spring共四天
第一天：spring框架的概述以及spring中基于XML的IOC配置
第二天：spring中基于注解的IOC和ioc的案例
第三天：spring中的aop和基于XML以及注解的AOP配置
第四天：spring中的JdbcTemlate以及Spring事務(wù)控制
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1、spring的概述spring是什么spring的兩大核心spring的發(fā)展歷程和優(yōu)勢spring體系結(jié)構(gòu)
2、程序的耦合及解耦曾經(jīng)案例中問題工廠模式解耦
3、IOC概念和spring中的IOCspring中基于XML的IOC環(huán)境搭建
4、依賴注入（Dependency Injection）
1 Spring第一天 1.1 程序耦合問題
package com.iteima.jdbc;import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;/*** 程序的耦合* 耦合：程序間的依賴關(guān)系* 包括：* 類之間的依賴* 方法間的依賴* 解耦：* 降低程序間的依賴關(guān)系* 實際開發(fā)中：* 應(yīng)該做到：編譯期不依賴，運行時才依賴* 解耦的思路：* 第一步：使用反射來創(chuàng)建對象，而避免使用new關(guān)鍵字* 第二步：通過讀取配置文件來獲取要創(chuàng)建的對象全限定類名*/
public class JdbcDemo1 {public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {//1.注冊驅(qū)動
// DriverManager.registerDriver(new com.mysql.jdbc.Driver());Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");//2.獲取連接Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/eesy", "root", "1234");//3.獲取操作數(shù)據(jù)庫的預(yù)處理對象PreparedStatement pstm = conn.prepareStatement("select * from account");//4.執(zhí)行SQL，得到結(jié)果集ResultSet rs = pstm.executeQuery();//5.遍歷結(jié)果集while(rs.next()) {System.out.println(rs.getString("name"));}//6.釋放資源rs.close();pstm.close();conn.close();}
}
1.2 解耦
package com.itheima.dao;/*** 賬戶的持久層接口*/
public interface IAccountDao {/*** 模擬保存賬戶*/void saveAccount();
}
package com.itheima.dao.impl;import com.itheima.dao.IAccountDao;/*** 賬戶的持久層實現(xiàn)類*/
public class AccountDaoImpl implements IAccountDao {public void saveAccount() {System.out.println("保存了賬戶");}
}
package com.itheima.service;/*** 賬戶業(yè)務(wù)層的接口*/
public interface IAccountService {/*** 模擬保存賬戶*/void saveAccount();
}
package com.itheima.service.impl;import com.itheima.dao.IAccountDao;
import com.itheima.factory.BeanFactory;
import com.itheima.service.IAccountService;/*** 賬戶的業(yè)務(wù)層實現(xiàn)類*/
public class AccountServiceImpl implements IAccountService {
// private IAccountDao accountDao = new AccountDaoImpl();private IAccountDao accountDao = (IAccountDao)BeanFactory.getBean("accountDao");
// private int i = 1;public void saveAccount() {int i = 1;accountDao.saveAccount();System.out.println(i);i++;}
}
package com.itheima.ui;import com.itheima.factory.BeanFactory;
import com.itheima.service.IAccountService;/*** 模擬一個表現(xiàn)層，用于調(diào)用業(yè)務(wù)層*/
public class Client {public static void main(String[] args) {//IAccountService as = new AccountServiceImpl();for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {IAccountService as = (IAccountService) BeanFactory.getBean("accountService");System.out.println(as);as.saveAccount();}}
}
package com.itheima.factory;import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Properties;/*** 一個創(chuàng)建Bean對象的工廠* Bean：在計算機英語中，有可重用組件的含義* JavaBean：用java語言編寫的可重用組件* javabean > 實體類* 它就是創(chuàng)建我們的service和dao對象的* 第一個：需要一個配置文件來配置我們的service和dao* 配置的內(nèi)容：唯一標識=全限定類名（key=value)* 第二個：通過讀取配置文件中配置的內(nèi)容，反射創(chuàng)建對象* 我的配置文件可以是xml也可以是properties*/
public class BeanFactory {//定義一個Properties對象private static Properties props;//定義一個Map，用于存放我們要創(chuàng)建的對象，我們把它稱之為容器private static Map<String, Object> beans;//使用靜態(tài)代碼塊為Properties對象賦值static {try {//實例化對象props = new Properties();//獲取properties文件的流對象InputStream in = BeanFactory.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("bean.properties");props.load(in);//實例化容器beans = new HashMap<String, Object>();//取出配置文件中所有的KeyEnumeration keys = props.keys();//遍歷枚舉while (keys.hasMoreElements()) {//取出每個KeyString key = keys.nextElement().toString();//根據(jù)key獲取valueString beanPath = props.getProperty(key);//反射創(chuàng)建對象Object value = Class.forName(beanPath).newInstance();//把key和value存入容器中beans.put(key, value);}} catch (Exception e) {throw new ExceptionInInitializerError("初始化properties失敗！");}}/*** 根據(jù)bean的名稱獲取對象*/public static Object getBean(String beanName) {return beans.get(beanName);}/*** 根據(jù)Bean的名稱獲取bean對象public static Object getBean(String beanName) {Object bean = null;try {String beanPath = props.getProperty(beanName);
