KVM虛擬機的管理主要是通過virsh命令對虛擬機進行管理。

1.??查看KVM虛擬機配置文件及運行狀態

(1)?KVM虛擬機默認配置文件位置:?/etc/libvirt/qemu/

autostart目錄是配置kvm虛擬機開機自啟動目錄。

(2)?virsh命令幫助

#?virsh?-help

或直接virsh命令和，再執行子命令。如下所示。

#?virsh歡迎使用?virsh，虛擬化的交互式終端。

輸入：'help'?來獲得命令的幫助信息'quit'?退出

virsh?#?help……

(3)?查看kvm虛擬機狀態

#?virsh?list?--all

2.??KVM虛擬機開機

#?virsh?start?kvm008

3.?KVM虛擬機關機或斷電

(1)?關機

默認情況下virsh工具不能對linux虛擬機進行關機操作，linux操作系統需要開啟與啟動acpid服務。

在安裝KVM?linux虛擬機之前必須配置此服務。

#?chkconfig?acpid?on#?service?acpid?restart

virsh關機

#?virsh?shutdown?kvm008

(2)?強制關閉電源

#?virsh?destroy?kvm08

4.?通過配置文件啟動虛擬機

#?virsh?create?/etc/libvirt/qemu/kvm008.xml

5.?配置開機自啟動虛擬機

#?virsh?autostart?kvm008

autostart目錄是kvm虛擬機開機自啟動目錄，可以看到該目錄中有KVM配置文件鏈接。

6.?導出KVM虛擬機配置文件

虛擬機要關機 ? ? 不然會操作 失敗哦~

#?virsh?dumpxml/etc/libvirt/qemu/kvm008 >?/etc/libvirt/qemu/kvm.xml

KVM虛擬機配置文件可以通過這種方式進行備份。

7.?添加與刪除KVM虛擬機

(1)??刪除kvm虛擬機

#?virshundefinekvm008

說明：該命令只是刪除kvm008的配置文件，并不刪除虛擬磁盤文件。如下圖所示。

(2)??重新定義虛擬機配置文件

通過導出備份的配置文件恢復原KVM虛擬機的定義，并重新定義虛擬機。

#?mv?/etc/libvirt/qemu/kvm.xml?/etc/libvirt/qemu/kvm008.xml

#?virshdefine/etc/libvirt/qemu/kvm008.xml

8.?編輯KVM虛擬機配置文件

#?virsh?edit?kvm08

virsh?edit將調用vi命令編輯/etc/libvirt/qemu/kvm08.xml配置文件。也可以直接通過vi命令進行編輯，修改，保存。

可以但不建議直接通過vi編輯。

9.?virsh?console?控制臺管理linux虛擬機

虛擬機要開機 才可以

#?virsh?console?kvm08

10.?其它virsh命令

(1)?掛起服務器

#?virsh?suspend?kvm08

(2)?恢復服務器

#?virsh??resume?kvm08

virsh命令豐富。可以執行各種維護任務，本文只是從維護與管理的角度例舉了常用的命令，為該命令的使用提供一個思路。

virsh ?命令：

virsh?#?help

Grouped?commands:

Domain?Management?(help?keyword?'domain'):

attach-device??????????????????從一個XML文件附加裝置

attach-disk????????????????????附加磁盤設備

attach-interface???????????????獲得網絡界面

autostart??????????????????????自動開始一個域

blkdeviotune???????????????????Set?or?query?a?block?device?I/O?tuning?parameters.

blkiotune??????????????????????Get?or?set?blkio?parameters

blockcommit????????????????????Start?a?block?commit?operation.

blockcopy??????????????????????Start?a?block?copy?operation.

blockjob???????????????????????Manage?active?block?operations

blockpull??????????????????????Populate?a?disk?from?its?backing?p_w_picpath.

blockresize????????????????????Resize?block?device?of?domain.

