fedora操作系統優缺點

There are following types of Operating systems:

有以下幾種操作系統：

Batch Operating System

批處理操作系統

Time-Sharing Operating System

分時操作系統

Distributed Operating System

分布式操作系統

Network Operating System

網絡操作系統

Real-Time Operating System

實時操作系統

1)批處理操作系統 (1) Batch Operating System)

There is no direct interaction of this operating system with the computer.

此操作系統與計算機沒有直接交互。

There is an individual operator which takes similar kind of jobs having the same needs and requirements and then group them into different batches. It is the work of the operator to sort the jobs with the same requirements.

有一個單獨的操作員負責執行具有相同需求和要求的同類工作，然后將其分為不同的批次。 操作員的工作是對具有相同要求的作業進行分類。

Advantages:

優點：

• Processors of the batch systems are aware of the time duration of the job even when it is present in the queue.

  批處理系統的處理器知道作業的持續時間，即使該作業存在于隊列中也是如此。

• Batch systems can be shared by multiple users.

  批處理系統可以由多個用戶共享。

• There I very less idle time of the batch system.

  在那里，批處理系統的空閑時間非常少。

• It enables us to manage the efficiently large load of work.

  它使我們能夠有效地管理大量工作。

Disadvantages:

缺點：

• It is very difficult to debug the batch systems

  調試批處理系統非常困難

• It proves to be costly sometimes

  有時證明是昂貴的

• If any job fails, then it is difficult to predict the time

  如果任何工作失敗，那么很難預測時間

Examples:

例子：

Payrolls Systems, Banks Statement etc.

薪資系統，銀行對帳單等

2)分時操作系統 (2) Time-Sharing Operating System)

Some time is given to each task to execute or et implemented.so that each task is able to work smoothly. Each and every user occupies the time of CPU as they use a single system.

給每個任務一些時間來執行或執行，以便每個任務都能順利進行。 每個用戶使用一個系統都占用CPU時間。

Thus these systems are also known to be multitasking systems. Hence the task could be undertaking either by a single user or even multiple users. Quantum is the word used for the time required by each task. after each quantum, the OS switches over to the next task.

因此，這些系統也被稱為多任務系統。 因此，該任務可能由單個用戶甚至多個用戶執行。 量子是每個任務所需時間所用的詞。 在每個數量級之后，操作系統將切換到下一個任務。

Advantages:

優點：

• Duplication of software is less probable

  重復軟件的可能性較小

• Each task is given equal importance

  每個任務都具有同等的重要性

• The CPU idle time can be decreased

  可以減少CPU空閑時間

Disadvantages:

缺點：

• Problem of reliability

  可靠性問題

• Care of security and integrity is to be taken of user data and programs

  應注意用戶數據和程序的安全性和完整性

• There is a problem in data communication

  數據通訊有問題

Examples:

例子：

Multics, Unix etc.

Multics，Unix等

3)分布式操作系統 (3) Distributed Operating System)

Independent systems have their own memory unit and CPU. These are called as loosely coupled or distributed systems. These systems processors vary in sizes and functions. The major benefit of working is that it is always viable that a single user can access the files or software which are not currently present on the system but actually present on some other system connected in this network i.e., remote access is enabled in the devices which are connected in this network.

獨立的系統具有自己的存儲單元和CPU。 這些被稱為松散耦合或分布式系統。 這些系統處理器的大小和功能各不相同。 工作的主要好處是，單個用戶可以訪問系統上當前不存在但實際上存在于此網絡中連接的其他系統上的文件或軟件始終是可行的，即在設備上啟用了遠程訪問，在此網絡中連接。

Advantages:

優點：

• The data exchange speed is increased by using electronic mails

  通過使用電子郵件提高數據交換速度

• All systems are entirely independent]et of each other

  所有系統都是完全獨立的

• Failure of one system is not going to affect the other

  一個系統的故障不會影響另一個系統

• The resources are shared and hence the computation is very fast and speedy

  資源是共享的，因此計算速度非常快

• There is a reduction in load on their host computers

  他們的主機上的負載減少了

• Delay in processing reduces

  處理延遲減少

Disadvantages:

缺點：

• If the main network fails, this will stop the complete communication.