// System.out.println(beanPath);bean = Class.forName(beanPath).newInstance();//每次都會調(diào)用默認構(gòu)造函數(shù)創(chuàng)建對象} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}return bean;}*/
}
accountService=com.itheima.service.impl.AccountServiceImpl
accountDao=com.itheima.dao.impl.AccountDaoImpl
1.3 IOC
package com.itheima.dao;/*** 賬戶的持久層接口*/
public interface IAccountDao {/*** 模擬保存賬戶*/void saveAccount();
}
package com.itheima.dao.impl;import com.itheima.dao.IAccountDao;/*** 賬戶的持久層實現(xiàn)類*/
public class AccountDaoImpl implements IAccountDao {public void saveAccount(){System.out.println("保存了賬戶");}
}
package com.itheima.service;/*** 賬戶業(yè)務(wù)層的接口*/
public interface IAccountService {/*** 模擬保存賬戶*/void saveAccount();
}
package com.itheima.service.impl;import com.itheima.dao.IAccountDao;
import com.itheima.service.IAccountService;/*** 賬戶的業(yè)務(wù)層實現(xiàn)類*/
public class AccountServiceImpl implements IAccountService {private IAccountDao accountDao ;public AccountServiceImpl(){System.out.println("對象創(chuàng)建了");}public void saveAccount(){accountDao.saveAccount();}
}
package com.itheima.ui;import com.itheima.dao.IAccountDao;
import com.itheima.service.IAccountService;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;/*** 模擬一個表現(xiàn)層，用于調(diào)用業(yè)務(wù)層*/
public class Client {/*** 獲取spring的Ioc核心容器，并根據(jù)id獲取對象* ApplicationContext的三個常用實現(xiàn)類：* ClassPathXmlApplicationContext：它可以加載類路徑下的配置文件，要求配置文件必須在類路徑下，不在的話，加載不了，（更常用）* FileSystemXmlApplicationContext：它可以加載磁盤任意路徑下的配置文件（必須有訪問權(quán)限）* AnnotationConfigApplicationContext：它是用于讀取注解創(chuàng)建容器的，是明天的內(nèi)容* 核心容器的兩個接口引發(fā)出的問題：* ApplicationContext: 單例對象適用 采用此接口* 它在構(gòu)建核心容器時，創(chuàng)建對象采取的策略是采用立即加載的方式，也就是說，只要一讀取完配置文件馬上就創(chuàng)建配置文件中配置的對象* BeanFactory: 多例對象使用* 它在構(gòu)建核心容器時，創(chuàng)建對象采取的策略是采用延遲加載的方式，也就是說，什么時候根據(jù)id獲取對象了，什么時候才真正的創(chuàng)建對象*/public static void main(String[] args) {//1.獲取核心容器對象ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean.xml");
// ApplicationContext ac = new FileSystemXmlApplicationContext("C:UserszhyDesktopbean.xml");//2.根據(jù)id獲取Bean對象IAccountService as = (IAccountService)ac.getBean("accountService");IAccountDao adao = ac.getBean("accountDao",IAccountDao.class);System.out.println(as);System.out.println(adao);as.saveAccount();//--------BeanFactory----------
// Resource resource = new ClassPathResource("bean.xml");
// BeanFactory factory = new XmlBeanFactory(resource);
// IAccountService as = (IAccountService)factory.getBean("accountService");
// System.out.println(as);}
}
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beanshttp://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"><!--把對象的創(chuàng)建交給spring來管理--><bean id="accountService" class="com.itheima.service.impl.AccountServiceImpl"></bean><bean id="accountDao" class="com.itheima.dao.impl.AccountDaoImpl"></bean>
</beans>
1.4 Spring三種創(chuàng)建Bean的方式
package com.itheima.service;/*** 賬戶業(yè)務(wù)層的接口*/
public interface IAccountService {/*** 模擬保存賬戶*/void saveAccount();
}
package com.itheima.service.impl;import com.itheima.service.IAccountService;/*** 賬戶的業(yè)務(wù)層實現(xiàn)類*/
public class AccountServiceImpl implements IAccountService {public AccountServiceImpl() {System.out.println("對象創(chuàng)建了");}public void saveAccount() {System.out.println("service中的saveAccount方法執(zhí)行了。。。");}public void init() {System.out.println("對象初始化了。。。");}public void destroy() {System.out.println("對象銷毀了。。。");}
}
package com.itheima.factory;import com.itheima.service.IAccountService;
import com.itheima.service.impl.AccountServiceImpl;/*** 模擬一個工廠類（該類可能是存在于jar包中的，我們無法通過修改源碼的方式來提供默認構(gòu)造函數(shù)）*/
public class StaticFactory {public static IAccountService getAccountService() {return new AccountServiceImpl();}