change-media???????????????????Change?media?of?CD?or?floppy?drive

console????????????????????????連接到客戶會話

cpu-baseline???????????????????compute?baseline?CPU

cpu-compare????????????????????compare?host?CPU?with?a?CPU?described?by?an?XML?file

cpu-stats??????????????????????show?domain?cpu?statistics

create?????????????????????????從一個?XML?文件創建一個域

define?????????????????????????從一個?XML?文件定義(但不開始)一個域

desc???????????????????????????show?or?set?domain's?description?or?title

destroy????????????????????????destroy?(stop)?a?domain

detach-device??????????????????從一個?XML?文件分離設備

detach-disk????????????????????分離磁盤設備

detach-interface???????????????分離網絡界面

domdisplay?????????????????????domain?display?connection?URI

domhostname????????????????????print?the?domain's?hostname

domid??????????????????????????把一個域名或?UUID?轉換為域?id

domif-setlink??????????????????set?link?state?of?a?virtual?interface

domiftune??????????????????????get/set?parameters?of?a?virtual?interface

domjobabort????????????????????abort?active?domain?job

domjobinfo?????????????????????domain?job?information

domname????????????????????????將域?id?或?UUID?轉換為域名

dompmsuspend???????????????????suspend?a?domain?gracefully?using?power?management?functions

dompmwakeup????????????????????wakeup?a?domain?from?pmsuspended?state

domuuid????????????????????????把一個域名或?id?轉換為域?UUID

domxml-from-native?????????????Convert?native?config?to?domain?XML

domxml-to-native???????????????Convert?domain?XML?to?native?config

dump???????????????????????????把一個域的內核?dump?到一個文件中以方便分析

dumpxml????????????????????????XML?中的域信息

edit???????????????????????????編輯某個域的?XML?配置

inject-nmi?????????????????????Inject?NMI?to?the?guest

send-key???????????????????????Send?keycodes?to?the?guest

managedsave????????????????????managed?save?of?a?domain?state

managedsave-remove?????????????Remove?managed?save?of?a?domain

maxvcpus???????????????????????connection?vcpu?maximum

memtune????????????????????????Get?or?set?memory?parameters

migrate????????????????????????將域遷移到另一個主機中

migrate-setmaxdowntime?????????set?maximum?tolerable?downtime

migrate-setspeed???????????????Set?the?maximum?migration?bandwidth

migrate-getspeed???????????????Get?the?maximum?migration?bandwidth

numatune???????????????????????Get?or?set?numa?parameters

reboot?????????????????????????重新啟動一個域

reset??????????????????????????reset?a?domain

restore????????????????????????從一個存在一個文件中的狀態恢復一個域

resume?????????????????????????重新恢復一個域

save???????????????????????????把一個域的狀態保存到一個文件

save-p_w_picpath-define??????????????redefine?the?XML?for?a?domain's?saved?state?file

save-p_w_picpath-dumpxml?????????????saved?state?domain?information?in?XML

save-p_w_picpath-edit????????????????edit?XML?for?a?domain's?saved?state?file

schedinfo??????????????????????顯示/設置日程安排變量

screenshot?????????????????????take?a?screenshot?of?a?current?domain?console?and?store?it?into?a?file

setmaxmem??????????????????????改變最大內存限制值

setmem?????????????????????????改變內存的分配

setvcpus???????????????????????改變虛擬?CPU?的號

shutdown???????????????????????關閉一個域

start??????????????????????????開始一個(以前定義的)非活躍的域

suspend????????????????????????掛起一個域

ttyconsole?????????????????????tty?控制臺

undefine???????????????????????undefine?a?domain

update-device??????????????????update?device?from?an?XML?file

vcpucount??????????????????????domain?vcpu?counts

vcpuinfo???????????????????????detailed?domain?vcpu?information

vcpupin????????????????????????control?or?query?domain?vcpu?affinity

emulatorpin????????????????????control?or?query?domain?emulator?affinity

vncdisplay?????????????????????vnc?顯示

Domain?Monitoring?(help?keyword?'monitor'):

