JAVA WEB篇1——初識JAVAWEB

JavaWeb主要指使用Java語言進行動態Web資源開發技術的統稱，是解決相關Web互聯網領域的技術總和

1、Http協議

• HTTP協議（HyperText Transfer Protocol，超文本傳輸協議）是由W3C（萬維網聯盟）組織制定 的一種應用層協議，是用來規范瀏覽器與Web服務器之間如何通訊的數據格式，主要涉及瀏覽器 的發請求格式和服務器的響應格式
• HTTP協議通常承載于TCP協議之上，而承載于TLS或SSL協議層之上的協議就是常說的HTTPS協 議
• HTTP默認的端口號為80，HTTPS默認的端口號為443

1.1、Http請求格式

請求行請求類型 請求的路徑 協議的版本(1.1) 請求頭主機 請求長度 請求的瀏覽器相關信息 空白行（一個空行） 請求體也叫請求數據，可以添加任意的其他數據 POST /task01_demo01/demo1.html HTTP/1.1 Host: localhost:8088 Content-Length: 21 Cache-Control: max-age=0 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) name=scott&pwd=123456

1.2、Http響應數據

響應行協議的版本(1.0 1.1) 狀態碼 (200 成功 404 路徑錯誤 500 服務錯誤) 狀態信息 響應頭說明客戶端要使用的一些附加信息，格式（key:value） 空白行（一個空行） 響應體服務器返回給客戶端的文本信息

2、Tomcat

2.1、下載

Tomcat官網https://tomcat.apache.org/download-90.cgi

Tomcat 百度云：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1iEEptTiPXPLls3wBpSUg1g提取碼：gv2h

解壓到想安裝的目錄

添加環境變量

添加CATALINA_BASE變量

CATALINA_BASE D:\apache-tomcat-9.0.31

添加CATALINA_HOME變量

CATALINA_HOME D:\apache-tomcat-9.0.31

添加到PATH變量

%CATALINA_HOME%\bin;%CATALINA_HOME%\lib

2.2、卸載

刪除目錄，變量即可

2.3、啟動

雙擊運行即可

2.4、問題

2.4.1、亂碼

打開配置文件

apache-tomcat-9.0.31\conf\logging.properties

修改配置

# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more # contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with # this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. # The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0 # (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with # the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at # # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and # limitations under the License.handlers = 1catalina.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler, 2localhost.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler, 3manager.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler, 4host-manager.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler, java.util.logging.ConsoleHandler.handlers = 1catalina.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler, java.util.logging.ConsoleHandler############################################################ # Handler specific properties. # Describes specific configuration info for Handlers. ############################################################1catalina.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.level = FINE 1catalina.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.directory = ${catalina.base}/logs 1catalina.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.prefix = catalina. 1catalina.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.encoding = UTF-82localhost.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.level = FINE 2localhost.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.directory = ${catalina.base}/logs 2localhost.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.prefix = localhost. 2localhost.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.encoding = UTF-83manager.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.level = FINE 3manager.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.directory = ${catalina.base}/logs 3manager.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.prefix = manager. 3manager.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.encoding = UTF-84host-manager.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.level = FINE 4host-manager.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.directory = ${catalina.base}/logs 4host-manager.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.prefix = host-manager. 4host-manager.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.encoding = UTF-8java.util.logging.ConsoleHandler.level = FINE java.util.logging.ConsoleHandler.formatter = org.apache.juli.OneLineFormatter java.util.logging.ConsoleHandler.encoding = GBK############################################################ # Facility specific properties. # Provides extra control for each logger. ############################################################org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.[Catalina].[localhost].level = INFO org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.[Catalina].[localhost].handlers = 2localhost.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandlerorg.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.[Catalina].[localhost].[/manager].level = INFO org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.[Catalina].[localhost].[/manager].handlers = 3manager.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandlerorg.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.[Catalina].[localhost].[/host-manager].level = INFO org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.[Catalina].[localhost].[/host-manager].handlers = 4host-manager.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler# For example, set the org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase logger to log # each component that extends LifecycleBase changing state: #org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.level = FINE# To see debug messages in TldLocationsCache, uncomment the following line: #org.apache.jasper.compiler.TldLocationsCache.level = FINE# To see debug messages for HTTP/2 handling, uncomment the following line: #org.apache.coyote.http2.level = FINE# To see debug messages for WebSocket handling, uncomment the following line: #org.apache.tomcat.websocket.level = FINE

2.4.2、黑窗一閃而過

沒有正確配置JAVA_HOME環境變量

2.5、啟動報錯

2.5.1、暴力

找到占用的端口號，并且找到對應的進程，殺死該進程

netstat -ano

2.5.2、溫柔：修改自身的端口號

進入conf/server.xml

<Connector port="8888" protocol="HTTP/1.1" onnectionTimeout="20000" redirectPort="8445" />

一般會將tomcat的默認端口號修改為80,80端口號是http協議的默認端口號,在訪問時，就不用輸入端口號

2.6、配置項目

2.6.1、直接將項目放到webapps目錄下即可。

/hello：項目的訪問路徑–>虛擬目錄

簡化部署：將項目打成一個war包，再將war包放置到webapps目錄下，war包會自動解壓縮

2.6.2、配置conf/server.xml文件

在標簽體中配置

``` docBase:項目存放的路徑 path：虛擬目錄 ```

2.6.3、在conf\Catalina\localhost創建任意名稱的xml文件。在文件中編寫

<Context docBase="D:\hello" /> 虛擬目錄：xml文件的名稱

3、IDEA集成Tomcat

3.1、打開IDEA，run—>edit configurations

3.2、添加tomcat server

3.3、創建項目

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