Android 内存优化测试（转）
今天做了個(gè)內(nèi)存優(yōu)化的小測試，包括兩點(diǎn)
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1，??比較Drawable與Bitmap占用內(nèi)存大小
2，??比較BitmapFactory類的decodeResource方法與decodeStream方法的效率
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好吧，先來看第1個(gè)測試！
以下這個(gè)是測試加載1000個(gè)Drawable對象的代碼，很簡單的，我就不解釋了！
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public?class?Main?extends?Activity
{
????int?number?= 1000;
????Drawable[]?array;
?
????@Override
????public?void?onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
????{
???????super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
???????setContentView(R.layout.main);
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????????array?=?new?BitmapDrawable[number];
?????????????????????
????????for(int?i = 0; i <?number; i++)
????????{
????????????Log.e("",?"測試第"?+ (i+1) +?"張圖片");
????????????array[i] = getResources().getDrawable(R.drawable.img);
????????}
????}
}
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輸出結(jié)果：
04-07 21:49:25.248: D/szipinf(7828): Initializing inflate state
04-07 21:49:25.398: E/(7828):?測試第1張圖片
04-07 21:49:25.658: D/dalvikvm(7828): GC_EXTERNAL_ALLOC freed 48K, 50% free 2692K/5379K, external 0K/0K, paused 24ms
04-07 21:49:25.748: E/(7828):?測試第2張圖片
04-07 21:49:25.748: E/(7828):?測試第3張圖片
………………
………………
04-07 21:49:26.089: E/(7828):?測試第998張圖片
04-07 21:49:26.089: E/(7828):?測試第999張圖片
04-07 21:49:26.089: E/(7828):?測試第1000張圖片
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程序沒有報(bào)錯(cuò)，正常運(yùn)行，加載1000個(gè)Drawable對象沒問題。
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下面再來看一下加載1000個(gè)Bitmap對象的代碼，同樣的，代碼很簡單的，我就不解釋了！
public?class?Main?extends?Activity
{
????int?number?= 1000;
????Bitmap bitmap[];
?
????@Override
????public?void?onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
????{
???????super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
???????setContentView(R.layout.main);
?
???????bitmap?=?new?Bitmap[number];
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???????for?(int?i = 0; i <?number; i++)
???????{
???????????Log.e("",?"測試第"?+ (i+1) +?"張圖片");
???????????bitmap[i] = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(getResources(), R.drawable.img);
???????}
????}
}
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輸出結(jié)果：
04-07 22:06:05.344: D/szipinf(7937): Initializing inflate state
04-07 22:06:05.374: E/(7937):?測試第1張圖片
04-07 22:06:05.544: D/dalvikvm(7937): GC_EXTERNAL_ALLOC freed 51K, 50% free 2692K/5379K, external 0K/0K, paused 40ms
04-07 22:06:05.664: E/(7937):?測試第2張圖片
04-07 22:06:05.774: D/dalvikvm(7937): GC_EXTERNAL_ALLOC freed 1K, 50% free 2691K/5379K, external 6026K/7525K, paused 31ms
04-07 22:06:05.834: E/(7937):?測試第3張圖片
04-07 22:06:05.934: D/dalvikvm(7937): GC_EXTERNAL_ALLOC freed <1K, 50% free 2691K/5379K, external 12052K/14100K, paused 24ms
04-07 22:06:06.004: E/(7937):?測試第4張圖片
04-07 22:06:06.124: D/dalvikvm(7937): GC_EXTERNAL_ALLOC freed <1K, 50% free 2691K/5379K, external 18078K/20126K, paused 27ms
04-07 22:06:06.204: E/(7937):?測試第5張圖片
04-07 22:06:06.315: D/dalvikvm(7937): GC_EXTERNAL_ALLOC freed <1K, 50% free 2691K/5379K, external 24104K/26152K, paused 26ms
04-07 22:06:06.395: E/(7937):?測試第6張圖片
04-07 22:06:06.495: D/dalvikvm(7937): GC_EXTERNAL_ALLOC freed <1K, 50% free 2691K/5379K, external 30130K/32178K, paused 22ms
04-07 22:06:06.565: E/(7937):?測試第7張圖片
04-07 22:06:06.665: D/dalvikvm(7937): GC_EXTERNAL_ALLOC freed <1K, 50% free 2691K/5379K, external 36156K/38204K, paused 22ms
04-07 22:06:06.745: E/(7937):?測試第8張圖片
04-07 22:06:06.845: D/dalvikvm(7937): GC_EXTERNAL_ALLOC freed 2K, 51% free 2689K/5379K, external 42182K/44230K, paused 23ms
04-07 22:06:06.845: E/dalvikvm-heap(7937): 6170724-byte external allocation too large for this process.