}
package com.itheima.factory;import com.itheima.service.IAccountService;
import com.itheima.service.impl.AccountServiceImpl;/*** 模擬一個工廠類（該類可能是存在于jar包中的，我們無法通過修改源碼的方式來提供默認構(gòu)造函數(shù)）*/
public class InstanceFactory {public IAccountService getAccountService() {return new AccountServiceImpl();}
}
package com.itheima.ui;import com.itheima.service.IAccountService;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;/*** 模擬一個表現(xiàn)層，用于調(diào)用業(yè)務(wù)層*/
public class Client {public static void main(String[] args) {//1.獲取核心容器對象
// ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean.xml");ClassPathXmlApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean.xml");//2.根據(jù)id獲取Bean對象IAccountService as = (IAccountService)ac.getBean("accountService");as.saveAccount();//手動關(guān)閉容器ac.close();}
}
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beanshttp://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"><!--把對象的創(chuàng)建交給spring來管理--><!--spring對bean的管理細節(jié)1.創(chuàng)建bean的三種方式2.bean對象的作用范圍3.bean對象的生命周期--><!--創(chuàng)建Bean的三種方式 --><!-- 第一種方式：使用默認構(gòu)造函數(shù)創(chuàng)建。在spring的配置文件中使用bean標簽，配以id和class屬性之后，且沒有其他屬性和標簽時。采用的就是默認構(gòu)造函數(shù)創(chuàng)建bean對象，此時如果類中沒有默認構(gòu)造函數(shù)，則對象無法創(chuàng)建。<bean id="accountService" class="com.itheima.service.impl.AccountServiceImpl"></bean>--><!-- 第二種方式： 使用普通工廠中的方法創(chuàng)建對象（使用某個類中的方法創(chuàng)建對象，并存入spring容器）<bean id="instanceFactory" class="com.itheima.factory.InstanceFactory"></bean><bean id="accountService" factory-bean="instanceFactory" factory-method="getAccountService"></bean>--><!-- 第三種方式：使用工廠中的靜態(tài)方法創(chuàng)建對象（使用某個類中的靜態(tài)方法創(chuàng)建對象，并存入spring容器)<bean id="accountService" class="com.itheima.factory.StaticFactory" factory-method="getAccountService"></bean>--><!-- bean的作用范圍調(diào)整bean標簽的scope屬性：作用：用于指定bean的作用范圍取值：常用的就是單例的和多例的singleton：單例的（默認值）prototype：多例的request：作用于web應(yīng)用的請求范圍session：作用于web應(yīng)用的會話范圍global-session：作用于集群環(huán)境的會話范圍（全局會話范圍），當不是集群環(huán)境時，它就是session<bean id="accountService" class="com.itheima.service.impl.AccountServiceImpl" scope="prototype"></bean>--><!-- bean對象的生命周期單例對象出生：當容器創(chuàng)建時對象出生活著：只要容器還在，對象一直活著死亡：容器銷毀，對象消亡總結(jié)：單例對象的生命周期和容器相同多例對象出生：當我們使用對象時spring框架為我們創(chuàng)建活著：對象只要是在使用過程中就一直活著。死亡：當對象長時間不用，且沒有別的對象引用時，由Java的垃圾回收器回收--><bean id="accountService" class="com.itheima.service.impl.AccountServiceImpl"scope="prototype" init-method="init" destroy-method="destroy"></bean>
</beans>
1.5 Spring依賴注入
package com.itheima.service.impl;import com.itheima.service.IAccountService;
import java.util.Date;/*** 賬戶的業(yè)務(wù)層實現(xiàn)類*/
public class AccountServiceImpl implements IAccountService {//如果是經(jīng)常變化的數(shù)據(jù)，并不適用于注入的方式private String name;private Integer age;private Date birthday;public AccountServiceImpl(String name, Integer age, Date birthday) {this.name = name;this.age = age;this.birthday = birthday;}public void saveAccount() {System.out.println("service中的saveAccount方法執(zhí)行了。。。" + name + "," + age + "," + birthday);}
}
AccountServiceImpl2.java； package com.itheima.service.impl;import com.itheima.service.IAccountService;
import java.util.Date;/*** 賬戶的業(yè)務(wù)層實現(xiàn)類*/
public class AccountServiceImpl2 implements IAccountService {//如果是經(jīng)常變化的數(shù)據(jù)，并不適用于注入的方式private String name;private Integer age;private Date birthday;public void setName(String name) {this.name = name;}public void setAge(Integer age) {this.age = age;}public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {this.birthday = birthday;}public void saveAccount() {System.out.println("service中的saveAccount方法執(zhí)行了。。。" + name + "," + age + "," + birthday);}
}
AccountServiceImpl3.java； package com.itheima.service.impl;import com.itheima.service.IAccountService;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Properties;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.Map;/*** 賬戶的業(yè)務(wù)層實現(xiàn)類*/
