一、上下文管理

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import contextlib @contextlib.contextmanager def work_state(state_list,worker_thread):state_list.append(worker_thread)try:yieldfinally:state_list.remove(worker_thread) free_list=[] current_thread="alex" with work_state(free_list,current_thread):print(123)print(456)#以下為執(zhí)行結(jié)果： 123 456

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代碼執(zhí)行步驟

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上下文用于需要 close()方法的模塊

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import contextlib import socket@contextlib.contextmanager def context_socket(host,port):sk=socket.socket()sk.bind((host,port))sk.listen(5)try:yield skfinally:sk.close() with context_socket('127.0.0.1',8888) as sock:print(sock)#以下為執(zhí)行結(jié)果: <socket.socket fd=224, family=AddressFamily.AF_INET, type=SocketKind.SOCK_STREAM, proto=0, laddr=('127.0.0.1', 8888)>

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二、redis 發(fā)布訂閱

#redis2.py 主程序import redis class RedisHelper:def __init__(self):self.__conn=redis.Redis(host='192.168.11.87')def public(self,msg,chan):self.__conn.publish(chan,msg)return Truedef subscribe(self,chan):pub=self.__conn.pubsub()pub.subscribe(chan)pub.parse_response()return pub

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訂閱

import redis2obj= redis2.RedisHelper() data=obj.subscribe('fm111.7') print(data.parse_response())#接收到發(fā)布信息: [b'message', b'fm111.7', b'aaaaaa']

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發(fā)布

import redis2obj= redis2.RedisHelper() obj.public('alex_db','f111.7')

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三、RabbitMQ

import pika#生產(chǎn)者 發(fā)布 connection =pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='192.168.11.87'))channel = connection.channel() channel.queue_declare(queue='hello_wuwenyu') #創(chuàng)建隊(duì)列，存在則忽略 channel.basic_publish(exchange='', routing_key='hello_wuwenyu', body='Hello World') print("[x] Sent 'Hello World!'") connection.close

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import pika#消費(fèi)者 訂閱 connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='192.168.11.87')) channel = connection.channel() channel.queue_declare(queue='hello_wuwenyu') # def callback(ch,method,properties,body):print(" [x] Received %r" % body) channel.basic_consume(callback,queue='hello_wuwenyu',no_ack=True) print(' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C') channel.start_consuming()#接收到生產(chǎn)者發(fā)來的消息： [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C [x] Received b'Hello World'

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　　2?exchange 綁定多個隊(duì)列

# import pika#生產(chǎn)者 發(fā)布 import pika import sysconnection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='192.168.11.87')) channel = connection.channel()channel.exchange_declare(exchange='logs_fanout',type='fanout')message = '456' channel.basic_publish(exchange='logs_fanout',routing_key='',body=message) print(" [x] Sent %r" % message) connection.close()

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import pika#訂閱 connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='192.168.11.87')) channel = connection.channel()channel.exchange_declare(exchange='logs_fanout',type='fanout')# 隨機(jī)創(chuàng)建隊(duì)列 result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True) queue_name = result.method.queue # 綁定 channel.queue_bind(exchange='logs_fanout',queue=queue_name)print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C')def callback(ch, method, properties, body):print(" [x] %r" % body)channel.basic_consume(callback,queue=queue_name,no_ack=True)channel.start_consuming()#執(zhí)行多次消費(fèi)端，隨機(jī)產(chǎn)生多個隊(duì)列，每個隊(duì)列都接收到消息： [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C[x] b'456'

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?關(guān)鍵字

#生產(chǎn)者 severity = 'info' severity = 'errer' 執(zhí)行兩次 import pika import sysconnection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='192.168.11.87')) channel = connection.channel()channel.exchange_declare(exchange='direct_logs_wuwenyu',type='direct')severity = 'info'
# severity = 'errer' message = '123' channel.basic_publish(exchange='direct_logs_wuwenyu',routing_key=severity,body=message) print(" [x] Sent %r:%r" % (severity, message)) connection.close()

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#訂閱 消費(fèi) 客戶端1 import pika import sysconnection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='192.168.11.87')) channel = connection.channel()channel.exchange_declare(exchange='direct_logs_wuwenyu',type='direct')result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True) queue_name = result.method.queueseverities = ['error','info','warning']for severity in severities:channel.queue_bind(exchange='direct_logs_wuwenyu',queue=queue_name,routing_key=severity)print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C')def callback(ch, method, properties, body):print(" [x] %r:%r" % (method.routing_key, body))channel.basic_consume(callback,queue=queue_name,no_ack=True)channel.start_consuming()#接受到的消息：[*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C[x] 'error':b'123'[x] 'info':b'123'

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#訂閱 消費(fèi) 客戶端2 import pika import sysconnection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='192.168.11.87')) channel = connection.channel()channel.exchange_declare(exchange='direct_logs_wuwenyu',type='direct')result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True) queue_name = result.method.queueseverities = ['error',]for severity in severities:channel.queue_bind(exchange='direct_logs_wuwenyu',queue=queue_name,routing_key=severity)print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C')def callback(ch, method, properties, body):print(" [x] %r:%r" % (method.routing_key, body))channel.basic_consume(callback,queue=queue_name,no_ack=True)channel.start_consuming() #接受到的消息：[*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C[x] 'info':b'123'

