fedora操作系统优缺点_不同类型的操作系统的优缺点
fedora操作系統優缺點
There are following types of Operating systems:
有以下幾種操作系統:
Batch Operating System
批處理操作系統
Time-Sharing Operating System
分時操作系統
Distributed Operating System
分布式操作系統
Network Operating System
網絡操作系統
Real-Time Operating System
實時操作系統
1)批處理操作系統 (1) Batch Operating System)
There is no direct interaction of this operating system with the computer.
此操作系統與計算機沒有直接交互。
There is an individual operator which takes similar kind of jobs having the same needs and requirements and then group them into different batches. It is the work of the operator to sort the jobs with the same requirements.
有一個單獨的操作員負責執行具有相同需求和要求的同類工作,然后將其分為不同的批次。 操作員的工作是對具有相同要求的作業進行分類。
Advantages:
優點:
Processors of the batch systems are aware of the time duration of the job even when it is present in the queue.
批處理系統的處理器知道作業的持續時間,即使該作業存在于隊列中也是如此。
Batch systems can be shared by multiple users.
批處理系統可以由多個用戶共享。
There I very less idle time of the batch system.
在那里,批處理系統的空閑時間非常少。
It enables us to manage the efficiently large load of work.
它使我們能夠有效地管理大量工作。
Disadvantages:
缺點:
It is very difficult to debug the batch systems
調試批處理系統非常困難
It proves to be costly sometimes
有時證明是昂貴的
If any job fails, then it is difficult to predict the time
如果任何工作失敗,那么很難預測時間
Examples:
例子:
Payrolls Systems, Banks Statement etc.
薪資系統,銀行對帳單等
2)分時操作系統 (2) Time-Sharing Operating System)
Some time is given to each task to execute or et implemented.so that each task is able to work smoothly. Each and every user occupies the time of CPU as they use a single system.
給每個任務一些時間來執行或執行,以便每個任務都能順利進行。 每個用戶使用一個系統都占用CPU時間。
Thus these systems are also known to be multitasking systems. Hence the task could be undertaking either by a single user or even multiple users. Quantum is the word used for the time required by each task. after each quantum, the OS switches over to the next task.
因此,這些系統也被稱為多任務系統。 因此,該任務可能由單個用戶甚至多個用戶執行。 量子是每個任務所需時間所用的詞。 在每個數量級之后,操作系統將切換到下一個任務。
Advantages:
優點:
Duplication of software is less probable
重復軟件的可能性較小
Each task is given equal importance
每個任務都具有同等的重要性
The CPU idle time can be decreased
可以減少CPU空閑時間
Disadvantages:
缺點:
Problem of reliability
可靠性問題
Care of security and integrity is to be taken of user data and programs
應注意用戶數據和程序的安全性和完整性
There is a problem in data communication
數據通訊有問題
Examples:
例子:
Multics, Unix etc.
Multics,Unix等
3)分布式操作系統 (3) Distributed Operating System)
Independent systems have their own memory unit and CPU. These are called as loosely coupled or distributed systems. These systems processors vary in sizes and functions. The major benefit of working is that it is always viable that a single user can access the files or software which are not currently present on the system but actually present on some other system connected in this network i.e., remote access is enabled in the devices which are connected in this network.
獨立的系統具有自己的存儲單元和CPU。 這些被稱為松散耦合或分布式系統。 這些系統處理器的大小和功能各不相同。 工作的主要好處是,單個用戶可以訪問系統上當前不存在但實際上存在于此網絡中連接的其他系統上的文件或軟件始終是可行的,即在設備上啟用了遠程訪問,在此網絡中連接。
Advantages:
優點:
The data exchange speed is increased by using electronic mails
通過使用電子郵件提高數據交換速度
All systems are entirely independent]et of each other
所有系統都是完全獨立的
Failure of one system is not going to affect the other
一個系統的故障不會影響另一個系統
The resources are shared and hence the computation is very fast and speedy
資源是共享的,因此計算速度非常快
There is a reduction in load on their host computers
他們的主機上的負載減少了
Delay in processing reduces
處理延遲減少
Disadvantages:
缺點:
If the main network fails, this will stop the complete communication.
如果主網絡出現故障,將停止完整的通信。
To establish such systems, the language which is used are not clearly and well defined still.