public class AccountServiceImpl3 implements IAccountService {private String[] myStrs;private List<String> myList;private Set<String> mySet;private Map<String, String> myMap;private Properties myProps;public void setMyStrs(String[] myStrs) {this.myStrs = myStrs;}public void setMyList(List<String> myList) {this.myList = myList;}public void setMySet(Set<String> mySet) {this.mySet = mySet;}public void setMyMap(Map<String, String> myMap) {this.myMap = myMap;}public void setMyProps(Properties myProps) {this.myProps = myProps;}public void saveAccount(){System.out.println(Arrays.toString(myStrs));System.out.println(myList);System.out.println(mySet);System.out.println(myMap);System.out.println(myProps);}
}
package com.itheima.service;/*** 賬戶業(yè)務(wù)層的接口*/
public interface IAccountService {/*** 模擬保存賬戶*/void saveAccount();
}
package com.itheima.ui;import com.itheima.service.IAccountService;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;/*** 模擬一個表現(xiàn)層，用于調(diào)用業(yè)務(wù)層*/
public class Client {public static void main(String[] args) {//1.獲取核心容器對象ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean.xml");//2.根據(jù)id獲取Bean對象
// IAccountService as = (IAccountService)ac.getBean("accountService");
// as.saveAccount();
// IAccountService as = (IAccountService)ac.getBean("accountService2");
// as.saveAccount();IAccountService as = (IAccountService)ac.getBean("accountService3");as.saveAccount();}
}
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beanshttp://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"><!-- spring中的依賴注入依賴注入：Dependency InjectionIOC的作用：降低程序間的耦合（依賴關(guān)系）依賴關(guān)系的管理：以后都交給spring來維護在當前類需要用到其他類的對象，由spring為我們提供，我們只需要在配置文件中說明依賴關(guān)系的維護：就稱之為依賴注入依賴注入：能注入的數(shù)據(jù)：有三類基本類型和String其他bean類型（在配置文件中或者注解配置過的bean）復(fù)雜類型/集合類型注入的方式：有三種第一種：使用構(gòu)造函數(shù)提供第二種：使用set方法提供第三種：使用注解提供（明天的內(nèi)容）--><!--構(gòu)造函數(shù)注入：使用的標簽:constructor-arg標簽出現(xiàn)的位置：bean標簽的內(nèi)部標簽中的屬性type：用于指定要注入的數(shù)據(jù)的數(shù)據(jù)類型，該數(shù)據(jù)類型也是構(gòu)造函數(shù)中某個或某些參數(shù)的類型index：用于指定要注入的數(shù)據(jù)給構(gòu)造函數(shù)中指定索引位置的參數(shù)賦值。索引的位置是從0開始name：用于指定給構(gòu)造函數(shù)中指定名稱的參數(shù)賦值 常用的=============以上三個用于指定給構(gòu)造函數(shù)中哪個參數(shù)賦值===============================value：用于提供基本類型和String類型的數(shù)據(jù)ref：用于指定其他的bean類型數(shù)據(jù)，它指的就是在spring的Ioc核心容器中出現(xiàn)過的bean對象優(yōu)勢：在獲取bean對象時，注入數(shù)據(jù)是必須的操作，否則對象無法創(chuàng)建成功弊端：改變了bean對象的實例化方式，使我們在創(chuàng)建對象時，如果用不到這些數(shù)據(jù)，也必須提供--><bean id="accountService" class="com.itheima.service.impl.AccountServiceImpl"><constructor-arg name="name" value="泰斯特"></constructor-arg><constructor-arg name="age" value="18"></constructor-arg><constructor-arg name="birthday" ref="now"></constructor-arg></bean><!-- 配置一個日期對象 --><bean id="now" class="java.util.Date"></bean><!-- set方法注入 更常用的方式涉及的標簽：property出現(xiàn)的位置：bean標簽的內(nèi)部標簽的屬性name：用于指定注入時所調(diào)用的set方法名稱value：用于提供基本類型和String類型的數(shù)據(jù)ref：用于指定其他的bean類型數(shù)據(jù)。它指的就是在spring的Ioc核心容器中出現(xiàn)過的bean對象優(yōu)勢：創(chuàng)建對象時沒有明確的限制，可以直接使用默認構(gòu)造函數(shù)弊端：如果有某個成員必須有值，則獲取對象是有可能set方法沒有執(zhí)行--><bean id="accountService2" class="com.itheima.service.impl.AccountServiceImpl2"><property name="name" value="TEST" ></property><property name="age" value="21"></property><property name="birthday" ref="now"></property></bean><!-- 復(fù)雜類型的注入/集合類型的注入用于給List結(jié)構(gòu)集合注入的標簽：list array set用于個Map結(jié)構(gòu)集合注入的標簽:map props結(jié)構(gòu)相同，標簽可以互換--><bean id="accountService3" class="com.itheima.service.impl.AccountServiceImpl3"><property name="myStrs"><set><value>AAA</value><value>BBB</value><value>CCC</value></set></property><property name="myList"><array><value>AAA</value><value>BBB</value><value>CCC</value></array></property><property name="mySet"><list><value>AAA</value><value>BBB</value><value>CCC</value></list></property><property name="myMap"><props><prop key="testC">ccc</prop><prop key="testD">ddd</prop></props></property><property name="myProps"><map><entry key="testA" value="aaa"></entry><entry key="testB"><value>BBB</value></entry></map></property></bean>
