及物動詞不需要介詞

● 陳清霖

---

　　在英語錯誤中，“及物動詞＋介詞＋賓語”（transitive verb+preposition+object），是常見的一種。所謂及物動詞，就是謂語動詞（predicative verb），不必通過介詞引薦賓語。相反的，不及物動詞（intransitive verb）是不帶賓語的。有許多動詞，雖然性質是及物的，但不一定要有賓語，如下列的①a和②a便是這種情形：　　

　　①a. We study every day.

　b. Do you study English every day.

　　②a. Please write clearly next time.

　b. Can you write your composition now?

　　如果本質上就是不及物動詞，就不會有賓語；若要賓語，就要借介詞之助，一起連用才行，如③b和④b;③a和④a是錯的；

　　*③a. The children are listening the music.

　 b. The children are listening to the music.

　　*④a. She is laughing the crippled man.

　 b. She is laughing at the crippled man.

　　反之，及物動詞不必靠介詞，就可以帶賓語，如上述的①b和②b ，又如⑤和　　⑥：

⑤ John is giving a book to me.

⑥ Who will answer this question?

　　如果無意中把介詞加上，就錯了，如：

　　*⑦ Who will answer to this question?

　　下列這句從房地產廣告中看到的句子，也犯了同樣的錯：

　　“We have many buyers awaiting for available units here.”

　　“Awaiting”是個及物動詞，后面的介詞“for”是多余的，要去掉；不然把“awaiting”改為“waiting for”也行。

　　許多人習慣上喜歡把介詞加到及物動詞后面，然后才帶出賓語。最常見的是“emphasize/stress on/upon”和“discuss about”，如：

⑧ Singaporeans seem to have emphasized on material gains.

⑨ In our education system, we stress upon examination results.

⑩ World leaders spent a lot of time discussing about worsening economic problems.

　　顯然的，這三句里的介詞“on/upon”和“about”是多余的，不必要的。

　　下面是些類似的錯誤：
● The young must obey to their elders.
● Do not approach to that odd-looking man.
● The audience attacked on the rude speaker.
● Nothing can escape from his parents' eyes.
● Do you hope to serve for your nation?
● When did Susan marry with Paul?

　　介詞“to, on, from, for, with”都要去掉才對。

　　為什么會有這些錯誤呢？主因是分不清楚及物動詞和不及物動詞的性質。其次，就是對同一個動詞及其名詞的句型有些混淆。解決之道有二。第一，要把“及物動詞＋賓語”和“不及物動詞＋介詞＋賓語”劃分清楚，如：

 I did not answer him./ I did not reply to him.

 He reached Londan yesterday./ He arrived in London yesterday.

　　第二，把及物動詞轉化為名詞，然后加上適當的介詞和賓語，如：

 Don't approach such a person.

 Is oral practice a good approach to language teaching?

《聯合早報》

<<< 漢英雙語專輯

總結

以上是生活随笔為你收集整理的及物动词不需要介词的全部內容，希望文章能夠幫你解決所遇到的問題。

如果覺得生活随笔網站內容還不錯，歡迎將生活随笔推薦給好友。