為了建立這樣的系統,所使用的語言還沒有被清楚地定義。
They are very expensive.
它們非常昂貴。
The underlying software is highly complex.
基礎軟件非常復雜。
Examples: LOCUS etc.
例如: LOCUS等
.minHeight{min-height: 250px;}@media (min-width: 1025px){.minHeight{min-height: 90px;}} .minHeight{min-height: 250px;}@media (min-width: 1025px){.minHeight{min-height: 90px;}}4)網絡操作系統 (4) Network Operating System)
These systems run on a server. These systems provide the functionality to manage data, users, applications, security, groups, and also some other networking roles. These allow shared access to networking functions on minor or small private network. All the users who know the configuration, of all the other users in the network, their private or individual connections etc. And hence these are referred to as tightly coupled systems.
這些系統在服務器上運行。 這些系統提供了管理數據,用戶,應用程序,安全性,組以及某些其他網絡角色的功能。 這些允許在小型或小型專用網絡上共享訪問網絡功能。 所有知道網絡中所有其他用戶的配置的用戶,其私人或個人連接等。因此,這些用戶被稱為緊密耦合系統。
Advantages:
優點:
The servers are Highly stable and centralized
服務器高度穩定且集中
Servers handle Security concerns
服務器處理安全問題
New technologies and hardware up-gradation can be easily integrated
新技術和硬件升級可以輕松集成
Server access is possible remotely from various locations and different types of systems
可以從不同位置和不同類型的系統遠程訪問服務器
Disadvantages:
缺點:
Costly servers
昂貴的服務器
Depended on central location
取決于中心位置
Regular updates and maintenance required
需要定期更新和維護
Examples:
例子:
MS Windows Server 2003, MS Windows Server 2008, NetWare, BSD etc.
MS Windows Server 2003,MS Windows Server 2008,NetWare,BSD等
5)實時操作系統 (5) Real-Time Operating System)
Used in real-time systems. The time interval which is needed to process and respond to inputs is very less. This time interval is known as response time.
用于實時系統。 處理和響應輸入所需的時間間隔非常短。 該時間間隔稱為響應時間。
Real-time systems are used when there are very strict time needs like missile systems, robots etc.
當有非常嚴格的時間需求時,例如導彈系統,機器人等,可以使用實時系統。
There are two types of Real-Time Operating System:
實時操作系統有兩種類型:
Hard Real-Time Systems
硬實時系統
For the applications where time constraints or conditions are very strict and even the smallest or shortest possible delay is not accepted. These systems are mainly built for saving a life like automatic opening parachutes or airbags which are required to be immediately available in case of an accident. Virtual memory is mostly not used in these systems.
對于時間限制或條件非常嚴格,甚至最小或最短可能的延遲的應用,均不接受。 這些系統主要用于節省生命,例如自動打開降落傘或安全氣囊,在發生事故時必須立即使用。 這些系統中大多不使用虛擬內存。
Soft Real-Time Systems
軟實時系統
For applications where for less strict time-constraint.
適用于時間限制不太嚴格的應用。
Advantages:
優點:
Maximum use of devices and system thus gives more output from all the resources
最大限度地利用設備和系統,從而從所有資源中獲得更多輸出
Time given for shifting tasks is very less
輪班任務的時間很少
It Focusses on running applications and gives less importance to queue applications
它專注于正在運行的應用程序,而對隊列應用程序的重視程度則較低
Size of programs are small
程序大小小
Error free
無錯誤
Memory allocation is well managed
內存分配管理得當
Disadvantages:
缺點:
Only some task run at the same time
只能同時運行一些任務
Sometimes the system resources are not good enough and they are costly as well
有時系統資源不夠好,而且成本也很高
Complex and difficult to write algorithms are used
使用復雜且難以編寫的算法
It requires specific device drivers
需要特定的設備驅動程序
They are very less prone to switching tasks
他們不太容易切換任務
Examples:
例子:
Medical imaging systems, industrial control, weapon systems, air traffic control systems, etc.
醫學成像系統,工業控制,武器系統,空中交通管制系統等
翻譯自: https://www.includehelp.com/operating-systems/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-different-types-of-operating-systems.aspx
fedora操作系統優缺點
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