04-07 22:06:06.885: I/dalvikvm-heap(7937): Clamp target GC heap from 48.239MB to 48.000MB
04-07 22:06:06.885: E/GraphicsJNI(7937): VM won't let us allocate 6170724 bytes
04-07 22:06:06.885: D/dalvikvm(7937): GC_FOR_MALLOC freed <1K, 51% free 2689K/5379K, external 42182K/44230K, paused 25ms
04-07 22:06:06.885: D/AndroidRuntime(7937): Shutting down VM
04-07 22:06:06.885: W/dalvikvm(7937): threadid=1: thread exiting with uncaught exception (group=0x40015560)
04-07 22:06:06.885: E/AndroidRuntime(7937): FATAL EXCEPTION: main
04-07 22:06:06.885: E/AndroidRuntime(7937): java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: bitmap size exceeds VM budget
04-07 22:06:06.885: E/AndroidRuntime(7937):???at android.graphics.Bitmap.nativeCreate(Native Method)
04-07 22:06:06.885: E/AndroidRuntime(7937):???at android.graphics.Bitmap.createBitmap(Bitmap.java:477)
04-07 22:06:06.885: E/AndroidRuntime(7937):???at android.graphics.Bitmap.createBitmap(Bitmap.java:444)
04-07 22:06:06.885: E/AndroidRuntime(7937):???at android.graphics.Bitmap.createScaledBitmap(Bitmap.java:349)
04-07 22:06:06.885: E/AndroidRuntime(7937):???at android.graphics.BitmapFactory.finishDecode(BitmapFactory.java:498)
04-07 22:06:06.885: E/AndroidRuntime(7937):???at android.graphics.BitmapFactory.decodeStream(BitmapFactory.java:473)
04-07 22:06:06.885: E/AndroidRuntime(7937):???at android.graphics.BitmapFactory.decodeResourceStream(BitmapFactory.java:336)
04-07 22:06:06.885: E/AndroidRuntime(7937):???at android.graphics.BitmapFactory.decodeResource(BitmapFactory.java:359)
04-07 22:06:06.885: E/AndroidRuntime(7937):???at android.graphics.BitmapFactory.decodeResource(BitmapFactory.java:385)
04-07 22:06:06.885: E/AndroidRuntime(7937):???at bassy.test.drawable.Main.onCreate(Main.java:37)
04-07 22:06:06.885: E/AndroidRuntime(7937):???at android.app.Instrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(Instrumentation.java:1047)
04-07 22:06:06.885: E/AndroidRuntime(7937):???at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:1722)
04-07 22:06:06.885: E/AndroidRuntime(7937):???at android.app.ActivityThread.handleLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:1784)
04-07 22:06:06.885: E/AndroidRuntime(7937):???at android.app.ActivityThread.access$1500(ActivityThread.java:123)
04-07 22:06:06.885: E/AndroidRuntime(7937):???at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:939)
04-07 22:06:06.885: E/AndroidRuntime(7937):???at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:99)
04-07 22:06:06.885: E/AndroidRuntime(7937):???at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:130)
04-07 22:06:06.885: E/AndroidRuntime(7937):???at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:3835)
04-07 22:06:06.885: E/AndroidRuntime(7937):???at java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method)
04-07 22:06:06.885: E/AndroidRuntime(7937):???at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:507)
04-07 22:06:06.885: E/AndroidRuntime(7937):???at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:847)
04-07 22:06:06.885: E/AndroidRuntime(7937):???at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:605)
04-07 22:06:06.885: E/AndroidRuntime(7937):???at dalvik.system.NativeStart.main(Native Method)
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看看上面的輸出，才加載到第8張圖片，程序就報(bào)錯(cuò)了“java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: bitmap size exceeds VM budget”。
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通過上面的例子，可以看清楚地看出來，使用Drawable保存圖片對象，占用更小的內(nèi)存空間。
而使用Biamtp對象，則會占用很大內(nèi)存空間，很容易就出現(xiàn)OOM了！
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下面我們再來看一個(gè)例子，這個(gè)也是加載Bitmap對象。
只不過，之次不是使用BitmapFactory的decodeResource方法，
而是使用decodeStream方法，看代碼。
public?class?Main?extends?Activity
{
????int?number?= 1000;
????Bitmap bitmap[];
?
