本文主要和大家分享mac下搭建php環境，最近工作環境切換到Mac，所以以OS X Yosemite(10.10.1)為例，記錄一下從零開始安裝Mac下LNMP環境的過程

確保系統已經安裝xcode，然后使用一行命令安裝依賴管理工具Homebrew。ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"

之后就可以使用brew install FORMULA

來安裝所需要的依賴了。

brew(意為釀酒)的命名很有意思，全部都使用了釀酒過程中采用的材料/器具，名詞對應以下的概念：Formula(配方) 程序包定義，本質上是一個rb文件

Keg(桶)程序包的安裝路徑

Cellar(地窖)所有程序包(桶)的根目錄

Tap(水龍頭)程序包的源

Bottle (瓶子)編譯打包好的程序包

最終編譯安裝完畢的程序就是一桶釀造好的酒

更詳細的信息參考Homebrew的官方Cookbook

因此使用Homebrew常見的流程是：增加一個程序源(新增一個水龍頭) brew tap homebrew/php

更新程序源 brew update

安裝程序包(按照配方釀酒) brew install git

查看配置 brew config 可以看到程序包默認安裝在/usr/local/Cellar下 (酒桶放在地窖內)

安裝PHP5.6(FPM方式)

首先加入Homebrew官方的幾個軟件源brew tap homebrew/dupes

brew tap homebrew/versions

brew tap homebrew/php

PHP如果采用默認配置安裝，會編譯mod_php模塊并只運行在Apache環境下，為了使用Nginx，這里需要編譯php-fpm并且禁用apache，主要通過參數--without-fpm --without-apache來實現。完整的安裝指令為brew install php56 \

--build-from-source \

--without-snmp \

--without-apache \

--with-fpm \

--with-intl \

--with-homebrew-curl \

--with-homebrew-libxslt \

--with-homebrew-openssl \

--with-imap \

--with-mysql \

--with-tidy

由于OSX已經自帶了PHP環境，因此需要修改系統路徑，優先運行brew安裝的版本，在~/.bashrc里加入：export PATH="/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:$PATH"

如果要安裝新的php擴展，可以直接安裝而不用每次重新編譯php，所有的擴展可以通過brew search php56

看到，下面是我自己所需要的擴展，可以支持Phalcon框架：brew install php56-memcache php56-memcached php56-mongo php56-phalcon php56-redis php56-xdebug --build-from-source

PHP-FPM的加載與啟動

安裝完畢后可以通過以下指令啟動和停止php-fpmphp-fpm -D

killall php-fpm

同時可以將php-fpm加入開機啟動ln -sfv /usr/local/opt/php56/*.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents

launchctl load ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.php56.plist

安裝Nginxbrew install nginx

安裝完畢后可以通過nginx

nginx -s quit

啟動和關閉，同時也支持重載配置文件等操作nginx -s reload|reopen|stop|quit

nginx安裝后默認監聽8080端口，可以訪問http://localhost:8080查看狀態。如果要想監聽80端口需要root權限，運行sudo chown root:wheel /usr/local/Cellar/nginx/1.6.2/bin/nginx

sudo chmod u+s /usr/local/Cellar/nginx/1.6.2/bin/nginx

并使用root權限啟動sudo nginx

開機啟動ln -sfv /usr/local/opt/nginx/*.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents

launchctl load ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.nginx.plist

Nginx + PHP-FPM配置

Nginx一般都會運行多個域名，因此這里參考了@fish的方法，按Ubuntu的文件夾結構來存放Nginx的配置文件mkdir -p /usr/local/var/logs/nginx

mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-available

mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-enabled

mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/nginx/conf.d

mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/nginx/ssl

編輯Nginx全局配置vim /usr/local/etc/nginx/nginx.confworker_processes 1;

error_log /usr/local/var/logs/nginx/error.log debug;

pid /usr/local/var/run/nginx.pid;

events {

worker_connections 256;

