首先準備一個liunx鏡像和一臺安裝好虛擬機的電腦。

配置好虛擬機，選在稍后安裝。選擇鏡像文件，開啟虛擬機進行安裝。

配置yum源。首先插入光盤。由于是虛擬機，用的光盤鏡像，

在/mnt/下面創建一個文件夾yum 。????? 復制所有光盤里的內容到/mnt/yum ??cp -rf /media/RHEL_5.9\ x86_64\ DVD/* ?/mnt/yum

用vim編輯器配置文件 ? vim /etc/yum.repo.d/rhel-debuginfo.repo配置如下：

[rhel]

name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux

baseurl=file:///mnt/yum/Server

enabled=1

gpgcheck=0

查看yum配置情況

root@localhost ~]# yum repolist

rhel ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? | 1.5 kB ? ? 00:00

rhel/primary ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? | 932 kB ? ? 00:00

rhel ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?3335/3335

repo id ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?repo name ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?status

rhel ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Red Hat Enterprise Linux ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 3,335

yum配置成功。

6。查看當前主機名

[root@localhost ~]# hostname

localhost.localdomain

7。修改主機名

[root@localhost ~]#?hostname weiliyang.nsd1405.com

[root@localhost ~]# hostname

weiliyang.nsd1405.com

8.查看當前ip地址

[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth0

eth0 ? ? ?Link encap:Ethernet ?HWaddr 00:0C:29:55:29:F0

inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe55:29f0/64 Scope:Link

UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST ?MTU:1500 ?Metric:1

RX packets:117 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

TX packets:27 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000

RX bytes:11674 (11.4 KiB) ?TX bytes:5927 (5.7 KiB)

9.修改主機ip地址，臨時設置為192.168.1.10

[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.10/24

[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth0

eth0 ? ? ?Link encap:Ethernet ?HWaddr 00:0C:29:55:29:F0

inet addr:192.168.1.10 ?Bcast:192.168.1.255 ?Mask:255.255.255.0

inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe55:29f0/64 Scope:Link

UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST ?MTU:1500 ?Metric:1

RX packets:117 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

TX packets:38 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000

RX bytes:11674 (11.4 KiB) ?TX bytes:8275 (8.0 KiB)

10.查看cpu信息

[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo

processor ? ? ? : 0

vendor_id ? ? ? : GenuineIntel

cpu family ? ? ?: 6

model ? ? ? ? ? : 37

model name ? ? ?: Intel(R) Core(TM) i3 CPU ? ? ? M 350 ?@ 2.27GHz

stepping ? ? ? ?: 2

cpu MHz ? ? ? ? : 2261.002

cache size ? ? ?: 3072 KB

11.查看內存信息

[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/meminfo

MemTotal: ? ? ? 507508 kB

MemFree: ? ? ? ? 39700 kB

Buffers: ? ? ? ? ?5256 kB

Cached: ? ? ? ? 187540 kB

SwapCached: ? ? ? ? ?0 kB

Active: ? ? ? ? 293652 kB

Inactive: ? ? ? 105868 kB

12.查看系統具體屬于RedHat哪一個版本

[root@localhost ~]# lsb_release ?-d

Description: ? ?Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5.9 (Tikang

13.查看當前系統時間

[root@localhost ~]# date

2014年 07月 06日 星期日 17:22:52 CST

14.列出/etc目錄屬性

drwxr-xr-x 102 root root 12288 07-06 16:43 /etc/

15.遞歸顯示/boot下的目錄和文件

[root@localhost ~]# ls ?-R /boot/

/boot/:

config-2.6.18-348.el5 ? ? ?lost+found ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? vmlinuz-2.6.18-348.el5

grub ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? symvers-2.6.18-348.el5.gz

initrd-2.6.18-348.el5.img ?System.map-2.6.18-348.el5

/boot/grub:

device.map ? ? grub.conf ? ? ? ? minix_stage1_5 ? ? stage2

e2fs_stage1_5 ?iso9660_stage1_5 ?reiserfs_stage1_5 ?ufs2_stage1_5

fat_stage1_5 ? jfs_stage1_5 ? ? ?splash.xpm.gz ? ? ?vstafs_stage1_5

ffs_stage1_5 ? menu.lst ? ? ? ? ?stage1 ? ? ? ? ? ? xfs_stage1_5

/boot/lost+found:

