fedora操作系統(tǒng)優(yōu)缺點

There are following types of Operating systems:

有以下幾種操作系統(tǒng)：

Batch Operating System

批處理操作系統(tǒng)

Time-Sharing Operating System

分時操作系統(tǒng)

Distributed Operating System

分布式操作系統(tǒng)

Network Operating System

網(wǎng)絡(luò)操作系統(tǒng)

Real-Time Operating System

實時操作系統(tǒng)

1)批處理操作系統(tǒng) (1) Batch Operating System)

There is no direct interaction of this operating system with the computer.

此操作系統(tǒng)與計算機(jī)沒有直接交互。

There is an individual operator which takes similar kind of jobs having the same needs and requirements and then group them into different batches. It is the work of the operator to sort the jobs with the same requirements.

有一個單獨的操作員負(fù)責(zé)執(zhí)行具有相同需求和要求的同類工作，然后將其分為不同的批次。 操作員的工作是對具有相同要求的作業(yè)進(jìn)行分類。

Advantages:

優(yōu)點：

• Processors of the batch systems are aware of the time duration of the job even when it is present in the queue.

  批處理系統(tǒng)的處理器知道作業(yè)的持續(xù)時間，即使該作業(yè)存在于隊列中也是如此。

• Batch systems can be shared by multiple users.

  批處理系統(tǒng)可以由多個用戶共享。

• There I very less idle time of the batch system.

  在那里，批處理系統(tǒng)的空閑時間非常少。

• It enables us to manage the efficiently large load of work.

  它使我們能夠有效地管理大量工作。

Disadvantages:

缺點：

• It is very difficult to debug the batch systems

  調(diào)試批處理系統(tǒng)非常困難

• It proves to be costly sometimes

  有時證明是昂貴的

• If any job fails, then it is difficult to predict the time

  如果任何工作失敗，那么很難預(yù)測時間

Examples:

例子：

Payrolls Systems, Banks Statement etc.

薪資系統(tǒng)，銀行對帳單等

2)分時操作系統(tǒng) (2) Time-Sharing Operating System)

Some time is given to each task to execute or et implemented.so that each task is able to work smoothly. Each and every user occupies the time of CPU as they use a single system.

給每個任務(wù)一些時間來執(zhí)行或執(zhí)行，以便每個任務(wù)都能順利進(jìn)行。 每個用戶使用一個系統(tǒng)都占用CPU時間。

Thus these systems are also known to be multitasking systems. Hence the task could be undertaking either by a single user or even multiple users. Quantum is the word used for the time required by each task. after each quantum, the OS switches over to the next task.

因此，這些系統(tǒng)也被稱為多任務(wù)系統(tǒng)。 因此，該任務(wù)可能由單個用戶甚至多個用戶執(zhí)行。 量子是每個任務(wù)所需時間所用的詞。 在每個數(shù)量級之后，操作系統(tǒng)將切換到下一個任務(wù)。

Advantages:

優(yōu)點：

• Duplication of software is less probable

  重復(fù)軟件的可能性較小

• Each task is given equal importance

  每個任務(wù)都具有同等的重要性

• The CPU idle time can be decreased

  可以減少CPU空閑時間

Disadvantages:

缺點：

• Problem of reliability

  可靠性問題

• Care of security and integrity is to be taken of user data and programs

  應(yīng)注意用戶數(shù)據(jù)和程序的安全性和完整性

• There is a problem in data communication

  數(shù)據(jù)通訊有問題

Examples:

例子：

Multics, Unix etc.

Multics，Unix等

3)分布式操作系統(tǒng) (3) Distributed Operating System)

Independent systems have their own memory unit and CPU. These are called as loosely coupled or distributed systems. These systems processors vary in sizes and functions. The major benefit of working is that it is always viable that a single user can access the files or software which are not currently present on the system but actually present on some other system connected in this network i.e., remote access is enabled in the devices which are connected in this network.

獨立的系統(tǒng)具有自己的存儲單元和CPU。 這些被稱為松散耦合或分布式系統(tǒng)。 這些系統(tǒng)處理器的大小和功能各不相同。 工作的主要好處是，單個用戶可以訪問系統(tǒng)上當(dāng)前不存在但實際上存在于此網(wǎng)絡(luò)中連接的其他系統(tǒng)上的文件或軟件始終是可行的，即在設(shè)備上啟用了遠(yuǎn)程訪問，在此網(wǎng)絡(luò)中連接。

Advantages:

優(yōu)點：

• The data exchange speed is increased by using electronic mails

  通過使用電子郵件提高數(shù)據(jù)交換速度

• All systems are entirely independent]et of each other

  所有系統(tǒng)都是完全獨立的

• Failure of one system is not going to affect the other

  一個系統(tǒng)的故障不會影響另一個系統(tǒng)

• The resources are shared and hence the computation is very fast and speedy

  資源是共享的，因此計算速度非常快

• There is a reduction in load on their host computers

  他們的主機(jī)上的負(fù)載減少了

• Delay in processing reduces

  處理延遲減少

Disadvantages:

缺點：

• If the main network fails, this will stop the complete communication.

  如果主網(wǎng)絡(luò)出現(xiàn)故障，將停止完整的通信。

• To establish such systems, the language which is used are not clearly and well defined still.

