php环境苹果搭建,mac下搭建php环境
本文主要和大家分享mac下搭建php環境,最近工作環境切換到Mac,所以以OS X Yosemite(10.10.1)為例,記錄一下從零開始安裝Mac下LNMP環境的過程
確保系統已經安裝xcode,然后使用一行命令安裝依賴管理工具Homebrew。ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"
之后就可以使用brew install FORMULA
來安裝所需要的依賴了。
brew(意為釀酒)的命名很有意思,全部都使用了釀酒過程中采用的材料/器具,名詞對應以下的概念:Formula(配方) 程序包定義,本質上是一個rb文件
Keg(桶)程序包的安裝路徑
Cellar(地窖)所有程序包(桶)的根目錄
Tap(水龍頭)程序包的源
Bottle (瓶子)編譯打包好的程序包
最終編譯安裝完畢的程序就是一桶釀造好的酒
更詳細的信息參考Homebrew的官方Cookbook
因此使用Homebrew常見的流程是:增加一個程序源(新增一個水龍頭) brew tap homebrew/php
更新程序源 brew update
安裝程序包(按照配方釀酒) brew install git
查看配置 brew config 可以看到程序包默認安裝在/usr/local/Cellar下 (酒桶放在地窖內)
安裝PHP5.6(FPM方式)
首先加入Homebrew官方的幾個軟件源brew tap homebrew/dupes
brew tap homebrew/versions
brew tap homebrew/php
PHP如果采用默認配置安裝,會編譯mod_php模塊并只運行在Apache環境下,為了使用Nginx,這里需要編譯php-fpm并且禁用apache,主要通過參數--without-fpm --without-apache來實現。完整的安裝指令為brew install php56 \
--build-from-source \
--without-snmp \
--without-apache \
--with-fpm \
--with-intl \
--with-homebrew-curl \
--with-homebrew-libxslt \
--with-homebrew-openssl \
--with-imap \
--with-mysql \
--with-tidy
由于OSX已經自帶了PHP環境,因此需要修改系統路徑,優先運行brew安裝的版本,在~/.bashrc里加入:export PATH="/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:$PATH"
如果要安裝新的php擴展,可以直接安裝而不用每次重新編譯php,所有的擴展可以通過brew search php56
看到,下面是我自己所需要的擴展,可以支持Phalcon框架:brew install php56-memcache php56-memcached php56-mongo php56-phalcon php56-redis php56-xdebug --build-from-source
PHP-FPM的加載與啟動
安裝完畢后可以通過以下指令啟動和停止php-fpmphp-fpm -D
killall php-fpm
同時可以將php-fpm加入開機啟動ln -sfv /usr/local/opt/php56/*.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents
launchctl load ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.php56.plist
安裝Nginxbrew install nginx
安裝完畢后可以通過nginx
nginx -s quit
啟動和關閉,同時也支持重載配置文件等操作nginx -s reload|reopen|stop|quit
nginx安裝后默認監聽8080端口,可以訪問http://localhost:8080查看狀態。如果要想監聽80端口需要root權限,運行sudo chown root:wheel /usr/local/Cellar/nginx/1.6.2/bin/nginx
sudo chmod u+s /usr/local/Cellar/nginx/1.6.2/bin/nginx
并使用root權限啟動sudo nginx
開機啟動ln -sfv /usr/local/opt/nginx/*.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents
launchctl load ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.nginx.plist
Nginx + PHP-FPM配置
Nginx一般都會運行多個域名,因此這里參考了@fish的方法,按Ubuntu的文件夾結構來存放Nginx的配置文件mkdir -p /usr/local/var/logs/nginx
mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-available
mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-enabled
mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/nginx/conf.d
mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/nginx/ssl
編輯Nginx全局配置vim /usr/local/etc/nginx/nginx.confworker_processes 1;
error_log /usr/local/var/logs/nginx/error.log debug;
pid /usr/local/var/run/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 256;
}
http { include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] ' '"$request" $status $body_bytes_sent ' '"$http_referer" "$http_user_agent" ' '"$http_x_forwarded_for" $host $request_time $upstream_response_time $scheme ' '$cookie_evalogin';
access_log /usr/local/var/logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
port_in_redirect off; include /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*;
}
這樣一來首先可以把一些可復用配置獨立出來放在/usr/local/etc/nginx/conf.d下,比如fastcgi的設置就可以獨立出來vim /usr/local/etc/nginx/conf.d/php-fpm
內容為location ~ \.php$ {
try_files $uri = 404;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_intercept_errors on; include /usr/local/etc/nginx/fastcgi.conf;
}
然后/usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-enabled目錄下可以一個文件對應一個域名的配置,比如web服務器目錄是/opt/htdocsvim /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/defaultserver {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
root /opt/htdocs/;
location / {
index index.html index.htm index.php; include /usr/local/etc/nginx/conf.d/php-fpm;
}
}
此時啟動了php-fpm并且啟動了Nginx后,就可以通過http://localhost來運行php程序了
安裝MySQLbrew install mysql
可以通過mysql.server start
mysql.server stop
來啟動/停止,啟動后默認應為空密碼,可以通過mysqladmin設置一個密碼mysqladmin -uroot password "mypassword"
但是在操作的時候出現了空密碼無法登入的情況,最終只能通過mysqld_safe來設置sudo mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables
mysql -u root
mysql> UPDATE mysql.user SET Password=PASSWORD('mypassword') WHERE User='root';
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
最后將MySQL加入開機啟動cp /usr/local/Cellar/mysql/5.6.22/homebrew.mxcl.mysql.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents/
Memcachebrew install memcached
啟動/停止指令memcached -d
killall memcached
加入開機啟動cp /usr/local/Cellar/memcached/1.4.20/homebrew.mxcl.memcached.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents/
Redisbrew install redis
Redis默認配置文件不允許以Deamon方式運行,因此需要先修改配置文件vim /usr/local/etc/redis.conf
將daemonize修改為yes,然后載入配置文件即可實現后臺進程啟動redis-server /usr/local/etc/redis.conf
加入開機啟動cp /usr/local/Cellar/redis/2.8.19/homebrew.mxcl.redis.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents/
設置別名
最后可以對所有服務的啟動停止設置別名方便操作vim ~/.bash_profile
加入alias nginx.start='launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.nginx.plist'
alias nginx.stop='launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.nginx.plist'
alias nginx.restart='nginx.stop && nginx.start'
alias php-fpm.start="launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.php55.plist"
alias php-fpm.stop="launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.php55.plist"
alias php-fpm.restart='php-fpm.stop && php-fpm.start'
alias mysql.start="launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.mysql.plist"
alias mysql.stop="launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.mysql.plist"
alias mysql.restart='mysql.stop && mysql.start'
alias redis.start="launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.redis.plist"
alias redis.stop="launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.redis.plist"
alias redis.restart='redis.stop && redis.start'
alias memcached.start="launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.memcached.plist"
alias memcached.stop="launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.memcached.plist"
alias memcached.restart='memcached.stop && memcached.start'
安裝其他項目支持brew install composer node
安裝Oh My Zshbrew install zsh-completions
chsh -s /usr/local/bin/zsh
vim ~/.zshenv
加入內容export PATH=/usr/local/bin:$PATH
然后vim ~/.zshrc
加入內容fpath=(/usr/local/share/zsh-completions $fpath)
autoload -Uz compinit
compinit -u
最后運行rm -f ~/.zcompdump; compinit
查看正在使用的shelldscl localhost -read Local/Default/Users/$USER UserShell
安裝Oh My Zshwget https://github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/raw/master/tools/install.sh -O - | sh
總結
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