1、場景

1)用戶輸入完網址后，瀏覽器直接彈出需要輸入用戶名/密碼

PS：此時輸入用戶名密碼即可登錄，或者直接帶著用戶名密碼訪問網站。

假設url為http://xxx.yyy.zzz

用戶名為admin

密碼為123456

則訪問的網址應該為http://admin:123456@xxx.yyy.zzz【http://username:password@url】

直接訪問改網址即可

2)利用requests.get(url)返回狀態碼為401

#-*- encoding=utf-8 -*-

importrequestsif __name__ == '__main__':

url= 'http://xxxxx.yyyyyy'response= requests.get(url=url)

status_code=response.status_codeprintstatus_code

text=response.textprint text

運行

401

401 - Unauthorized: Access is denied due to invalid credentials.

Server Error

401 - Unauthorized: Access is denied due to invalid credentials.

You do not have permission to view this directory or page using the credentials that you supplied.

2、HTTP基礎驗證

這是一種簡單的身份認證，它是通過http的authorization請求頭中，攜帶經過base64加密的用戶名和密碼而實現的一種認證

#-*- encoding=utf-8 -*-

importrequestsfrom requests.auth importHTTPBasicAuthif __name__ == '__main__':

url= 'http://xxx.yyy.zzz'user= 'admin'password= '123456'response= requests.get(url=url, auth=HTTPBasicAuth(user, password))#或者

#response = requests.get(url=url, auth=(user, password))

print response.status_code

3、摘要式身份認證

#-*- encoding=utf-8 -*-

importrequestsfrom requests.auth importHTTPDigestAuthif __name__ == '__main__':

url= 'http://xxx.yyy.zzz'user= 'admin'password= '123456'response= requests.get(url, auth=HTTPDigestAuth(user, password))print response.status_code

如果2和3都不行，還是返回401，此時可以試試第4種

使用2和3依舊返回401,此時可以print出response.headers看一下

#-*- encoding=utf-8 -*-

importrequestsfrom requests.auth importHTTPDigestAuthif __name__ == '__main__':

url= 'http://xxx.yyy.zzz'user= 'admin'password= '123456'response= requests.get(url, auth=HTTPDigestAuth(user, password))printresponse.status_codeprint response.headers

運行

401{'Content-Length': '', 'X-Powered-By': 'ASP.NET', 'Server': 'Microsoft-IIS/7.5', 'Date': 'Fri, 05 Jun 2020 05:36:23 GMT', 'Content-Type': 'text/html', 'WWW-Authenticate': 'Negotiate, NTLM'}

打印后可看到headers中帶有字樣'WWW-Authenticate': 'Negotiate, NTLM'，表示需要ntlm驗證，此時嘗試使用第4種

4、ntlm驗證

#-*- encoding=utf-8 -*-

importrequestsfrom requests_ntlm importHttpNtlmAuthif __name__ == '__main__':

url= 'http://xxx.yyy.zzz'user= 'admin'password= '123456'response= requests.get(url, auth=HttpNtlmAuth(user, password))printresponse.status_codeprint response.headers

總結

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