}

http { include mime.types;

default_type application/octet-stream;

log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] ' '"$request" $status $body_bytes_sent ' '"$http_referer" "$http_user_agent" ' '"$http_x_forwarded_for" $host $request_time $upstream_response_time $scheme ' '$cookie_evalogin';

access_log /usr/local/var/logs/access.log main;

sendfile on;

keepalive_timeout 65;

port_in_redirect off; include /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*;

}

這樣一來首先可以把一些可復用配置獨立出來放在/usr/local/etc/nginx/conf.d下，比如fastcgi的設置就可以獨立出來vim /usr/local/etc/nginx/conf.d/php-fpm

內容為location ~ \.php$ {

try_files $uri = 404;

fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;

fastcgi_index index.php;

fastcgi_intercept_errors on; include /usr/local/etc/nginx/fastcgi.conf;

}

然后/usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-enabled目錄下可以一個文件對應一個域名的配置，比如web服務器目錄是/opt/htdocsvim /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/defaultserver {

listen 80;

server_name localhost;

root /opt/htdocs/;

location / {

index index.html index.htm index.php; include /usr/local/etc/nginx/conf.d/php-fpm;

}

}

此時啟動了php-fpm并且啟動了Nginx后，就可以通過http://localhost來運行php程序了

安裝MySQLbrew install mysql

可以通過mysql.server start

mysql.server stop

來啟動／停止，啟動后默認應為空密碼，可以通過mysqladmin設置一個密碼mysqladmin -uroot password "mypassword"

但是在操作的時候出現了空密碼無法登入的情況，最終只能通過mysqld_safe來設置sudo mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables

mysql -u root

mysql> UPDATE mysql.user SET Password=PASSWORD('mypassword') WHERE User='root';

mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

最后將MySQL加入開機啟動cp /usr/local/Cellar/mysql/5.6.22/homebrew.mxcl.mysql.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents/

Memcachebrew install memcached

啟動/停止指令memcached -d

killall memcached

加入開機啟動cp /usr/local/Cellar/memcached/1.4.20/homebrew.mxcl.memcached.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents/

Redisbrew install redis

Redis默認配置文件不允許以Deamon方式運行，因此需要先修改配置文件vim /usr/local/etc/redis.conf

將daemonize修改為yes，然后載入配置文件即可實現后臺進程啟動redis-server /usr/local/etc/redis.conf

加入開機啟動cp /usr/local/Cellar/redis/2.8.19/homebrew.mxcl.redis.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents/

設置別名

最后可以對所有服務的啟動停止設置別名方便操作vim ~/.bash_profile

加入alias nginx.start='launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.nginx.plist'

alias nginx.stop='launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.nginx.plist'

alias nginx.restart='nginx.stop && nginx.start'

alias php-fpm.start="launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.php55.plist"

alias php-fpm.stop="launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.php55.plist"

alias php-fpm.restart='php-fpm.stop && php-fpm.start'

alias mysql.start="launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.mysql.plist"

alias mysql.stop="launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.mysql.plist"

alias mysql.restart='mysql.stop && mysql.start'

alias redis.start="launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.redis.plist"

alias redis.stop="launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.redis.plist"

alias redis.restart='redis.stop && redis.start'

alias memcached.start="launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.memcached.plist"

alias memcached.stop="launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.memcached.plist"

alias memcached.restart='memcached.stop && memcached.start'

安裝其他項目支持brew install composer node

安裝Oh My Zshbrew install zsh-completions

chsh -s /usr/local/bin/zsh

vim ~/.zshenv

加入內容export PATH=/usr/local/bin:$PATH

然后vim ~/.zshrc

加入內容fpath=(/usr/local/share/zsh-completions $fpath)

autoload -Uz compinit

compinit -u

最后運行rm -f ~/.zcompdump; compinit

查看正在使用的shelldscl localhost -read Local/Default/Users/$USER UserShell

安裝Oh My Zshwget https://github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/raw/master/tools/install.sh -O - | sh

總結

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