domblkerror????????????????????Show?errors?on?block?devices

domblkinfo?????????????????????domain?block?device?size?information

domblklist?????????????????????list?all?domain?blocks

domblkstat?????????????????????獲得域設備塊狀態

domcontrol?????????????????????domain?control?interface?state

domif-getlink??????????????????get?link?state?of?a?virtual?interface

domiflist??????????????????????list?all?domain?virtual?interfaces

domifstat??????????????????????獲得域網絡接口狀態

dominfo????????????????????????域信息

dommemstat?????????????????????get?memory?statistics?for?a?domain

domstate???????????????????????域狀態

list???????????????????????????列出域

Host?and?Hypervisor?(help?keyword?'host'):

capabilities???????????????????性能

freecell???????????????????????NUMA可用內存

hostname???????????????????????打印管理程序主機名

node-memory-tune???????????????Get?or?set?node?memory?parameters

nodecpustats???????????????????Prints?cpu?stats?of?the?node.

nodeinfo???????????????????????節點信息

nodememstats???????????????????Prints?memory?stats?of?the?node.

nodesuspend????????????????????suspend?the?host?node?for?a?given?time?duration

qemu-attach????????????????????QEMU?Attach

qemu-monitor-command???????????QEMU?Monitor?Command

qemu-agent-command?????????????QEMU?Guest?Agent?Command

sysinfo????????????????????????print?the?hypervisor?sysinfo

uri????????????????????????????打印管理程序典型的URI

version????????????????????????顯示版本

Interface?(help?keyword?'interface'):

iface-begin????????????????????create?a?snapshot?of?current?interfaces?settings,?which?can?be?later?committed?(iface-commit)?or?restored?(iface-rollback)

iface-bridge???????????????????create?a?bridge?device?and?attach?an?existing?network?device?to?it

iface-commit???????????????????commit?changes?made?since?iface-begin?and?free?restore?point

iface-define???????????????????define?(but?don't?start)?a?physical?host?interface?from?an?XML?file

iface-destroy??????????????????destroy?a?physical?host?interface?(disable?it?/?"if-down")

iface-dumpxml??????????????????interface?information?in?XML

iface-edit?????????????????????edit?XML?configuration?for?a?physical?host?interface

iface-list?????????????????????list?physical?host?interfaces

iface-mac??????????????????????convert?an?interface?name?to?interface?MAC?address

iface-name?????????????????????convert?an?interface?MAC?address?to?interface?name

iface-rollback?????????????????rollback?to?previous?saved?configuration?created?via?iface-begin

iface-start????????????????????start?a?physical?host?interface?(enable?it?/?"if-up")

iface-unbridge?????????????????undefine?a?bridge?device?after?detaching?its?slave?device

iface-undefine?????????????????undefine?a?physical?host?interface?(remove?it?from?configuration)

Network?Filter?(help?keyword?'filter'):

nwfilter-define????????????????define?or?update?a?network?filter?from?an?XML?file

nwfilter-dumpxml???????????????network?filter?information?in?XML

nwfilter-edit??????????????????edit?XML?configuration?for?a?network?filter

nwfilter-list??????????????????list?network?filters

nwfilter-undefine??????????????undefine?a?network?filter

Networking?(help?keyword?'network'):

net-autostart??????????????????自動開始網絡

net-create?????????????????????從一個?XML?文件創建一個網絡

net-define?????????????????????從一個?XML?文件定義(但不開始)一個網絡

net-destroy????????????????????destroy?(stop)?a?network

net-dumpxml????????????????????XML?中的網絡信息

net-edit???????????????????????為網絡編輯?XML?配置

net-info???????????????????????network?information

net-list???????????????????????列出網絡

net-name???????????????????????把一個網絡UUID?轉換為網絡名

net-start??????????????????????開始一個(以前定義的)不活躍的網絡

net-undefine???????????????????取消定義一個非活躍的網絡

net-update?????????????????????update?parts?of?an?existing?network's?configuration

net-uuid???????????????????????把一個網絡名轉換為網絡UUID

Node?Device?(help?keyword?'nodedev'):

nodedev-create?????????????????create?a?device?defined?by?an?XML?file?on?the?node