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四、SQLAlchemy

SQLAlchemy是Python編程語言下的一款ORM框架，該框架建立在數(shù)據(jù)庫API之上，使用關(guān)系對象映射進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)庫操作，簡言之便是：將對象轉(zhuǎn)換成SQL，然后使用數(shù)據(jù)API執(zhí)行SQL并獲取執(zhí)行結(jié)果。

Dialect用于和數(shù)據(jù)API進(jìn)行交流，根據(jù)配置文件的不同調(diào)用不同的數(shù)據(jù)庫API，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)對數(shù)據(jù)庫的操作，如：

MySQL-Python mysql+mysqldb://:@[:]/pymysql mysql+pymysql://:@/[?]MySQL-Connector mysql+mysqlconnector://:@[:]/cx_Oracle oracle+cx_oracle://user:pass@host:port/dbname[?key=value&key=value...]更多詳見：http://docs.sqlalchemy.org/en/latest/dialects/index.html

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步驟一：

使用 Engine/ConnectionPooling/Dialect 進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)庫操作，Engine使用ConnectionPooling連接數(shù)據(jù)庫，然后再通過Dialect執(zhí)行SQL語句。

#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-fromsqlalchemy importcreate_engineengine =create_engine("mysql+mysqldb://root:123@127.0.0.1:3306/s11", max_overflow=5)engine.execute( "INSERT INTO ts_test (a, b) VALUES ('2', 'v1')" )engine.execute( "INSERT INTO ts_test (a, b) VALUES (%s, %s)", ((555, "v1"),(666, "v1"),) ) engine.execute( "INSERT INTO ts_test (a, b) VALUES (%(id)s, %(name)s)", id=999, name="v1" )result =engine.execute('select * from ts_test') result.fetchall()

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事務(wù)操作

注：查看數(shù)據(jù)庫連接：show status like 'Threads%';

步驟二：

使用 Schema Type/SQL Expression Language/Engine/ConnectionPooling/Dialect 進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)庫操作。Engine使用Schema Type創(chuàng)建一個特定的結(jié)構(gòu)對象，之后通過SQL Expression Language將該對象轉(zhuǎn)換成SQL語句，然后通過?ConnectionPooling 連接數(shù)據(jù)庫，再然后通過?Dialect 執(zhí)行SQL，并獲取結(jié)果。

#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-fromsqlalchemy importcreate_engine, Table, Column, Integer, String, MetaData, ForeignKeymetadata =MetaData()user =Table('user', metadata, Column('id', Integer, primary_key=True), Column('name', String(20)), )color =Table('color', metadata, Column('id', Integer, primary_key=True), Column('name', String(20)), ) engine =create_engine("mysql+mysqldb://root:123@127.0.0.1:3306/s11", max_overflow=5)metadata.create_all(engine) # metadata.clear() # metadata.remove()

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增刪改查

更多內(nèi)容詳見：

? ??http://www.jianshu.com/p/e6bba189fcbd

? ? http://docs.sqlalchemy.org/en/latest/core/expression_api.html

注：SQLAlchemy無法修改表結(jié)構(gòu)，如果需要可以使用SQLAlchemy開發(fā)者開源的另外一個軟件Alembic來完成。

步驟三：

使用 ORM/Schema Type/SQL Expression Language/Engine/ConnectionPooling/Dialect 所有組件對數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行操作。根據(jù)類創(chuàng)建對象，對象轉(zhuǎn)換成SQL，執(zhí)行SQL。

#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-fromsqlalchemy.ext.declarative importdeclarative_base fromsqlalchemy importColumn, Integer, String fromsqlalchemy.orm importsessionmaker fromsqlalchemy importcreate_engineengine =create_engine("mysql+mysqldb://root:123@127.0.0.1:3306/s11", max_overflow=5)Base =declarative_base()classUser(Base): __tablename__ ='users' id=Column(Integer, primary_key=True) name =Column(String(50))# 尋找Base的所有子類，按照子類的結(jié)構(gòu)在數(shù)據(jù)庫中生成對應(yīng)的數(shù)據(jù)表信息 # Base.metadata.create_all(engine)Session =sessionmaker(bind=engine) session =Session()# ########## 增 ########## # u = User(id=2, name='sb') # session.add(u) # session.add_all([ # User(id=3, name='sb'), # User(id=4, name='sb') # ]) # session.commit()# ########## 刪除 ########## # session.query(User).filter(User.id > 2).delete() # session.commit()# ########## 修改 ########## # session.query(User).filter(User.id > 2).update({'cluster_id' : 0}) # session.commit() # ########## 查 ########## # ret = session.query(User).filter_by(name='sb').first()# ret = session.query(User).filter_by(name='sb').all() # print ret# ret = session.query(User).filter(User.name.in_(['sb','bb'])).all() # print ret# ret = session.query(User.name.label('name_label')).all() # print ret,type(ret)# ret = session.query(User).order_by(User.id).all() # print ret# ret = session.query(User).order_by(User.id)[1:3] # print ret # session.commit()

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轉(zhuǎn)載于:https://www.cnblogs.com/wudalang/p/5700242.html

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