linux——使用fidsk对linux硬盘进行操作【转】
本文轉(zhuǎn)自：http://www.liusuping.com/ubuntu-linux/linux-fdisk-disk.html
fdisk是linux自帶的硬盤(pán)分區(qū)工具，可以對(duì)硬盤(pán)進(jìn)行分區(qū)，或者對(duì)硬盤(pán)分區(qū)進(jìn)行調(diào)整。本次試驗(yàn)環(huán)境請(qǐng)參考[Linux磁盤(pán)系統(tǒng)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)]
首先選擇要進(jìn)行操作的磁盤(pán)
[root@a ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
輸入m，列出可以執(zhí)行的命令
Command (m for help): m
Command action
?? a?? toggle a bootable flag
?? b?? edit bsd disklabel
?? c?? toggle the dos compatibility flag
?? d?? delete a partition
?? l?? list known partition types
?? m?? print this menu
?? n?? add a new partition
?? o?? create a new empty DOS partition table
?? p?? print the partition table
?? q?? quit without saving changes
?? s?? create a new empty Sun disklabel
?? t?? change a partition's system id
?? u?? change display/entry units
?? v?? verify the partition table
?? w?? write table to disk and exit
?? x?? extra functionality (experts only)
輸入p，列出磁盤(pán)目前的分區(qū)情況
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 3221 MB, 3221225472 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 391 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
?? Device Boot????? Start???????? End????? Blocks?? Id? System
/dev/sdb1?????????????? 1?????????? 1??????? 8001?? 8e? Linux LVM
/dev/sdb2?????????????? 2????????? 26????? 200812+? 83? Linux
輸入d，然后選擇分區(qū)，刪除現(xiàn)有分區(qū)
Command (m for help): d
Partition number (1-4): 1
Command (m for help): d
Selected partition 2
查看分區(qū)情況，確認(rèn)分區(qū)已經(jīng)刪除
Command (m for help): print
Disk /dev/sdb: 3221 MB, 3221225472 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 391 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
?? Device Boot????? Start???????? End????? Blocks?? Id? System
Command (m for help):
輸入n，建立新的磁盤(pán)分區(qū)，首先建立兩個(gè)主磁盤(pán)分區(qū)
Command (m for help): n
Command action
?? e?? extended
?? p?? primary partition (1-4)
p????//建立主分區(qū)
Partition number (1-4): 1??//分區(qū)號(hào)
First cylinder (1-391, default 1):??//分區(qū)起始位置
Using default value 1
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-391, default 391): 100??//分區(qū)結(jié)束位置，單位為扇區(qū)
Command (m for help): n? //再建立一個(gè)分區(qū)
Command action
?? e?? extended
?? p?? primary partition (1-4)
p??
Partition number (1-4): 2? //分區(qū)號(hào)為2
First cylinder (101-391, default 101):?
Using default value 101
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (101-391, default 391): +200M? //分區(qū)結(jié)束位置，單位為M
確認(rèn)分區(qū)建立成功
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 3221 MB, 3221225472 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 391 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
?? Device Boot????? Start???????? End????? Blocks?? Id? System
/dev/sdb1?????????????? 1???????? 100????? 803218+? 83? Linux
/dev/sdb2???????????? 101???????? 125????? 200812+? 83? Linux
再建立一個(gè)邏輯分區(qū)
Command (m for help): n
Command action
?? e?? extended
?? p?? primary partition (1-4)
e??//選擇擴(kuò)展分區(qū)
Partition number (1-4): 3
First cylinder (126-391, default 126):?
Using default value 126
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (126-391, default 391):?
Using default value 391
確認(rèn)擴(kuò)展分區(qū)建立成功
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 3221 MB, 3221225472 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 391 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
?? Device Boot????? Start???????? End????? Blocks?? Id? System
/dev/sdb1?????????????? 1???????? 100????? 803218+? 83? Linux
/dev/sdb2???????????? 101???????? 125????? 200812+? 83? Linux
/dev/sdb3???????????? 126???????? 391???? 2136645??? 5? Extended
在擴(kuò)展分區(qū)上建立兩個(gè)邏輯分區(qū)
Command (m for help): n
Command action
?? l?? logical (5 or over)
?? p?? primary partition (1-4)
l //選擇邏輯分區(qū)
First cylinder (126-391, default 126):?
