舉例說明該模式的應用場景:

?

1.比方說有個氣象站，氣象站的功能就是會收集氣象信息，溫度、濕度、氣壓等；現(xiàn)在有3個關于天氣的布告欄，由于各地的生活環(huán)境、方式不一樣，所以顯示的數(shù)據(jù)信息也各有所異，比如：

①號布告欄顯示溫度和濕度就行???????? ：溫度、濕度

②號布告欄顯示氣壓???????????????????????????? ：氣壓

③號布告欄顯示氣象站的全部信息???? ：溫度、濕度、氣壓

要求是氣象站一有新的氣象數(shù)據(jù)立馬更新3個布告欄，使信息同步準確，這種需求如何設計呢？

?

2.再舉個應用場景，如報社和讀者之間的關系，只要讀者訂閱了報社業(yè)務，報社就會如期給讀者送去報紙，讀者也可以根據(jù)自己的需要訂閱自己喜歡的類型信息，如訂閱財經(jīng)、軍事、政治等不同類型報紙，這種類型的業(yè)務如何設計呢？ 先想想

?

分析：

ISubject? 報社接口，實現(xiàn)注冊對象、移除對象、向注冊的對象發(fā)送報紙

IObserver、IDisplay 讀者接口

?

結(jié)合代碼：

ISubject 接口

using?System;
using?System.Collections.Generic;
using?System.Linq;
using?System.Text;

namespace?ObserverMode.IDAL
{
????///?<summary>
????///?主題接口(相當于報社,一有數(shù)據(jù)更新及時通知訂閱者)
????///?<para>包含的功能主要有:</para>
????///?<para>1.注冊對象(訂閱者)</para>
????///?<para>2.移除對象</para>
????///?<para>3.通知對象</para>
????///?</summary>
????public?interface?ISubject
????{
?????????void?RegisterObserver(IObserver?o);
?????????void?RemoveObserver(IObserver?o);
?????????void?NotifyObserver();
????}
}

?

IObserver接口

using?System;
using?System.Collections.Generic;
using?System.Linq;
using?System.Text;

namespace?ObserverMode.IDAL
{
????///?<summary>
????///?觀察者接口(訂閱者)
????///?<para>功能：更新數(shù)據(jù),比如報社有了新數(shù)據(jù)過來，訂閱者及時更新</para>
????///?</summary>
????public?interface?IObserver
????{
????????///?<summary>
????????///?更新數(shù)據(jù)
????????///?</summary>
????????///?<param?name="temp">溫度</param>
????????///?<param?name="humidity">濕度</param>
????????///?<param?name="pressure">氣壓</param>
????????void?Update(float?temp,float?humidity,float?pressure);
????}
}

?

IDisplay接口

using?System;
using?System.Collections.Generic;
using?System.Linq;
using?System.Text;

namespace?ObserverMode.IDAL
{
????///?<summary>
????///?顯示信息接口
????///?<para>描述:剛開始有個疑問，為什么單獨需要一個顯示信息接口?</para>
????///?<para>單獨有這個接口是因為不同的預訂者想呈現(xiàn)的數(shù)據(jù)是不一樣的
????///?<para>不同的預訂者想看的報社新聞各有不同，關注的東西都不一樣，</para>
????///?<para>所以不同的觀察者Display都不同，因此需要這個display接口</para>
????///?</summary>
????public?interface?IdisplayElement
????{
????????void?Disyplay();
????}
}

?

?

WeatherData 類

using?System;
using?System.Collections.Generic;
using?System.Linq;
using?System.Text;
using?System.Collections;
using?ObserverMode.IDAL;

namespace?ObserverMode
{
????///?<summary>
????///?主題類,可以理解為報社
????///?</summary>
????public?class?WeatherData?:?ISubject
????{
????????#region?變量
????????///?<summary>
????????///?觀察者集合
????????///?</summary>
????????private?ArrayList?observers;

????????///?<summary>
????????///?溫度
????????///?</summary>
????????private?float?temperature;

????????///?<summary>
????????///?濕度
????????///?</summary>
????????private?float?humidity;

????????///?<summary>
????????///?氣壓
????????///?</summary>
????????private?float?pressure;
????????#endregion
????????
????????///?<summary>
????????///?構(gòu)造函數(shù)
????????///?</summary>
????????public?WeatherData()
????????{
????????????observers?=?new?ArrayList();
????????}



????????#region?ISubject?成員

????????///?<summary>
????????///?添加觀察者
????????///?</summary>
????????///?<param?name="o">預訂者</param>
????????public?void?RegisterObserver(IObserver?o)
????????{
????????????observers.Add(o);
????????}

????????///?<summary>
????????///?移除觀察者
????????///?</summary>
????????///?<param?name="o"></param>
????????public?void?RemoveObserver(IObserver?o)
????????{
????????????#region?Java
????????????//int?i?=?observers.IndexOf(o);
????????????//if?(i?>=?0)
????????????//{
????????????//????observers.Remove(i);
????????????//}
????????????#endregion???????????