</beans>spring第二天：spring基于注解的IOC以及IoC的案例
1、spring中ioc的常用注解
2、案例使用xml方式和注解方式實現(xiàn)單表的CRUD操作持久層技術(shù)選擇：dbutils
3、改造基于注解的ioc案例，使用純注解的方式實現(xiàn)spring的一些新注解使用
4、spring和Junit整合
2 第二天 2.1 注解IOC
package com.itheima.dao;/*** 賬戶的持久層接口*/
public interface IAccountDao {/*** 模擬保存賬戶*/void saveAccount();
}
package com.itheima.dao.impl;import com.itheima.dao.IAccountDao;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;/*** 賬戶的持久層實現(xiàn)類*/
@Repository("accountDao1")
public class AccountDaoImpl implements IAccountDao {public void saveAccount() {System.out.println("保存了賬戶1111111111111");}
}
package com.itheima.dao.impl;import com.itheima.dao.IAccountDao;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;/*** 賬戶的持久層實現(xiàn)類*/
@Repository("accountDao2")
public class AccountDaoImpl2 implements IAccountDao {public void saveAccount() {System.out.println("保存了賬戶2222222222222");}
}
package com.itheima.service;/*** 賬戶業(yè)務(wù)層的接口*/
public interface IAccountService {/*** 模擬保存賬戶*/void saveAccount();
}
package com.itheima.service.impl;import com.itheima.dao.IAccountDao;
import com.itheima.service.IAccountService;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
import javax.annotation.PreDestroy;
import javax.annotation.Resource;/*** 賬戶的業(yè)務(wù)層實現(xiàn)類* 曾經(jīng)XML的配置：* <bean id="accountService" class="com.itheima.service.impl.AccountServiceImpl"* scope="" init-method="" destroy-method="">* <property name="" value="" | ref=""></property>* </bean>** 用于創(chuàng)建對象的* 他們的作用就和在XML配置文件中編寫一個<bean>標簽實現(xiàn)的功能是一樣的* Component:* 作用：用于把當前類對象存入spring容器中* 屬性：* value：用于指定bean的id，當我們不寫時，它的默認值是當前類名，且首字母改小寫* Controller：一般用在表現(xiàn)層* Service：一般用在業(yè)務(wù)層* Repository：一般用在持久層* 以上三個注解他們的作用和屬性與Component是一模一樣* 他們?nèi)齻€是spring框架為我們提供明確的三層使用的注解，使我們的三層對象更加清晰** 用于注入數(shù)據(jù)的* 他們的作用就和在xml配置文件中的bean標簽中寫一個<property>標簽的作用是一樣的* Autowired:* 作用：自動按照類型注入。只要容器中有唯一的一個bean對象類型和要注入的變量類型匹配，就可以注入成功* 如果ioc容器中沒有任何bean的類型和要注入的變量類型匹配，則報錯* 如果Ioc容器中有多個類型匹配時：* 出現(xiàn)位置：* 可以是變量上，也可以是方法上* 細節(jié)：* 在使用注解注入時，set方法就不是必須的了* Qualifier:* 作用：在按照類中注入的基礎(chǔ)之上再按照名稱注入，它在給類成員注入時不能單獨使用。但是在給方法參數(shù)注入時可以（稍后我們講）* 屬性：* value：用于指定注入bean的id* Resource* 作用：直接按照bean的id注入，它可以獨立使用* 屬性：* name：用于指定bean的id* 以上三個注入都只能注入其他bean類型的數(shù)據(jù)，而基本類型和String類型無法使用上述注解實現(xiàn)* 另外，集合類型的注入只能通過XML來實現(xiàn)** Value* 作用：用于注入基本類型和String類型的數(shù)據(jù)* 屬性：* value：用于指定數(shù)據(jù)的值，它可以使用spring中SpEL(也就是spring的el表達式）* SpEL的寫法：${表達式}** 用于改變作用范圍的* 他們的作用就和在bean標簽中使用scope屬性實現(xiàn)的功能是一樣的* Scope* 作用：用于指定bean的作用范圍* 屬性：* value：指定范圍的取值，常用取值：singleton prototype** 和生命周期相關(guān) 了解* 他們的作用就和在bean標簽中使用init-method和destroy-methode的作用是一樣的* PreDestroy* 作用：用于指定銷毀方法* PostConstruct* 作用：用于指定初始化方法*/
@Service("accountService")
//@Scope("prototype")
public class AccountServiceImpl implements IAccountService {// @Autowired
// @Qualifier("accountDao1")@Resource(name = "accountDao2")private IAccountDao accountDao = null;@PostConstructpublic void init() {System.out.println("初始化方法執(zhí)行了");}@PreDestroypublic void destroy() {System.out.println("銷毀方法執(zhí)行了");}public void saveAccount() {accountDao.saveAccount();}
}
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beanshttp://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/contexthttp://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"><!--告知spring在創(chuàng)建容器時要掃描的包，配置所需要的標簽不是在beans的約束中，而是一個名稱為context名稱空間和約束中--><context:component-scan base-package="com.itheima"></context:component-scan>
</beans>
2.2 基于XML的IOC案例
package com.itheima.domain;import java.io.Serializable;/*** 賬戶的實體類*/
