安裝了12c版本，發(fā)現(xiàn)沒(méi)有scott用戶和11g自帶的emp，dept等等的表。于是嘗試解鎖用戶，發(fā)現(xiàn)用戶不存在。

sql> alter user scott account unlock;

alter user scott account unlock

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-01918: user 'SCOTT' does not exist

手動(dòng)創(chuàng)建用戶，出錯(cuò)，和11g不太一樣：

sql> create user scott identified by oracle;

create user scott identified by oracle

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-65096: invalid common user or role name

原因和pdb，cdb有關(guān)。Oracle 12C引入了CDB與PDB的新特性，在ORACLE 12C數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)引入的多租用戶環(huán)境(Multitenant Environment)中，允許一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)容器(CDB)承載多個(gè)可插拔數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)(PDB)。CDB全稱為Container Database，中文翻譯為數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)容器，PDB全稱為Pluggable Database，即可插拔數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。在ORACLE 12C之前，實(shí)例與數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)是一對(duì)一或多對(duì)一關(guān)系(RAC)：即一個(gè)實(shí)例只能與一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)相關(guān)聯(lián)，數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)可以被多個(gè)實(shí)例所加載。而實(shí)例與數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)不可能是一對(duì)多的關(guān)系。當(dāng)進(jìn)入ORACLE 12C后，實(shí)例與數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)可以是一對(duì)多的關(guān)系。下面是官方文檔關(guān)于CDB與PDB的關(guān)系圖。

查看錯(cuò)誤ORA--65096：(oracle自帶錯(cuò)誤查找工具：!oerrora65096[錯(cuò)誤代碼])

特別注意：

該工具位于$ORACLE_HOME/bin/oerr

該工具所調(diào)用的錯(cuò)誤信息列表文件為 $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/mesg/oraus.msg

該工具不可用于windows上，經(jīng)測(cè)試，9i,10g,11g,12c都有此工具。

sql> !oerr ora 65096

65096,00000,"invalid common user or role name"

// *Cause: An attempt was made to create a common user or role with a name

// that wass not valid for common users or roles. In addition to

// the usual rules for user and role names,common user and role

// names must start with C## or c## and consist only of ASCII

// characters.

// *Action: Specify a valid common user or role name.

//

在CDB中用戶得以C##開(kāi)頭。

創(chuàng)建scott用戶和表的sql文件在oracle的安裝目錄下：

D:\app\oracle\product\12.1.0\dbhome_1\RDBMS\ADMIN\utlsampl.sql

復(fù)制一個(gè)副本到當(dāng)前目錄，重命名為create.sql

修改create.sql:

主要是將scott用戶相關(guān)的語(yǔ)句改為c##scott，刪除最后的EXIT，修改完的scott.sql如下：

create.sql:

SET TERMOUT OFF

SET ECHO OFF

DROP USER C##SCOTT CASCADE;

create user c##scott identified by tiger;

grant connect,resource,unlimited tablespace to c##scott container=all;

alter user c##scott default tablespace users;

alter user c##scott temporary tablespace temp;

CONNECT C##SCOTT/tiger

CREATE TABLE DEPT

(DEPTNO NUMBER(2) CONSTRAINT PK_DEPT PRIMARY KEY,DNAME VARCHAR2(14),LOC VARCHAR2(13) ) ;

CREATE TABLE EMP

(EMPNO NUMBER(4) CONSTRAINT PK_EMP PRIMARY KEY,ENAME VARCHAR2(10),JOB VARCHAR2(9),MGR NUMBER(4),HIREDATE DATE,SAL NUMBER(7,2),COMM NUMBER(7,DEPTNO NUMBER(2) CONSTRAINT FK_DEPTNO REFERENCES DEPT);

INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES

(10,'ACCOUNTING','NEW YORK');

INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES (20,'RESEARCH','DALLAS');

INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES

(30,'SALES','CHICAGO');

INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES

(40,'OPERATIONS','BOSTON');

INSERT INTO EMP VALUES

(7369,'SMITH','CLERK',7902,to_date('17-12-1980','dd-mm-yyyy'),800,NULL,20);

INSERT INTO EMP VALUES

(7499,'ALLEN','SALESMAN',7698,to_date('20-2-1981',1600,300,30);

INSERT INTO EMP VALUES

(7521,'WARD',to_date('22-2-1981',1250,500,30);

INSERT INTO EMP VALUES

(7566,'JONES','MANAGER',7839,to_date('2-4-1981',2975,20);

INSERT INTO EMP VALUES

(7654,'MARTIN',to_date('28-9-1981',1400,30);

INSERT INTO EMP VALUES

(7698,'BLAKE',to_date('1-5-1981',2850,30);

INSERT INTO EMP VALUES

(7782,'CLARK',to_date('9-6-1981',2450,10);

INSERT INTO EMP VALUES

(7788,'SCOTT','ANALYST',7566,to_date('13-JUL-87','dd-mm-rr')-85,3000,20);

INSERT INTO EMP VALUES

(7839,'KING','PRESIDENT',to_date('17-11-1981',5000,10);

INSERT INTO EMP VALUES

(7844,'TURNER',to_date('8-9-1981',1500,30);

INSERT INTO EMP VALUES

(7876,'ADAMS',7788,'dd-mm-rr')-51,1100,20);

INSERT INTO EMP VALUES

(7900,'JAMES',to_date('3-12-1981',950,30);

INSERT INTO EMP VALUES

(7902,'FORD',20);

INSERT INTO EMP VALUES

(7934,'MILLER',7782,to_date('23-1-1982',1300,10);

CREATE TABLE BONUS

(

ENAME VARCHAR2(10),SAL NUMBER,COMM NUMBER

) ;

CREATE TABLE SALGRADE

( GRADE NUMBER,LOSAL NUMBER,HISAL NUMBER );

INSERT INTO SALGRADE VALUES (1,700,1200);

INSERT INTO SALGRADE VALUES (2,1201,1400);

INSERT INTO SALGRADE VALUES (3,1401,2000);

INSERT INTO SALGRADE VALUES (4,2001,3000);

INSERT INTO SALGRADE VALUES (5,3001,9999);

COMMIT;

測(cè)試：

sqlplus / as sysdba

sql> @d:\create.sql;

sql> conn c##scott/tiger

sql> select table_name from user_tables;

sql> select * from SALGRADE;

scott用戶和表創(chuàng)建完成。

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