????????????//C#
????????????if?(observers.Contains(o))
????????????{
????????????????observers.Remove(o);
????????????}
????????}

????????///?<summary>
????????///?通知觀察者
????????///?</summary>
????????public?void?NotifyObserver()
????????{
????????????for?(int?i?=?0;?i?<?observers.Count;?i++)
????????????{
????????????????IObserver?observer?=?(IObserver)observers[i];
????????????????observer.Update(temperature,?humidity,?pressure);
????????????}
????????}

????????///?<summary>
????????///?當報社得到最新消息時，我們就通知觀察者
????????///?</summary>
????????public?void?MeasurementsChanged()
????????{
????????????NotifyObserver();
????????}

????????///?<summary>
????????///?設置值，并告知預訂者
????????///?</summary>
????????///?<param?name="temperature"></param>
????????///?<param?name="humidity"></param>
????????///?<param?name="pressure"></param>
????????public?void?SetMessurement(float?temperature,?float?humidity,?float?pressure)
????????{
????????????this.temperature?=?temperature;
????????????this.humidity?=?humidity;
????????????this.pressure?=?pressure;
????????????MeasurementsChanged();
????????}
????????#endregion
????}
}

?

①號布告欄

using?System;
using?System.Collections.Generic;
using?System.Linq;
using?System.Text;
using?ObserverMode.IDAL;

namespace?ObserverMode
{
????///?<summary>
????///?預訂者A
????///?</summary>
????public?class?UserA:IObserver,IdisplayElement
????{
????????private?float?temperature;
????????private?float?humidity;
????????private?ISubject?weatherData;

????????public?UserA(ISubject?weatherData)
????????{
????????????this.weatherData?=?weatherData;
????????????weatherData.RegisterObserver(this);
????????}


????????#region?IObserver?成員

????????public?void?Update(float?temp,?float?humidity,?float?pressure)
????????{
????????????this.temperature?=?temp;
????????????this.humidity?=?humidity;
????????????Disyplay();
????????}

????????#endregion

????????#region?IdisplayElement?成員

????????public?void?Disyplay()
????????{
????????????Console.WriteLine("我是用戶A，我只關心溫度和濕度情況,當前溫度為:"+temperature+"?濕度為:"+humidity);
????????}

????????#endregion
????}
}

?

②號布告欄

using?System;
using?System.Collections.Generic;
using?System.Linq;
using?System.Text;
using?ObserverMode.IDAL;

namespace?ObserverMode
{
????public?class?UserB:IObserver,IdisplayElement
????{
????????private?float?pressure;
????????private?ISubject?subject;
????????public?UserB(ISubject?subject)
????????{
????????????this.subject?=?subject;
????????????subject.RegisterObserver(this);
????????}
????????#region?IdisplayElement?成員

????????public?void?Disyplay()
????????{
????????????Console.WriteLine("我是用戶B,我只對氣壓感興趣,當前氣壓值為:"+pressure);
????????}

????????#endregion

????????#region?IObserver?成員

????????public?void?Update(float?temp,?float?humidity,?float?pressure)
????????{
????????????this.pressure?=?pressure;
????????????Disyplay();
????????}

????????#endregion
????}
}

?

Main()

using?System;
using?System.Collections.Generic;
using?System.Linq;
using?System.Text;

namespace?ObserverMode
{
????class?Program
????{
????????static?void?Main(string[]?args)
????????{
????????????WeatherData?weatherData?=?new?WeatherData();
????????????UserA?userA?=?new?UserA(weatherData);
????????????UserB?userB?=?new?UserB(weatherData);

????????????//weatherData.RemoveObserver(userB);?????????
????????????weatherData.SetMessurement(11,?22,?33);
????????????weatherData.SetMessurement(111,?222,?333);
????????????weatherData.SetMessurement(1111,?2222,?3333);
????????}
????}
}

?

結(jié)果:

?

?

[注]:類圖中的繼承應該是虛線，Rose掌握不熟，另外實心線帶箭頭表示，兩者有關系，如圖中ISubject箭頭指向IObject，兩者有關系，ISubject有IObject類型變量

?

轉(zhuǎn)載于:https://www.cnblogs.com/sanpi/archive/2011/07/05/2097874.html

總結(jié)

以上是生活随笔為你收集整理的观察者模式 Observer的全部內(nèi)容，希望文章能夠幫你解決所遇到的問題。

如果覺得生活随笔網(wǎng)站內(nèi)容還不錯，歡迎將生活随笔推薦給好友。