public class Account implements Serializable {private Integer id;private String name;private Float money;public Integer getId() {return id;}public void setId(Integer id) {this.id = id;}public String getName() {return name;}public void setName(String name) {this.name = name;}public Float getMoney() {return money;}public void setMoney(Float money) {this.money = money;}@Overridepublic String toString() {return "Account{" +"id=" + id +", name='" + name + ''' +", money=" + money +'}';}
}
package com.itheima.dao;import com.itheima.domain.Account;
import java.util.List;/*** 賬戶的持久層接口*/
public interface IAccountDao {List<Account> findAllAccount();Account findAccountById(Integer accountId);void saveAccount(Account account);void updateAccount(Account account);void deleteAccount(Integer acccountId);
}
package com.itheima.dao.impl;import com.itheima.dao.IAccountDao;
import com.itheima.domain.Account;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.BeanHandler;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.BeanListHandler;
import java.util.List;/*** 賬戶的持久層實現(xiàn)類*/
public class AccountDaoImpl implements IAccountDao {private QueryRunner runner;public void setRunner(QueryRunner runner) {this.runner = runner;}@Overridepublic List<Account> findAllAccount() {try{return runner.query("select * from account", new BeanListHandler<Account>(Account.class));}catch (Exception e) {throw new RuntimeException(e);}}@Overridepublic Account findAccountById(Integer accountId) {try{return runner.query("select * from account where id = ? ", new BeanHandler<Account>(Account.class),accountId);}catch (Exception e) {throw new RuntimeException(e);}}@Overridepublic void saveAccount(Account account) {try{runner.update("insert into account(name,money)values(?,?)", account.getName(), account.getMoney());}catch (Exception e) {throw new RuntimeException(e);}}@Overridepublic void updateAccount(Account account) {try{runner.update("update account set name=?,money=? where id=?", account.getName(), account.getMoney(), account.getId());}catch (Exception e) {throw new RuntimeException(e);}}@Overridepublic void deleteAccount(Integer accountId) {try{runner.update("delete from account where id=?", accountId);}catch (Exception e) {throw new RuntimeException(e);}}
}
package com.itheima.service;import com.itheima.domain.Account;
import java.util.List;/*** 賬戶的業(yè)務(wù)層接口*/
public interface IAccountService {List<Account> findAllAccount();Account findAccountById(Integer accountId);void saveAccount(Account account);void updateAccount(Account account);void deleteAccount(Integer acccountId);
}
package com.itheima.service.impl;import com.itheima.dao.IAccountDao;
import com.itheima.domain.Account;
import com.itheima.service.IAccountService;
import java.util.List;/*** 賬戶的業(yè)務(wù)層實現(xiàn)類*/
public class AccountServiceImpl implements IAccountService{private IAccountDao accountDao;public void setAccountDao(IAccountDao accountDao) {this.accountDao = accountDao;}@Overridepublic List<Account> findAllAccount() {return accountDao.findAllAccount();}@Overridepublic Account findAccountById(Integer accountId) {return accountDao.findAccountById(accountId);}@Overridepublic void saveAccount(Account account) {accountDao.saveAccount(account);}@Overridepublic void updateAccount(Account account) {accountDao.updateAccount(account);}@Overridepublic void deleteAccount(Integer acccountId) {accountDao.deleteAccount(acccountId);}
}
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beanshttp://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"><!-- 配置Service --><bean id="accountService" class="com.itheima.service.impl.AccountServiceImpl"><!-- 注入dao --><property name="accountDao" ref="accountDao"></property></bean><!--配置Dao對象--><bean id="accountDao" class="com.itheima.dao.impl.AccountDaoImpl"><!-- 注入QueryRunner --><property name="runner" ref="runner"></property></bean><!--配置QueryRunner--><bean id="runner" class="org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner" scope="prototype"><!--注入數(shù)據(jù)源--><constructor-arg name="ds" ref="dataSource"></constructor-arg></bean><!-- 配置數(shù)據(jù)源 --><bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource"><!--連接數(shù)據(jù)庫的必備信息--><property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></property><property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/eesy"></property><property name="user" value="root"></property><property name="password" value="1234"></property></bean>
