callback); }private class ScheduledTaskRegistrarHelper {public void register(Integer retry, String taskId, Long period, ScheduledRunnable task, ScheduledCallback callback) {//是否可以重置定時任務(wù)TimingTask preTask = periodTasks.get(taskId);if (null != preTask&& preTask.reset()&& existTask(taskId)) {return;}TimingTask curTask = new TimingTask(retry, taskId, period, task, callback);AspectTimingTask aspectTimingTask = applicationContext.getBean(AspectTimingTask.class);aspectTimingTask.setTimingTask(curTask);ScheduledFuture<?> scheduledFuture = registrar.getScheduler().scheduleAtFixedRate(aspectTimingTask, period);scheduledFutures.put(taskId, scheduledFuture);periodTasks.put(taskId, curTask);LOGGER.info("注冊定時任務(wù): " + curTask);}private boolean existTask(String taskId) {return scheduledFutures.containsKey(taskId) && periodTasks.containsKey(taskId);} }

　　如果taskId的定時任務(wù)已經(jīng)存在則重置定時任務(wù)，否則注冊新的定時任務(wù)。AspectTimingTask 實例通過ApplicationContext獲取，每次獲取都是一個新的實例。

　　由 異步輪詢?nèi)蝿?wù) 優(yōu)化成 定時任務(wù)，充分利用了線程池。修改之后的業(yè)務(wù)代碼如下。

ScheduledTaskRegistrarHelper.register(10, 5*1000L, "taskId", () -> {//調(diào)用分省接口獲取發(fā)票信息//如果發(fā)票信息異常，拋出異常（進入下次重試）//否則，插入用戶微信卡包 }() -> {//輪詢次數(shù)用盡，用戶插入卡包失敗 } );

　　針對電子發(fā)票插入微信卡包定時任務(wù)，重試執(zhí)行次數(shù)10次，每隔5秒執(zhí)行一次。任務(wù)完成之后結(jié)束定時任務(wù)，執(zhí)行次數(shù)用盡之后觸發(fā)插入卡包失敗動作。

四、參考　　

? ? ?Spring異步調(diào)用原理及SpringAop攔截器鏈原理

? ? ?Springboot定時任務(wù)原理及如何動態(tài)創(chuàng)建定時任務(wù)

轉(zhuǎn)載于:https://www.cnblogs.com/hujunzheng/p/10660479.html

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