15.顯示root下面所有文件包括隱藏文件

[root@localhost ~]# ls -a /boot/

. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?lost+found

.. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? symvers-2.6.18-348.el5.gz

config-2.6.18-348.el5 ? ? ?System.map-2.6.18-348.el5

grub ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? vmlinuz-2.6.18-348.el5

initrd-2.6.18-348.el5.img ?.vmlinuz-2.6.18-348.el5.hmac

16.進入/tmp目錄，刪除所有文件和目錄，創建file1.txt file2.txt file3.txt file13.txt filea.txt ???????? ??fileab.txt

[root@localhost tmp]# cd /tmp/

[root@localhost tmp]# rm -rf *

[root@localhost tmp]# touch file1.txt file2.txt file3.txt file13.txt filea.txt ???? ? ??fileab.txt

[root@localhost tmp]#

[root@localhost tmp]# ls

file13.txt ?file1.txt ?file2.txt ?file3.txt ?fileab.txt ?filea.txt

17.顯示file開頭的，以.txt結尾的，中間2個字符的文件

[root@localhost tmp]# ls file??.txt

file13.txt ?fileab.txt

[root@localhost tmp]#

18.顯示file開頭的，以.txt結尾的，中間是單個數字的文件

[root@localhost tmp]# ls file[0-9].txt

file1.txt ?file2.txt ?file3.txt

19.顯示file開頭的，以.txt結尾的，中間部分可能是1 3 a ab的文件

[root@localhost tmp]# ls file{1,3,a,ab}.txt

file1.txt ?file3.txt ?fileab.txt ?filea.txt

20.查看/boot和/etc/pki分別占用多大空間

[root@localhost tmp]# du -sh ?/root/

385M ? ?/root/

[root@localhost tmp]# du -sh /etc/pki/

792K ? ?/etc/pki/

21.查看/etc/passwd前5行

[root@localhost tmp]# head -5 /etc/passwd

root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin

daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin

adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin

lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin

22.查看/etc/passwd尾5行

[root@localhost tmp]# tail -5 /etc/passwd

haldaemon:x:68:68:HAL daemon:/:/sbin/nologin

avahi-autoipd:x:100:159:avahi-autoipd:/var/lib/avahi-autoipd:/sbin/nologin

gdm:x:42:42::/var/gdm:/sbin/nologin

sabayon:x:86:86:Sabayon user:/home/sabayon:/sbin/nologin

weiliyang:x:500:500::/home/weiliyang:/bin/bash

23.查看/etc/passwd的第8-12行

[root@localhost tmp]# head -12 /etc/passwd|tail -5 /etc/passwd

haldaemon:x:68:68:HAL daemon:/:/sbin/nologin

avahi-autoipd:x:100:159:avahi-autoipd:/var/lib/avahi-autoipd:/sbin/nologin

gdm:x:42:42::/var/gdm:/sbin/nologin

sabayon:x:86:86:Sabayon user:/home/sabayon:/sbin/nologin

weiliyang:x:500:500::/home/weiliyang:/bin/bash

24.統計系統中有多少個賬戶

[root@localhost tmp]# cat -n /etc/passwd|wc -l

35

25.計算/etc目錄下.conf配置文件的個數

[root@localhost tmp]# ls /etc/*.conf|wc -l

48

26.顯示/etc/passwd中以root開頭的內容

[root@localhost tmp]# grep ^root /etc/passwd

root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

27.顯示/etc/passwd中以bash結尾的內容

[root@localhost tmp]# grep bash$ /etc/passwd

root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

weiliyang:x:500:500::/home/weiliyang:/bin/bash

28.分別使用gzip和bzip2和zip對/root/gztest.txt進行壓縮和解壓

gzip壓縮

[root@localhost ~]# ls

anaconda-ks.cfg ?Desktop ?gztext.txt ?install.log ?install.log.syslog ?lianxi

[root@localhost ~]# gzip -9 gztext.txt

[root@localhost ~]# ls

anaconda-ks.cfg ?gztext.txt.gz ?install.log.syslog

Desktop ? ? ? ? ?install.log ? ?lianxi

gunzip解壓

[root@localhost ~]# gunzip gztext.txt.gz

[root@localhost ~]# ls

anaconda-ks.cfg ?Desktop ?gztext.txt ?install.log ?install.log.syslog ?lianxi

