引入
我們之前學(xué)習(xí)的都是測(cè)試用例的前置固件，也就是相當(dāng)于“setup”。說(shuō)到這，細(xì)心的你可能想到了，那有沒(méi)有什么方式可以表示出“teardown”？這就是我們今天學(xué)習(xí)的yield和addfinalizer。

yield
yield是一個(gè)關(guān)鍵字，它不是單獨(dú)存在的，要寫在fixtrue標(biāo)記的固件中。

我們?cè)诼暶鞯墓碳yfixture中加入yield關(guān)鍵字，在它下面寫測(cè)試用例執(zhí)行后想要運(yùn)行的代碼；其他有關(guān)于固件的使用沒(méi)有任何差別。需要說(shuō)明的一點(diǎn)是我們?cè)趐ytest主函數(shù)中增加了一個(gè)參數(shù)“–setup-show”，他會(huì)顯示出固件的執(zhí)行情況。
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import pytest@pytest.fixture() def myfixture():print("執(zhí)行myfixture前半部分")yieldprint("執(zhí)行myfixture的后半部分")class Test_firstFile():def test_one(self,myfixture):print("執(zhí)行test_one")assert 1+2==3def test_two(self):print("執(zhí)行test_two")assert 1==1def test_three(self):print("執(zhí)行test_three")assert 1+1==2if __name__=="__main__":pytest.main(["--setup-show","-s","test03.py"])"C:\Program Files\Python35\python.exe" C:/Users/wangli/PycharmProjects/Test/test/test03.py ============================= test session starts ============================= platform win32 -- Python 3.5.2, pytest-5.1.2, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.12.0 rootdir: C:\Users\wangli\PycharmProjects\Test\test collected 3 itemstest03.py 執(zhí)行myfixture前半部分SETUP F myfixturetest03.py::Test_firstFile::test_one (fixtures used: myfixture)執(zhí)行test_one .執(zhí)行myfixture的后半部分TEARDOWN F myfixturetest03.py::Test_firstFile::test_two執(zhí)行test_two .test03.py::Test_firstFile::test_three執(zhí)行test_three .============================== 3 passed in 0.03s ==============================Process finished with exit code 0

fixture里面的teardown用yield來(lái)喚醒teardown的執(zhí)行

@pytest.fixture(scope="function",autouse=True) def open():print("打開(kāi)瀏覽器，并且打開(kāi)百度首頁(yè)")yieldprint("執(zhí)行teardown!")def test_s1(open):print("用例1：搜索python-1",open)def test_s2():print("用例2：搜索python-2")def test_s3():print("用例3：搜索python-3")if __name__=="__main__":pytest.main(["--setup-show","-s","test03.py"])"C:\Program Files\Python35\python.exe" C:/Users/wangli/PycharmProjects/Test/test/test03.py ============================= test session starts ============================= platform win32 -- Python 3.5.2, pytest-5.1.2, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.12.0 rootdir: C:\Users\wangli\PycharmProjects\Test\test collected 3 itemstest03.py 打開(kāi)瀏覽器，并且打開(kāi)百度首頁(yè)SETUP F opentest03.py::test_s1 (fixtures used: open)用例1：搜索python-1 None .執(zhí)行teardown!TEARDOWN F open打開(kāi)瀏覽器，并且打開(kāi)百度首頁(yè)SETUP F opentest03.py::test_s2 (fixtures used: open)用例2：搜索python-2 .執(zhí)行teardown!TEARDOWN F open打開(kāi)瀏覽器，并且打開(kāi)百度首頁(yè)SETUP F opentest03.py::test_s3 (fixtures used: open)用例3：搜索python-3 .執(zhí)行teardown!TEARDOWN F open============================== 3 passed in 0.03s ==============================Process finished with exit code 0

如果測(cè)試用例中的代碼出現(xiàn)異常或者斷言失敗，并不會(huì)影響他的固件中yield后的代碼執(zhí)行；但是如果固件中的yield之前的代碼也就是相當(dāng)于setup部分的帶代碼，出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤或斷言失敗，那么yield后的代碼將不會(huì)再執(zhí)行，當(dāng)然測(cè)試用例中的代碼也不會(huì)執(zhí)行。

@pytest.fixture(scope="function",autouse=True) def open():print("打開(kāi)瀏覽器，并且打開(kāi)百度首頁(yè)")yieldprint("執(zhí)行teardown!")def test_s1(open):print("用例1：搜索python-1",aaaa)def test_s2():print("用例2：搜索python-2")def test_s3():print("用例3：搜索python-3")if __name__=="__main__":pytest.main(["--setup-show","-s","test03.py"])"C:\Program Files\Python35\python.exe" C:/Users/wangli/PycharmProjects/Test/test/test03.py ============================= test session starts ============================= platform win32 -- Python 3.5.2, pytest-5.1.2, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.12.0 rootdir: C:\Users\wangli\PycharmProjects\Test\test collected 3 itemstest03.py 打開(kāi)瀏覽器，并且打開(kāi)百度首頁(yè)SETUP F opentest03.py::test_s1 (fixtures used: open)F執(zhí)行teardown!TEARDOWN F open打開(kāi)瀏覽器，并且打開(kāi)百度首頁(yè)SETUP F opentest03.py::test_s2 (fixtures used: open)用例2：搜索python-2 .執(zhí)行teardown!TEARDOWN F open打開(kāi)瀏覽器，并且打開(kāi)百度首頁(yè)SETUP F opentest03.py::test_s3 (fixtures used: open)用例3：搜索python-3 .執(zhí)行teardown!TEARDOWN F open================================== FAILURES =================================== ___________________________________ test_s1 ___________________________________open = Nonedef test_s1(open): > print("用例1：搜索python-1",aaaa) E NameError: name 'aaaa' is not definedtest03.py:78: NameError ========================= 1 failed, 2 passed in 0.13s =========================

我們也可以通過(guò)request.addfinalizer()的方式實(shí)現(xiàn)“teardown”

我們?cè)诠碳袀魅雛equest參數(shù)；又在固件中定義了一個(gè)內(nèi)置函數(shù)；最后將定義的內(nèi)置函數(shù)添加到request的addfinalizer中。

@pytest.fixture() def myfixture(request):print ("執(zhí)行固件myfixture的前半部分")def myteardown():print("執(zhí)行固件myfture的后半部分")request.addfinalizer(myteardown)class Test_Pytest():def test_one(self,myfixture):print("test_one方法執(zhí)行" )assert 1==1def test_two(self):print("test_two方法執(zhí)行" )assert "o" in "love"def test_three(self):print("test_three方法執(zhí)行" )assert 3-2==1if __name__=="__main__":pytest.main(["--setup-show","-s","test03.py"])"C:\Program Files\Python35\python.exe" C:/Users/wangli/PycharmProjects/Test/test/test03.py ============================= test session starts ============================= platform win32 -- Python 3.5.2, pytest-5.1.2, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.12.0 rootdir: C:\Users\wangli\PycharmProjects\Test\test collected 3 itemstest03.py 執(zhí)行固件myfixture的前半部分SETUP F myfixturetest03.py::Test_Pytest::test_one (fixtures used: myfixture)test_one方法執(zhí)行 .執(zhí)行固件myfture的后半部分TEARDOWN F myfixturetest03.py::Test_Pytest::test_twotest_two方法執(zhí)行 .test03.py::Test_Pytest::test_threetest_three方法執(zhí)行 .============================== 3 passed in 0.04s ==============================Process finished with exit code 0

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