  如果主網絡出現故障，將停止完整的通信。

• To establish such systems, the language which is used are not clearly and well defined still.

  為了建立這樣的系統，所使用的語言還沒有被清楚地定義。

• They are very expensive.

  它們非常昂貴。

• The underlying software is highly complex.

  基礎軟件非常復雜。

Examples: LOCUS etc.

例如： LOCUS等

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4)網絡操作系統 (4) Network Operating System)

These systems run on a server. These systems provide the functionality to manage data, users, applications, security, groups, and also some other networking roles. These allow shared access to networking functions on minor or small private network. All the users who know the configuration, of all the other users in the network, their private or individual connections etc. And hence these are referred to as tightly coupled systems.

這些系統在服務器上運行。 這些系統提供了管理數據，用戶，應用程序，安全性，組以及某些其他網絡角色的功能。 這些允許在小型或小型專用網絡上共享訪問網絡功能。 所有知道網絡中所有其他用戶的配置的用戶，其私人或個人連接等。因此，這些用戶被稱為緊密耦合系統。

Advantages:

優點：

• The servers are Highly stable and centralized

  服務器高度穩定且集中

• Servers handle Security concerns

  服務器處理安全問題

• New technologies and hardware up-gradation can be easily integrated

  新技術和硬件升級可以輕松集成

• Server access is possible remotely from various locations and different types of systems

  可以從不同位置和不同類型的系統遠程訪問服務器

Disadvantages:

缺點：

• Costly servers

  昂貴的服務器

• Depended on central location

  取決于中心位置

• Regular updates and maintenance required

  需要定期更新和維護

Examples:

例子：

MS Windows Server 2003, MS Windows Server 2008, NetWare, BSD etc.

MS Windows Server 2003，MS Windows Server 2008，NetWare，BSD等

5)實時操作系統 (5) Real-Time Operating System)

Used in real-time systems. The time interval which is needed to process and respond to inputs is very less. This time interval is known as response time.

用于實時系統。 處理和響應輸入所需的時間間隔非常短。 該時間間隔稱為響應時間。

Real-time systems are used when there are very strict time needs like missile systems, robots etc.

當有非常嚴格的時間需求時，例如導彈系統，機器人等，可以使用實時系統。

There are two types of Real-Time Operating System:

實時操作系統有兩種類型：

• Hard Real-Time Systems

  硬實時系統

  For the applications where time constraints or conditions are very strict and even the smallest or shortest possible delay is not accepted. These systems are mainly built for saving a life like automatic opening parachutes or airbags which are required to be immediately available in case of an accident. Virtual memory is mostly not used in these systems.

  對于時間限制或條件非常嚴格，甚至最小或最短可能的延遲的應用，均不接受。 這些系統主要用于節省生命，例如自動打開降落傘或安全氣囊，在發生事故時必須立即使用。 這些系統中大多不使用虛擬內存。

• Soft Real-Time Systems

  軟實時系統

  For applications where for less strict time-constraint.

  適用于時間限制不太嚴格的應用。

Advantages:

優點：

• Maximum use of devices and system thus gives more output from all the resources

  最大限度地利用設備和系統，從而從所有資源中獲得更多輸出

• Time given for shifting tasks is very less

  輪班任務的時間很少

• It Focusses on running applications and gives less importance to queue applications

  它專注于正在運行的應用程序，而對隊列應用程序的重視程度則較低

• Size of programs are small

  程序大小小

• Error free

  無錯誤

• Memory allocation is well managed

  內存分配管理得當

Disadvantages:

缺點：

• Only some task run at the same time

  只能同時運行一些任務

• Sometimes the system resources are not good enough and they are costly as well

  有時系統資源不夠好，而且成本也很高

• Complex and difficult to write algorithms are used

  使用復雜且難以編寫的算法

• It requires specific device drivers

  需要特定的設備驅動程序

• They are very less prone to switching tasks

  他們不太容易切換任務

Examples:

例子：

Medical imaging systems, industrial control, weapon systems, air traffic control systems, etc.

醫學成像系統，工業控制，武器系統，空中交通管制系統等

翻譯自: https://www.includehelp.com/operating-systems/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-different-types-of-operating-systems.aspx

fedora操作系統優缺點

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