nodedev-destroy????????????????destroy?(stop)?a?device?on?the?node

nodedev-detach?????????????????detach?node?device?from?its?device?driver

nodedev-dumpxml????????????????XML?中的節點設備詳情

nodedev-list???????????????????這臺主機中中的枚舉設備

nodedev-reattach???????????????reattach?node?device?to?its?device?driver

nodedev-reset??????????????????重置節點設備

Secret?(help?keyword?'secret'):

secret-define??????????????????define?or?modify?a?secret?from?an?XML?file

secret-dumpxml?????????????????secret?attributes?in?XML

secret-get-value???????????????Output?a?secret?value

secret-list????????????????????list?secrets

secret-set-value???????????????set?a?secret?value

secret-undefine????????????????undefine?a?secret

Snapshot?(help?keyword?'snapshot'):

snapshot-create????????????????Create?a?snapshot?from?XML

snapshot-create-as?????????????Create?a?snapshot?from?a?set?of?args

snapshot-current???????????????Get?or?set?the?current?snapshot

snapshot-delete????????????????Delete?a?domain?snapshot

snapshot-dumpxml???????????????Dump?XML?for?a?domain?snapshot

snapshot-edit??????????????????edit?XML?for?a?snapshot

snapshot-info??????????????????snapshot?information

snapshot-list??????????????????List?snapshots?for?a?domain

snapshot-parent????????????????Get?the?name?of?the?parent?of?a?snapshot

snapshot-revert????????????????Revert?a?domain?to?a?snapshot

Storage?Pool?(help?keyword?'pool'):

find-storage-pool-sources-as???找到潛在存儲池源

find-storage-pool-sources??????發現潛在存儲池源

pool-autostart?????????????????自動啟動某個池

pool-build?????????????????????建立池

pool-create-as?????????????????從一組變量中創建一個池

pool-create????????????????????從一個?XML?文件中創建一個池

pool-define-as?????????????????在一組變量中定義池

pool-define????????????????????在一個?XML?文件中定義(但不啟動)一個池

pool-delete????????????????????刪除池

pool-destroy???????????????????destroy?(stop)?a?pool

pool-dumpxml???????????????????XML?中的池信息

pool-edit??????????????????????為存儲池編輯?XML?配置

pool-info??????????????????????存儲池信息

pool-list??????????????????????列出池

pool-name??????????????????????將池?UUID?轉換為池名稱

pool-refresh???????????????????刷新池

pool-start?????????????????????啟動一個(以前定義的)非活躍的池

pool-undefine??????????????????取消定義一個不活躍的池

pool-uuid??????????????????????把一個池名稱轉換為池?UUID

Storage?Volume?(help?keyword?'volume'):

vol-clone??????????????????????clone?a?volume.

vol-create-as??????????????????從一組變量中創建卷

vol-create?????????????????????從一個?XML?文件創建一個卷

vol-create-from????????????????create?a?vol,?using?another?volume?as?input

vol-delete?????????????????????刪除卷

vol-download???????????????????download?volume?contents?to?a?file

vol-dumpxml????????????????????XML?中的卷信息

vol-info???????????????????????存儲卷信息

vol-key????????????????????????returns?the?volume?key?for?a?given?volume?name?or?path

vol-list???????????????????????列出卷

vol-name???????????????????????returns?the?volume?name?for?a?given?volume?key?or?path

vol-path???????????????????????returns?the?volume?path?for?a?given?volume?name?or?key

vol-pool???????????????????????returns?the?storage?pool?for?a?given?volume?key?or?path

vol-resize?????????????????????resize?a?vol

vol-upload?????????????????????upload?file?contents?to?a?volume

vol-wipe???????????????????????wipe?a?vol

Virsh?itself?(help?keyword?'virsh'):

cd?????????????????????????????change?the?current?directory

connect????????????????????????連接(重新連接)到?hypervisor

echo???????????????????????????echo?arguments

exit???????????????????????????退出這個非交互式終端

help???????????????????????????打印幫助

pwd????????????????????????????print?the?current?directory

quit???????????????????????????退出這個非交互式終端

總結

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