gzip2壓縮

[root@localhost ~]# ls

anaconda-ks.cfg ?Desktop ?gztext.txt ?install.log ?install.log.syslog ?lianxi

[root@localhost ~]# bzip2 gztext.txt

[root@localhost ~]# ls

anaconda-ks.cfg ?gztext.txt.bz2 ?install.log.syslog

Desktop ? ? ? ? ?install.log ? ? lianxi

gzip2解壓

[root@localhost ~]# bunzip2 gztext.txt.bz2

[root@localhost ~]# ls

anaconda-ks.cfg ?Desktop ?gztext.txt ?install.log ?install.log.syslog ?lianxi

tar壓縮

[root@localhost ~]# ls

anaconda-ks.cfg ?Desktop ?gztext.txt ?install.log ?install.log.syslog ?lianxi

[root@localhost ~]# tar -zcf gztext.txt.tar.gz gztext.txt

[root@localhost ~]# ls

anaconda-ks.cfg ?gztext.txt ? ? ? ? install.log ? ? ? ? lianxi

Desktop ? ? ? ? ?gztext.txt.tar.gz ?install.log.syslog

tar解壓

[root@localhost ~]# tar -zxf gztext.txt.tar.gz

[root@localhost ~]# ls

anaconda-ks.cfg ?gztext.txt ? ? ? ? install.log ? ? ? ? lianxi

Desktop ? ? ? ? ?gztext.txt.tar.gz ?install.log.syslog

29.把/etc/mail打包并壓縮到/root/mail.tar.gz

[root@localhost ~]# tar -zcf /root/mail.tar.gz /etc/mail

[root@localhost ~]# ls /root/

anaconda-ks.cfg ?-D ? ? ? gztext.txt ? ? ? ? install.log ? ? ? ? lianxi

-d ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Desktop ?gztext.txt.tar.gz ?install.log.syslog ?mail.tar.gz

30,把/etc/mail打包并壓縮到/root/mail.tar.bz2

[root@localhost ~]# tar jcf /root/mail.tar.bz2 /etc/mail

[root@localhost ~]# ls /root/

anaconda-ks.cfg ?-D ? ? ? gztext.txt ? ? ? ? install.log ? ? ? ? lianxi

-d ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Desktop ?gztext.txt.tar.gz ?install.log.syslog ?mail.tar.bz2

31.將mail.tar.gz解壓到/tmp下，遞歸查看/tmp/etc下的內容，然后刪除/tmp/etc目錄

[root@localhost ~]# tar -zxf mail.tar.gz -C /tmp/

遞歸查看/tmp/etc

[root@localhost ~]# ls -R /tmp/

/tmp/etc:

mail

/tmp/etc/mail:

access ? ? ? ? ?helpfile ? ? ? ? ?Makefile ? ? submit.mc

access.db ? ? ? local-host-names ?sendmail.cf ?trusted-users

domaintable ? ? mailertable ? ? ? sendmail.mc ?virtusertable

domaintable.db ?mailertable.db ? ?submit.cf ? ?virtusertable.db

[root@localhost ~]# rm -rf /tmp/etc/

[root@localhost ~]# ls -R /tmp/

/tmp/:

file13.txt ?file2.txt ?fileab.txt ?scim-bridge-0.3.0.lockfile-0@localhost:0.0

file1.txt ? file3.txt ?filea.txt

32.分別查看mail.tar.gz與mail.tar.bz2文件里面內容

[root@localhost ~]# file mail.tar.gz

mail.tar.gz: gzip compressed data, from Unix, last modified: Sun Jul ?6 19:38:22 2014

[root@localhost ~]# file mail.tar.bz2

mail.tar.bz2: bzip2 compressed data, block size = 900k

33.

創建賬戶

student

stu01，宿主目錄設為/opt/stu01

[root@localhost ~]# useradd ?-d /opt/stu01 stu01

stu02，uid為10001，賬戶在2015-06-30號過期，基本組設為stu01

[root@localhost ~]# useradd -u 10002 -g stu01 -e 2015-06-30 stu02

sys01，不用于登錄

[root@localhost ~]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin sys01

sys02，不創建宿主目錄

[root@localhost ~]# useradd -M sys02

33.查看/etc/passwd文件的第一行

[root@localhost ~]# head -1 /etc/passwd

root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

34.查看/etc/shadow文件的第一行

[root@localhost ~]# head -1 /etc/shadow

root:$1$1FskXDzB$KJvDMEmf8TKu18qJvd2nO0:16247:0:99999:7:::

35.針對student操作

設置密碼為123456，然后用student登錄自己修改密碼

[root@localhost ~]# passwd student

Changing password for user student.

