快照和復(fù)制技術(shù)的結(jié)合可以保證我們得到一個實(shí)時的在線MySQL備份解決方案 當(dāng)主庫發(fā)生誤操作時，只需要恢復(fù)備庫上的快照，然后再根據(jù)binlog執(zhí)行point-in-time的恢復(fù)即可 下面假定一個場景：主從架構(gòu)，沒有延遲，某DBA誤操作：drop database 接下來我們按照以上場景進(jìn)行備份恢復(fù)模擬測試

1.主庫準(zhǔn)備測試數(shù)據(jù)

mysql> create database cnfol;Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)mysql> create table cnfol.t (id int primary key);Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)mysql> insert into cnfol.t select 1;Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)Records: 1 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0mysql> insert into cnfol.t select 2;Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)Records: 1 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

到備庫確認(rèn)：

mysql> show databases;+--------------------+| Database |+--------------------+| information_schema || cnfol || mysql || test |+--------------------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> select * from cnfol.t;+----+| id |+----+| 1 || 2 |+----+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

2.加個全局讀鎖?在備庫

mysql> flush tables with read lock;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

3.為備庫所在分區(qū)創(chuàng)建快照

[root@localhost ~]# lvcreate --size 1G --snapshot --name backup_mysql /dev/vg/mysql Logical volume "backup_mysql" created[root@localhost ~]# lvs LV VG Attr LSize Origin Snap% Move Log Copy% Convert backup_mysql vg swi-a- 1.00G mysql 0.00 mysql vg owi-ao 2.00G

4.獲取二進(jìn)制日志坐標(biāo)

在備庫：mysql> show master status;+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+| mysql-bin.000003 | 727 | | |+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)

解鎖?在備庫：

mysql> unlock tables;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

6.掛載快照

[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/vg/backup_mysql /mnt/backup[root@localhost ~]# cd /mnt/backup/mysql/data/cnfol/ && ls -alh總計 32Kdrwx------ 2 mysql dba 4.0K 10-14 09:57 .drwx------ 5 mysql dba 4.0K 10-14 09:57 ..-rw-rw---- 1 mysql dba 61 10-14 09:57 db.opt-rw-rw---- 1 mysql dba 8.4K 10-14 09:57 t.frm-rw-rw---- 1 mysql dba 14 10-14 09:57 t.MYD-rw-rw---- 1 mysql dba 2.0K 10-14 10:06 t.MYI

7.主庫某無經(jīng)驗DBA誤操作

mysql> drop database cnfol;Query OK, 1 row affected (0.05 sec)

記錄下此時時間：2013-10-14 10:17:10

備庫確認(rèn)是否存在庫cnfol:

mysql> show databases;+--------------------+| Database |+--------------------+| information_schema || mysql || test |+--------------------+3 rows in set (0.01 sec)

8.備份快照

[root@localhost backup]# pwd/mnt/backup[root@localhost backup]# tar -jcv -f /mnt/snapshot/mysql.tar.bz2 *

這里做備份的原因有2點(diǎn) * 其一，昂貴的IO，因為磁頭要在快照區(qū)和系統(tǒng)區(qū)來回跑 * 其二，快照區(qū)空間不足，因為是COW原理

9.刪除快照

[root@localhost ~]# umount /mnt/backup[root@localhost ~]# lvremove --force /dev/vg/backup_mysql Logical volume "backup_mysql" successfully removed

10.格式化備庫所在分區(qū)

[mysql@localhost ~]$ mysqladmin -uroot -poracle shutdown131014 10:32:40 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /mnt/lvm/mysql/data/localhost.localdomain.pid ended[1]+ Done mysqld_safe[root@localhost ~]# umount /mnt/lvm[root@localhost ~]# mkfs -t ext3 /dev/vg/mysql [root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/vg/mysql /mnt/lvm[root@localhost ~]# lvs LV VG Attr LSize Origin Snap% Move Log Copy% Convert mysql vg -wi-ao 2.00G [root@localhost ~]# vgs VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree vg 4 1 0 wz--n- 3.81G 1.81G

11.解壓縮快照到備庫所在分區(qū)

# tar -jxv -f /mnt/snapshot/mysql.tar.bz2 -C /mnt/lvm/[root@localhost lvm]# pwd/mnt/lvm[root@localhost lvm]# lslost+found mysql

12.啟動MySQL

13.利用binlog執(zhí)行point-in-time恢復(fù)

[mysql@localhost ~]$ mysqlbinlog --stop-datetime="2013-10-14 10:17:10" /mnt/lvm/mysql/data/mysql-bin.000003 | mysql -uroot -poracle

14.確認(rèn)數(shù)據(jù)

mysql> show databases;+--------------------+| Database |+--------------------+| information_schema || cnfol || mysql || test |+--------------------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> select * from cnfol.t;+----+| id |+----+| 1 || 2 |+----+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

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