  為了建立這樣的系統(tǒng)，所使用的語言還沒有被清楚地定義。

• They are very expensive.

  它們非常昂貴。

• The underlying software is highly complex.

  基礎(chǔ)軟件非常復(fù)雜。

Examples: LOCUS etc.

例如： LOCUS等

.minHeight{min-height: 250px;}@media (min-width: 1025px){.minHeight{min-height: 90px;}} .minHeight{min-height: 250px;}@media (min-width: 1025px){.minHeight{min-height: 90px;}}

4)網(wǎng)絡(luò)操作系統(tǒng) (4) Network Operating System)

These systems run on a server. These systems provide the functionality to manage data, users, applications, security, groups, and also some other networking roles. These allow shared access to networking functions on minor or small private network. All the users who know the configuration, of all the other users in the network, their private or individual connections etc. And hence these are referred to as tightly coupled systems.

這些系統(tǒng)在服務(wù)器上運行。 這些系統(tǒng)提供了管理數(shù)據(jù)，用戶，應(yīng)用程序，安全性，組以及某些其他網(wǎng)絡(luò)角色的功能。 這些允許在小型或小型專用網(wǎng)絡(luò)上共享訪問網(wǎng)絡(luò)功能。 所有知道網(wǎng)絡(luò)中所有其他用戶的配置的用戶，其私人或個人連接等。因此，這些用戶被稱為緊密耦合系統(tǒng)。

Advantages:

優(yōu)點：

• The servers are Highly stable and centralized

  服務(wù)器高度穩(wěn)定且集中

• Servers handle Security concerns

  服務(wù)器處理安全問題

• New technologies and hardware up-gradation can be easily integrated

  新技術(shù)和硬件升級可以輕松集成

• Server access is possible remotely from various locations and different types of systems

  可以從不同位置和不同類型的系統(tǒng)遠(yuǎn)程訪問服務(wù)器

Disadvantages:

缺點：

• Costly servers

  昂貴的服務(wù)器

• Depended on central location

  取決于中心位置

• Regular updates and maintenance required

  需要定期更新和維護(hù)

Examples:

例子：

MS Windows Server 2003, MS Windows Server 2008, NetWare, BSD etc.

MS Windows Server 2003，MS Windows Server 2008，NetWare，BSD等

5)實時操作系統(tǒng) (5) Real-Time Operating System)

Used in real-time systems. The time interval which is needed to process and respond to inputs is very less. This time interval is known as response time.

用于實時系統(tǒng)。 處理和響應(yīng)輸入所需的時間間隔非常短。 該時間間隔稱為響應(yīng)時間。

Real-time systems are used when there are very strict time needs like missile systems, robots etc.

當(dāng)有非常嚴(yán)格的時間需求時，例如導(dǎo)彈系統(tǒng)，機(jī)器人等，可以使用實時系統(tǒng)。

There are two types of Real-Time Operating System:

實時操作系統(tǒng)有兩種類型：

• Hard Real-Time Systems

  硬實時系統(tǒng)

  For the applications where time constraints or conditions are very strict and even the smallest or shortest possible delay is not accepted. These systems are mainly built for saving a life like automatic opening parachutes or airbags which are required to be immediately available in case of an accident. Virtual memory is mostly not used in these systems.

  對于時間限制或條件非常嚴(yán)格，甚至最小或最短可能的延遲的應(yīng)用，均不接受。 這些系統(tǒng)主要用于節(jié)省生命，例如自動打開降落傘或安全氣囊，在發(fā)生事故時必須立即使用。 這些系統(tǒng)中大多不使用虛擬內(nèi)存。

• Soft Real-Time Systems

  軟實時系統(tǒng)

  For applications where for less strict time-constraint.

  適用于時間限制不太嚴(yán)格的應(yīng)用。

Advantages:

優(yōu)點：

• Maximum use of devices and system thus gives more output from all the resources

  最大限度地利用設(shè)備和系統(tǒng)，從而從所有資源中獲得更多輸出

• Time given for shifting tasks is very less

  輪班任務(wù)的時間很少

• It Focusses on running applications and gives less importance to queue applications

  它專注于正在運行的應(yīng)用程序，而對隊列應(yīng)用程序的重視程度則較低

• Size of programs are small

  程序大小小

• Error free

  無錯誤

• Memory allocation is well managed

  內(nèi)存分配管理得當(dāng)

Disadvantages:

缺點：

• Only some task run at the same time

  只能同時運行一些任務(wù)

• Sometimes the system resources are not good enough and they are costly as well

  有時系統(tǒng)資源不夠好，而且成本也很高

• Complex and difficult to write algorithms are used

  使用復(fù)雜且難以編寫的算法

• It requires specific device drivers

  需要特定的設(shè)備驅(qū)動程序

• They are very less prone to switching tasks

  他們不太容易切換任務(wù)

Examples:

例子：

Medical imaging systems, industrial control, weapon systems, air traffic control systems, etc.

醫(yī)學(xué)成像系統(tǒng)，工業(yè)控制，武器系統(tǒng)，空中交通管制系統(tǒng)等

翻譯自: https://www.includehelp.com/operating-systems/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-different-types-of-operating-systems.aspx

fedora操作系統(tǒng)優(yōu)缺點

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