</beans>
package com.itheima.test;import com.itheima.domain.Account;
import com.itheima.service.IAccountService;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import java.util.List;/*** 使用Junit單元測試：測試我們的配置*/
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:bean.xml")
public class AccountServiceTest {@Autowiredprivate IAccountService as;@Testpublic void testFindAll() {//3.執(zhí)行方法List<Account> accounts = as.findAllAccount();for(Account account : accounts) {System.out.println(account);}}@Testpublic void testFindOne() {//3.執(zhí)行方法Account account = as.findAccountById(1);System.out.println(account);}@Testpublic void testSave() {Account account = new Account();account.setName("test");account.setMoney(12345f);//3.執(zhí)行方法as.saveAccount(account);}@Testpublic void testUpdate() {//3.執(zhí)行方法Account account = as.findAccountById(4);account.setMoney(23456f);as.updateAccount(account);}@Testpublic void testDelete() {//3.執(zhí)行方法as.deleteAccount(4);}
}
2.3 基于注解的IOC
package com.itheima.domain;import java.io.Serializable;/*** 賬戶的實體類*/
public class Account implements Serializable {private Integer id;private String name;private Float money;public Integer getId() {return id;}public void setId(Integer id) {this.id = id;}public String getName() {return name;}public void setName(String name) {this.name = name;}public Float getMoney() {return money;}public void setMoney(Float money) {this.money = money;}@Overridepublic String toString() {return "Account{" +"id=" + id +", name='" + name + ''' +", money=" + money +'}';}
}
package com.itheima.dao;import com.itheima.domain.Account;
import java.util.List;/*** 賬戶的持久層接口*/
public interface IAccountDao {List<Account> findAllAccount();Account findAccountById(Integer accountId);void saveAccount(Account account);void updateAccount(Account account);void deleteAccount(Integer acccountId);
}
package com.itheima.dao.impl;import com.itheima.dao.IAccountDao;
import com.itheima.domain.Account;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.BeanHandler;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.BeanListHandler;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import java.util.List;/*** 賬戶的持久層實現(xiàn)類*/
@Repository("accountDao")
public class AccountDaoImpl implements IAccountDao {@Autowiredprivate QueryRunner runner;@Overridepublic List<Account> findAllAccount() {try{return runner.query("select * from account", new BeanListHandler<Account>(Account.class));}catch (Exception e) {throw new RuntimeException(e);}}@Overridepublic Account findAccountById(Integer accountId) {try{return runner.query("select * from account where id = ? ", new BeanHandler<Account>(Account.class), accountId);}catch (Exception e) {throw new RuntimeException(e);}}@Overridepublic void saveAccount(Account account) {try{runner.update("insert into account(name,money)values(?,?)", account.getName(), account.getMoney());}catch (Exception e) {throw new RuntimeException(e);}}@Overridepublic void updateAccount(Account account) {try{runner.update("update account set name=?,money=? where id=?", account.getName(), account.getMoney(), account.getId());}catch (Exception e) {throw new RuntimeException(e);}}@Overridepublic void deleteAccount(Integer accountId) {try{runner.update("delete from account where id=?", accountId);}catch (Exception e) {throw new RuntimeException(e);}}
}