Using default value 126
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (126-391, default 391): +400M????
Command (m for help): n
Command action
?? l?? logical (5 or over)
?? p?? primary partition (1-4)
l
First cylinder (176-391, default 176):?
Using default value 176
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (176-391, default 391):?
Using default value 391
確認(rèn)邏輯分區(qū)建立成功
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 3221 MB, 3221225472 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 391 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
?? Device Boot????? Start???????? End????? Blocks?? Id? System
/dev/sdb1?????????????? 1???????? 100????? 803218+? 83? Linux
/dev/sdb2???????????? 101???????? 125????? 200812+? 83? Linux
/dev/sdb3???????????? 126???????? 391???? 2136645??? 5? Extended
/dev/sdb5???????????? 126???????? 175????? 401593+? 83? Linux
/dev/sdb6???????????? 176???????? 391???? 1734988+? 83? Linux
Command (m for help):
從上面的結(jié)果我們可以看到，在硬盤(pán)sdb我們建立了2個(gè)主分區(qū)（sdb1，sdb2），1個(gè)擴(kuò)展分區(qū)（sdb3），2個(gè)邏輯分區(qū)（sdb5，sdb6）
注意：主分區(qū)和擴(kuò)展分區(qū)的磁盤(pán)號(hào)位1-4，也就是說(shuō)最多有4個(gè)主分區(qū)或者擴(kuò)展分區(qū)，邏輯分區(qū)開(kāi)始的磁盤(pán)號(hào)為5，因此在這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)中試沒(méi)有sdb4的。
最后對(duì)分區(qū)操作進(jìn)行保存
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
建立好分區(qū)之后我們還需要對(duì)分區(qū)進(jìn)行格式化才能在系統(tǒng)中使用磁盤(pán)。
在sdb1上建立ext2分區(qū)
[root@a ~]#?mkfs.ext2 /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
100576 inodes, 200804 blocks
10040 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=209715200
7 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
14368 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:?
??????? 32768, 98304, 163840
Writing inode tables: done????????????????????????????
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 32 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first.? Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
在sdb6上建立ext3分區(qū)
[root@a ~]#?mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb6
mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
217280 inodes, 433747 blocks
21687 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=444596224
14 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
15520 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:?
??????? 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912
Writing inode tables: done????????????????????????????
Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 32 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first.? Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
[root@a ~]#
建立兩個(gè)目錄/oracle和/web，將新建好的兩個(gè)分區(qū)掛載到系統(tǒng)
[root@a ~]# mkdir /oracle
[root@a ~]# mkdir /web
[root@a ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /oracle
[root@a ~]# mount /dev/sdb6 /web
查看分區(qū)掛載情況
[root@a ~]# df -h
文件系統(tǒng)????????????? 容量? 已用 可用 已用% 掛載點(diǎn)
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00
????????????????????? 6.7G? 2.8G? 3.6G? 44% /
/dev/sda1????????????? 99M?? 12M?? 82M? 13% /boot
tmpfs???????????????? 125M???? 0? 125M?? 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sdb1???????????? 773M? 808K? 733M?? 1% /oracle
/dev/sdb6???????????? 1.7G?? 35M? 1.6G?? 3% /web
如果需要每次開(kāi)機(jī)自動(dòng)掛載則需要修改/etc/fstab文件，加入兩行配置
[root@a ~]# vim /etc/fstab
/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 /?????????????????????? ext3??? defaults??????? 1 1
LABEL=/boot???????????? /boot?????????????????? ext3??? defaults??????? 1 2
tmpfs?????????????????? /dev/shm??????????????? tmpfs?? defaults??????? 0 0
devpts????????????????? /dev/pts??????????????? devpts? gid=5,mode=620? 0 0
sysfs?????????????????? /sys??????????????????? sysfs?? defaults??????? 0 0
proc??????????????????? /proc?????????????????? proc??? defaults??????? 0 0
/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol01 swap??????????????????? swap??? defaults??????? 0 0
/dev/sdb1?????????????? /oracle???????????????? ext2??? defaults??????? 0 0
/dev/sdb6?????????????? /web??????????????????? ext3??? defaults??????? 0 0
轉(zhuǎn)載于:https://www.cnblogs.com/sheropan/p/5012505.html
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