????@Override
????public?void?onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
????{
???????super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
???????setContentView(R.layout.main);
?
???????bitmap?=?new?Bitmap[number];
?
???????for?(int?i = 0; i <?number; i++)
???????{
???????????Log.e("",?"測試第"?+ (i+1) +?"張圖片");
???????????bitmap[i] =BitmapFactory.decodeStream(getResources().openRawResource(R.drawable.img));//這里換了方法
???????}
????}
}
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輸出結(jié)果：
04-07 22:16:12.676: E/(8091):?測試第561張圖片
04-07 22:16:12.756: E/(8091):?測試第562張圖片
04-07 22:16:12.826: E/(8091):?測試第563張圖片
04-07 22:16:12.906: E/(8091):?測試第564張圖片
04-07 22:16:12.906: D/skia(8091): ---------- mmap failed for imageref_ashmem size=2744320 err=12
04-07 22:16:12.906: E/(8091):?測試第565張圖片
04-07 22:16:12.906: D/skia(8091): ---------- mmap failed for imageref_ashmem size=2744320 err=12
04-07 22:16:12.906: E/(8091):?測試第566張圖片
04-07 22:16:12.916: E/filemap(8091): mmap(0,416798) failed: Out of memory
04-07 22:16:12.916: D/filemap(8091): munmap(0x0, 0) failed
04-07 22:16:12.916: W/asset(8091): create map from entry failed
04-07 22:16:12.916: D/AndroidRuntime(8091): Shutting down VM
04-07 22:16:12.916: W/dalvikvm(8091): threadid=1: thread exiting with uncaught exception (group=0x40015560)
04-07 22:16:12.936: E/AndroidRuntime(8091): FATAL EXCEPTION: main
04-07 22:16:12.936: E/AndroidRuntime(8091): java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to start activity ComponentInfo{bassy.test.drawable/bassy.test.drawable.Main}: android.content.res.Resources$NotFoundException: File res/drawable-mdpi/img.png from drawable resource ID #0x7f020001
04-07 22:16:12.936: E/AndroidRuntime(8091):???at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:1768)
04-07 22:16:12.936: E/AndroidRuntime(8091):???at android.app.ActivityThread.handleLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:1784)
04-07 22:16:12.936: E/AndroidRuntime(8091):???at android.app.ActivityThread.access$1500(ActivityThread.java:123)
04-07 22:16:12.936: E/AndroidRuntime(8091):???at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:939)
04-07 22:16:12.936: E/AndroidRuntime(8091):???at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:99)
04-07 22:16:12.936: E/AndroidRuntime(8091):???at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:130)
04-07 22:16:12.936: E/AndroidRuntime(8091):???at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:3835)
04-07 22:16:12.936: E/AndroidRuntime(8091):???at java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method)
04-07 22:16:12.936: E/AndroidRuntime(8091):???at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:507)
04-07 22:16:12.936: E/AndroidRuntime(8091):???at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:847)
04-07 22:16:12.936: E/AndroidRuntime(8091):???at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:605)