package com.itheima.service;import com.itheima.domain.Account;
import java.util.List;/*** 賬戶的業(yè)務(wù)層接口*/
public interface IAccountService {List<Account> findAllAccount();Account findAccountById(Integer accountId);void saveAccount(Account account);void updateAccount(Account account);void deleteAccount(Integer acccountId);
}
package com.itheima.service.impl;import com.itheima.dao.IAccountDao;
import com.itheima.domain.Account;
import com.itheima.service.IAccountService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import java.util.List;/*** 賬戶的業(yè)務(wù)層實現(xiàn)類*/
@Service("accountService")
public class AccountServiceImpl implements IAccountService {@Autowiredprivate IAccountDao accountDao;@Overridepublic List<Account> findAllAccount() {return accountDao.findAllAccount();}@Overridepublic Account findAccountById(Integer accountId) {return accountDao.findAccountById(accountId);}@Overridepublic void saveAccount(Account account) {accountDao.saveAccount(account);}@Overridepublic void updateAccount(Account account) {accountDao.updateAccount(account);}@Overridepublic void deleteAccount(Integer acccountId) {accountDao.deleteAccount(acccountId);}
}
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beanshttp://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/contexthttp://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"><!-- 告知spring在創(chuàng)建容器時要掃描的包 --><context:component-scan base-package="com.itheima"></context:component-scan><!--配置QueryRunner--><bean id="runner" class="org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner" scope="prototype"><!--注入數(shù)據(jù)源--><constructor-arg name="ds" ref="dataSource"></constructor-arg></bean><!-- 配置數(shù)據(jù)源 --><bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource"><!--連接數(shù)據(jù)庫的必備信息--><property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></property><property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/eesy"></property><property name="user" value="root"></property><property name="password" value="1234"></property></bean>
</beans>
package com.itheima.test;import com.itheima.domain.Account;
import com.itheima.service.IAccountService;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import java.util.List;/*** 使用Junit單元測試：測試我們的配置*/
public class AccountServiceTest {@Testpublic void testFindAll() {//1.獲取容器ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean.xml");//2.得到業(yè)務(wù)層對象IAccountService as = ac.getBean("accountService", IAccountService.class);//3.執(zhí)行方法List<Account> accounts = as.findAllAccount();for(Account account : accounts){System.out.println(account);}}@Testpublic void testFindOne() {//1.獲取容器ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean.xml");//2.得到業(yè)務(wù)層對象IAccountService as = ac.getBean("accountService", IAccountService.class);//3.執(zhí)行方法Account account = as.findAccountById(1);System.out.println(account);}@Testpublic void testSave() {Account account = new Account();account.setName("test");account.setMoney(12345f);//1.獲取容器ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean.xml");//2.得到業(yè)務(wù)層對象IAccountService as = ac.getBean("accountService", IAccountService.class);//3.執(zhí)行方法as.saveAccount(account);}@Testpublic void testUpdate() {//1.獲取容器ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean.xml");//2.得到業(yè)務(wù)層對象IAccountService as = ac.getBean("accountService", IAccountService.class);//3.執(zhí)行方法Account account = as.findAccountById(4);account.setMoney(23456f);as.updateAccount(account);}@Testpublic void testDelete() {//1.獲取容器ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean.xml");//2.得到業(yè)務(wù)層對象IAccountService as = ac.getBean("accountService", IAccountService.class);//3.執(zhí)行方法as.deleteAccount(4);}
}
參考 Spring教程IDEA版-4天-2018黑馬SSM-02_嗶哩嗶哩 (゜-゜)つロ 干杯~-bilibili?www.bilibili.com
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