ipv6尋址

1)分類尋址 (1) Classful Addressing)

IPv4 addressing used the concept of classes. This architecture is known as classful addressing.

IPv4尋址使用類的概念。 這種體系結構稱為類尋址 。

In the classful addressing, there are 5 classes in which the address space is divided: A, B, C, D, and E.

在有類尋址中，地址空間分為5個類： A，B，C，D和E。

Each class occupies some fraction of the address space.

每個類占用一部分地址空間。

We can find the class of an address when given the address in binary notation or dotted-decimal notation by checking the first few bits or first byte.

通過檢查前幾位或第一個字節，以二進制或點分十進制形式給定地址時，可以找到地址的類別。

類和塊 (Classes and Blocks)

There is a problem with the classful addressing that is "each class is divided into a fixed number of blocks with each block having a fixed size".

分類尋址存在一個問題，即“每個類被劃分為固定數量的塊，每個塊具有固定的大小” 。

Class nameNumber of blocksBlock sizeApplication

A	128	16,777,216	Unicast
B	16,384	65,536	Unicast
C	2,097,152	256	Unicast
D	1	268,435,456	Multicast
E	1	268,435.456	Multicast

班級名稱 塊數 塊大小 應用

一個	128	16,777,216	單播
乙	16,384	65,536	單播
C	2,097,152	256	單播
d	1個	268,435,456	多播
?	1個	268,435.456	多播

The "class A addresses" are designed for large organizations to manage a large number of attached hosts or routers.

“ A類地址”是為大型組織設計的，用于管理大量連接的主機或路由器。

The "class B addresses" are designed for midsize organizations to manage tens of thousands of attached hosts or routers.

“ B類地址”是為中型組織設計的，用于管理成千上萬個連接的主機或路由器。

The "class C addresses" are designed for small organizations to manage a small number of attached hosts or routers.

“ C類地址”是為小型組織設計的，用于管理少量連接的主機或路由器。

2)無類尋址 (2) Classless Addressing)

Classful addressing leads to address depletion. That's the big issue for this schema and that's why it's not used nowadays.

分類尋址會導致地址耗盡。 這是此架構的主要問題，這就是為什么現在不使用它。

To overcome the problem of address depletion and to give more organizations access to the Internet, the classless addressing was designed and implemented. In this scheme of classless addressing, there are no classes, but the addresses are still granted in blocks.

為了克服地址耗盡的問題，并使更多組織可以訪問Internet，設計并實現了無類尋址。 在這種無類別尋址方案中，沒有任何類別，但是地址仍以塊形式授予。

地址塊 (Address Blocks)

In classless addressing, when an entity(organization or a single household (small organization) or whatever which uses the internet) needs to be connected to the Internet, it is granted a block (range) of addresses. The size of the block (the number of addresses) varies based on the nature, size, and need of the entity.

在無類尋址中，當一個實體(組織或單個家庭(小型組織)或使用互聯網的任何對象)需要連接到Internet時，將被授予一個地址塊(范圍)。 塊的大小(地址數)根據實體的性質，大小和需要而變化。

For example, a household (small organization) may be given only two addresses; a large organization may be given thousands of addresses. On the other hand. An ISP, as the Internet service provider, may be given hundreds of thousands based on the number of customers it may serve.

例如，一個家庭(小型組織)可能僅獲得兩個地址。 大型組織可能會獲得數千個地址。 另一方面。 作為互聯網服務提供商，ISP可能會根據其服務的客戶數量而獲得數十萬的獎勵。

Three restrictions on classless address blocks:

無類地址塊的三個限制：

The addresses in a block must be contiguous that means one after another.

塊中的地址必須連續，這意味著一個接一個。

The number of classless addresses in a block must be a power of 2.

塊中無類地址的數量必須是2的冪。

The first address must be evenly divisible by the number of addresses.

第一個地址必須能被地址數平均整除。

References:

參考文獻：

• Book: Data communication & networking

  圖書：數據通信與網絡

• Classless addressing

  無類尋址

翻譯自: https://www.includehelp.com/computer-networks/classful-and-classless-addressing-ipv4-addressing.aspx

ipv6尋址

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