04-07 22:16:12.936: E/AndroidRuntime(8091):???at dalvik.system.NativeStart.main(Native Method)
04-07 22:16:12.936: E/AndroidRuntime(8091): Caused by: android.content.res.Resources$NotFoundException: File res/drawable-mdpi/img.png from drawable resource ID #0x7f020001
04-07 22:16:12.936: E/AndroidRuntime(8091):???at android.content.res.Resources.openRawResource(Resources.java:860)
04-07 22:16:12.936: E/AndroidRuntime(8091):???at android.content.res.Resources.openRawResource(Resources.java:836)
04-07 22:16:12.936: E/AndroidRuntime(8091):???at bassy.test.drawable.Main.onCreate(Main.java:43)
04-07 22:16:12.936: E/AndroidRuntime(8091):???at android.app.Instrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(Instrumentation.java:1047)
04-07 22:16:12.936: E/AndroidRuntime(8091):???at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:1722)
04-07 22:16:12.936: E/AndroidRuntime(8091):???... 11 more
04-07 22:16:12.936: E/AndroidRuntime(8091): Caused by: java.io.FileNotFoundException: res/drawable-mdpi/img.png
04-07 22:16:12.936: E/AndroidRuntime(8091):???at android.content.res.AssetManager.openNonAssetNative(Native Method)
04-07 22:16:12.936: E/AndroidRuntime(8091):???at android.content.res.AssetManager.openNonAsset(AssetManager.java:429)
04-07 22:16:12.936: E/AndroidRuntime(8091):???at android.content.res.Resources.openRawResource(Resources.java:857)
04-07 22:16:12.936: E/AndroidRuntime(8091):???... 15 more
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從上面可以看出，程序在加載到第566張的時(shí)候，就出現(xiàn)了OOM錯(cuò)誤。
不過，跟第2個(gè)例子比起來，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)，程序可以加載更多的圖片。
這說明了使用BitmapFactory的decodeResource方法會占據(jù)大量內(nèi)存，
而使用使用decodeStream方法，則占據(jù)更小的內(nèi)存。
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從時(shí)間上來說，看看日志輸出，大概估算了一下加載一張圖片所需要的時(shí)間，發(fā)現(xiàn)，
decodeResource加載圖片需要約0.17秒的時(shí)間，
而使用decodeStream方法，只需要約0.08秒的時(shí)間！
這說明了，decodeStream無論是時(shí)間上還是空間上，都比decodeResource方法更優(yōu)秀！！
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從上面三個(gè)例子，可以看出，用第一種方法（即用Drawable加載圖片）可以加載更加的圖片，加載32張圖片的時(shí)間約為0.01秒！
我試著把Drawable的數(shù)量調(diào)至1000000，程序在運(yùn)行時(shí)，停在了153761張圖片里，手機(jī)提示，“應(yīng)用程序無響應(yīng)…”
個(gè)人猜測，Drawable應(yīng)該不屬于常駐內(nèi)存的對象，不然的話，不可能不會出現(xiàn)OOM的～～
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網(wǎng)上關(guān)于Drawable與Bitmap的資料太少，不能深入學(xué)習(xí)，真是遺憾～
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剛才又做了個(gè)測試，把第一個(gè)例子中的
array[i] = getResources().getDrawable(R.drawable.img);
方法換成了
array[i] = Drawable.createFromStream(getResources().openRawResource(R.drawable.img), null);
結(jié)果和第三個(gè)例子一樣，在第566張圖片中，出現(xiàn)了OOM錯(cuò)誤！
而且，加載的時(shí)間都是一樣～～
這樣一來，我就更加迷惑了～～
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轉(zhuǎn)載于:https://www.cnblogs.com/siyiganshou/archive/2012/08/10/2631755.html
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