在同一臺機器上搭建物理備用數據庫的步驟，linux環境 oracle 11.2.0.1 主庫：orcl 備庫：stby 1 檢查偵聽是否啟動 2 配置主備數據庫的初始化參數文件 sqlplus /as sysdba create pfile='/home/oracle/initprim.ora' from spfile; cp /home/oracle/initprim.o

在同一臺機器上搭建物理備用數據庫的步驟，linux環境 oracle 11.2.0.1

主庫：orcl

備庫：stby

1 檢查偵聽是否啟動

2 配置主備數據庫的初始化參數文件

sqlplus "/as sysdba"

create pfile='/home/oracle/initprim.ora' from spfile;

cp /home/oracle/initprim.ora /home/oracle/initstby.ora

vi /home/oracle/initprim.ora

orcl.__db_cache_size=104857600

orcl.__java_pool_size=4194304

orcl.__large_pool_size=4194304

orcl.__oracle_base='/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment

orcl.__pga_aggregate_target=155189248

orcl.__sga_target=268435456

orcl.__shared_io_pool_size=0

orcl.__shared_pool_size=142606336

orcl.__streams_pool_size=4194304

*.audit_file_dest='/oracle/admin/orcl/adump'

*.audit_trail='db'

*.compatible='11.2.0.0.0'

*.control_files='/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl','/oradata/flash_recovery_area/orcl/control02.ctl'

*.db_block_size=8192

*.db_domain=''

*.db_name='orcl'

*.db_recovery_file_dest='/oradata/flash_recovery_area'

*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4039114752

*.diagnostic_dest='/oracle'

*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=orclXDB)'

*.memory_target=422576128

*.open_cursors=300

*.processes=150

*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'

*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'

*.fal_client='prim'

*.fal_server='stby'

*.standby_file_management=auto

*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/oradata/arch/orcl valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=prim'

*.log_archive_dest_2='service=stby valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=stby'

*.DB_UNIQUE_NAME=prim

*.log_archive_config='dg_config=(prim,stby)'

編輯備庫的參數文件

vi /home/oracle/initstby.ora

stby.__db_cache_size=104857600

stby.__java_pool_size=4194304

stby.__large_pool_size=4194304

stby.__oracle_base='/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment

stby.__pga_aggregate_target=155189248

stby.__sga_target=268435456

stby.__shared_io_pool_size=0

stby.__shared_pool_size=142606336

stby.__streams_pool_size=4194304

*.audit_file_dest='/oracle/admin/stby/adump'

*.audit_trail='db'

*.compatible='11.2.0.0.0'

*.control_files='/oradata/stby/control01.ctl','/oradata/flash_recovery_area/stby/control02.ctl'

*.db_block_size=8192

*.db_domain=''

*.db_name='orcl' #

*.db_recovery_file_dest='/oradata/flash_recovery_area'

*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4039114752

*.diagnostic_dest='/oracle'

*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=stbyXDB)'

*.memory_target=622576128

*.open_cursors=300

*.processes=150

*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'

*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'

*.DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='/oradata/orcl','/oradata/stby'

*.LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='/oradata/orcl','/oradata/stby'

*.fal_client='stby'

*.fal_server='prim'

*.standby_file_management=auto

*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/oradata/arch/stby valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=stby'

*.log_archive_dest_2='service=prim valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=prim'

*.DB_UNIQUE_NAME='stby'

*.log_archive_config='dg_config=(prim,stby)'

備份主庫

rman target /

backup database format '/u01/oradata/dbfull%U';

創建備庫控制文件

export ORACLE_SID=orcl

sqlplus "/as sysdba"

alter database create standby controlfile as '/oradata/stby/stbycontrol.ctl';

cp /oradata/stby/stbycontrol.ctl /oradata/stby/control01.ctl

cp /oradata/stby/stbycontrol.ctl /oradata/flash_recovery_area/stby/control02.ctl

處理備庫

export ORACLE_SID=stby

orapwd file=/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapwstby password=oracle entries=5 ignorecase=y #一定要加ignorecase=y 要不然歸檔傳不到備用庫上

sqlplus "/as sysdba"

startup nomount

alter database mount;

rman target /

restore database;

重啟主庫

export ORACLE_SID=orcl

sqlplus "/as sysdba"

shutdown immediate

startup pfile='/home/oracle/initprim.ora'

配置tnsnames.ora(因為在同一臺機器上，所以就改這一個文件)

orcl =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS_LIST =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))

)

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SID = orcl)

(SERVER = DEDICATED)

)

)

stby =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS_LIST =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))

)

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SID = stby)

(SERVER = DEDICATED)

)

)

將備庫置于接收歸檔日志狀態

export ORACLE_SID=stby

sqlplus "/as sysdba"

alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;

過一會兒檢查是否收到日志

export ORACLE_SID=orcl

sqlplus "/as sysdba"

select max(sequence#) from v$archived_log; --查看歸檔日志序列號

alter system switch logfile;

alter system switch logfile;

export ORACLE_SID=stby

sqlplus "/as sysdba"

select sequence#,applied from v$archived_log order by 1; --查看歸檔日志序列號

主備庫角色切換

角色切換

步驟1：驗證主庫能否進行角色切換，TO STANDBY表示可以進行

SQL> SELECT SWITCHOVER_STATUS FROM V$DATABASE;

SWITCHOVER_STATUS

-----------------

TO STANDBY

步驟2：在主庫上執行角色切換到從庫角色

SQL> ALTER DATABASE COMMIT TO SWITCHOVER TO PHYSICAL STANDBY;

步驟3：關閉并重新啟動之前的主庫實例

SQL> SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE

SQL> STARTUP MOUNT

步驟4：在備庫的V$DATABASE視圖中查看備庫的切換狀態

SQL> SELECT SWITCHOVER_STATUS FROM V$DATABASE;

SWITCHOVER_STATUS

-----------------

TO_PRIMARY

步驟5：切換備庫到主庫角色

SQL> ALTER DATABASE COMMIT TO SWITCHOVER TO PRIMARY;

步驟6：完成備庫到主庫的切換

1. 如果備庫沒有以只讀模式打開，直接執行以下語句打開到新的主庫。

SQL> ALTER DATABASE OPEN;

2. 如果備庫以只讀模式打開，先關閉數據，然后再重新啟動。

SQL> SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;

SQL> STARTUP;

步驟7：如果有必要，重新啟動一下新的備庫上的重做日志應用服務

SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;

(注：可以通過select message from v$dataguard_status;查看當前備庫應用重做日志的狀態)

步驟8：開始發送重做數據到備庫上

Issue the following statement on the new primary database:

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SWITCH LOGFILE;

備注：

ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE USING CURRENT LOGFILE;

如果有缺失的歸檔日志文件，手工考背后，在備庫上：

ALTER DATABASE REGISTER PHYSICAL LOGFILE 'filespec1';

FORCE 關鍵詞終止目標物理備數據庫上活動的RFS 進程，使得故障轉移能不用等待網絡連接超時而立即進行。

ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE FINISH FORCE; ，

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