New UNIX password:

BAD PASSWORD: it is too simplistic/systematic

Retype new UNIX password:

passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

清空student的密碼，查看/etc/shadow里面與student相關的內容

清空前

[root@localhost ~]# grep student /etc/shadow

student:$1$dgLGRByb$xJrSGtmn7MSWlhA6zqMbR1:16257:0:99999:7:::

清空后

[root@localhost ~]# passwd -d student

Removing password for user student.

passwd: Success

[root@localhost ~]# grep student /etc/shadow

student::16257:0:99999:7:::

36.手動創建用戶的過程 (禁止useradd)

1)、/etc/passwd

/etc/shadow

/etc/group

/etc/gshadow

2)、/home/xxxx

3)、/var/spool/mail/xxxx

4)、/etc/skel/.*

5)、權限

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/passwd

yang:x:10005:10005::/homeyang:bin/bash

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/shadow

yang:!!:16258:0:99999:7:::

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/group

yang:x:10005:

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/gshadow

yang:!::

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /home/yang

[root@weiliyang weiliyang]# touch /var/spool/mail/yang

37.為虛擬機添加一塊80GB、SCSI接口的硬盤

劃分2個20GB的主分區，剩余作為擴展分區

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sdb

Disk /dev/sdb: 85.8 GB, 85899345920 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 10443 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Disk /dev/sdb doesn't contain a valid partition table

fdisk /dev/sdb

按n鍵添加分區

Command (m for help): n

Command action????? ? (e為交換分區，p為主分區)

e ? extended

p ? primary partition (1-4)

p

Partition number (1-4): 3 ?(輸入分區編號)

First cylinder (4867-10443, default 4867): (規劃分區大小)

Using default value 4867

Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (4867-10443, default 10443): +20g

38.添加交換分區

Command (m for help): n

Command action

e ? extended

p ? primary partition (1-4)

e

Selected partition 4

First cylinder (7300-10443, default 7300):

Using default value 7300

Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (7300-10443, default 10443):

Using default value 10443

p查看分區列表

Device Boot ? ? ?Start ? ? ? ? End ? ? ?Blocks ? Id ?System

/dev/sdb1 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 1 ? ? ? ?2433 ? ?19543041 ? 83 ?Linux

/dev/sdb2 ? ? ? ? ? ?2434 ? ? ? ?4866 ? ?19543072+ ?83 ?Linux

/dev/sdb3 ? ? ? ? ? ?4867 ? ? ? 10443 ? ?44797252+ ? 5 ?Extended

/dev/sdb5 ? ? ? ? ? ?4867 ? ? ? ?7299 ? ?19543041 ? 83 ?Linux

/dev/sdb6 ? ? ? ? ? ?7300 ? ? ? ?8516 ? ? 9775521 ? 83 ?Linux

39.將第一個邏輯分區類型改為swap(id=82)

Command (m for help): t

Partition number (1-6): 5

Hex code (type L to list codes): 82

Changed system type of partition 5 to 82 (Linux swap / Solaris)

40.將第二個邏輯分區類型改為vfat(id=b或c)

Command (m for help): t

Partition number (1-6): 6

Hex code (type L to list codes): b

Changed system type of partition 6 to b (W95 FAT32)

41.按w保存退出

Command (m for help): w

The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

WARNING: If you have created or modified any DOS 6.x

partitions, please see the fdisk manual page for additional

information.

Syncing disks.

42.使用partprobe更新分區表【最好是重啟一次】

[root@localhost ~]# partprobe

[root@localhost ~]#

43.將/dev/sdb1格式化成ext3分區

[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb1

mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)

Filesystem label=

OS type: Linux

Block size=4096 (log=2)

Fragment size=4096 (log=2)

2443200 inodes, 4885760 blocks

244288 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user

First data block=0

Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296

150 block groups

32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group

16288 inodes per group

Superblock backups stored on blocks:

32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,

4096000

Writing inode tables: done

Creating journal (32768 blocks): done

Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 39 mounts or

180 days, whichever comes first. ?Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

44.將/dev/sdb6格式化成FAT32分區

[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.vfat /dev/sdb6

mkfs.vfat 2.11 (12 Mar 2005)

45.將/dev/sdb1掛載到/mnt/part1，在這個掛載目錄新建一個file.txt文件和一個now的目錄

[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/part1/

[root@localhost ~]# mount|grep sdb1

/dev/sdb1 on /mnt/part1 type ext3 (rw)

在/mnt/part1/下建立一個新的測試文件并查看

[root@localhost ~]# touch /mnt/part1/file.txt

[root@localhost ~]# ls /mnt/part1/

file.txt ?lost+found

46.分別卸載/dev/sdb1、/dev/sdb6

[root@localhost ~]# umount /dev/sdb1

[root@localhost ~]# umount /dev/sdb6

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