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Linux基础学习七：mysql的安装和配置教程

發(fā)布時間：2025/3/15 数据库 18 豆豆

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?MySQL的安裝

?yum安裝

下載并安裝MySQL5.7的yum源

[root@localhost ~]# wget -P /tmp https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch.rpm

[root@localhost ~]# cd /tmp
[root@localhost tmp]# rpm -ivh mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch.rpm?
警告：mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch.rpm: 頭V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, 密鑰 ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
準備中... ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?################################# [100%]
正在升級/安裝...
? ?1:mysql57-community-release-el7-9 ?################################# [100%]

通過yum安裝MySQL5.7 ?

[root@localhost tmp]# yum install -y mysql-server
需要等待較長時間...

?啟動MySQL

查看mysql是否啟動
[root@localhost tmp]# systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
? ?Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
? ?Active: inactive (dead)
? ? ?Docs: man:mysqld(8)
? ? ? ? ? ?http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
? ? ? ? ? ?
啟動mysql
[root@localhost tmp]# systemctl start mysqld

查看mysql是否啟動
[root@localhost tmp]# systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
? ?Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
? ?Active: active (running) since 六 2020-05-30 18:28:14 CST; 2min 2s ago
? ? ?Docs: man:mysqld(8)
? ? ? ? ? ?http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
? Process: 37102 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
? Process: 37048 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
?Main PID: 37105 (mysqld)
? ?CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
? ? ? ? ? ?└─37105 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

初始化MySQL ?

查看初始隨機密碼
[root@localhost tmp]# head -n 10 /var/log/mysqld.log?
2020-05-30T10:28:09.210385Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2020-05-30T10:28:09.906316Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2020-05-30T10:28:10.001119Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2020-05-30T10:28:10.064286Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 4245a568-a260-11ea-85b9-000c290150c5.
2020-05-30T10:28:10.067028Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2020-05-30T10:28:11.461525Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2020-05-30T10:28:11.839011Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: o3DIit9dDr%n
2020-05-30T10:28:14.443528Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).

登錄mysql，并修改root賬號的密碼
[root@localhost mysql-rpm-5.7.29]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:粘貼隨機初始密碼

修改密碼，注意：默認密碼檢查策略比較嚴格，必須定義如下類似密碼
mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by '$Baiduroot2002';

修改為簡單密碼：
修改密碼檢查策略
mysql> set global validate_password_policy=0;
mysql> set global validate_password_length=4;

修改root為簡單密碼
mysql> alter user root@'localhost' identified by '123456';

設(shè)置root允許遠程登錄
mysql> use mysql;
mysql> update user set host = '%' where user = 'root';
mysql> flush privileges;//一定要刷新操作

rpm包安裝

準備工作：將 mysql-rpm-5.7.29 文件夾整體上傳到 /tmp 下。

1. 卸載CentOS內(nèi)置的mariadb
?

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep mariadb
mariadb-libs-5.5.65-1.el7.x86_64
注意：不同的電腦查詢的軟件名略有差異，下一步一定要根據(jù)剛才查詢的結(jié)果進行卸載（對剛才的結(jié)果復(fù)制粘貼）
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.65-1.el7.x86_64

2. 通過安裝vim，安裝vim和MySQL通用的依賴

[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y vim

?3.進入到安裝包目錄，按順序安裝rpm包

[root@localhost ~]# cd /tmp/mysql-rpm-5.7.29/
[root@localhost mysql-rpm-5.7.29]# rpm -ivh 1*.rpm
準備中... ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?################################# [100%]
正在升級/安裝...
? ?1:net-tools-2.0-0.22.20131004git.el################################# [100%]
? ?
[root@localhost mysql-rpm-5.7.29]# rpm -ivh 2*.rpm
準備中... ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?################################# [100%]
正在升級/安裝...
? ?1:perl-Net-Daemon-0.48-5.el7 ? ? ? ################################# [ 14%]
? ?2:perl-Data-Dumper-2.145-3.el7 ? ? ################################# [ 29%]
? ?3:perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib-1:2.061-4.################################# [ 43%]
? ?4:perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2-2.061-3.e################################# [ 57%]
? ?5:perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7 ? ? ################################# [ 71%]
? ?6:perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7 ? ? ? ? ################################# [ 86%]
? ?7:perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7 ? ? ? ? ? ? ################################# [100%]
? ?
[root@localhost mysql-rpm-5.7.29]# rpm -ivh 3*.rpm
警告：3 mysql-community-client-5.7.29-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 頭V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, 密鑰 ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
準備中... ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?################################# [100%]
正在升級/安裝...
? ?1:mysql-community-common-5.7.29-1.e################################# [ 25%]
? ?2:mysql-community-libs-5.7.29-1.el7################################# [ 50%]
? ?3:mysql-community-client-5.7.29-1.e################################# [ 75%]
? ?4:mysql-community-server-5.7.29-1.e################################# [100%]

?4.啟動MySQL

啟動mysql
[root@localhost mysql-rpm-5.7.29]# systemctl start mysqld

查看mysql是否啟動
[root@localhost mysql-rpm-5.7.29]# systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
? ?Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
? ?Active: active (running) since 六 2020-05-30 18:06:02 CST; 10s ago
? ? ?Docs: man:mysqld(8)
? ? ? ? ? ?http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
? Process: 36957 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
? Process: 36904 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
?Main PID: 36960 (mysqld)
? ?CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
? ? ? ? ? ?└─36960 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

5.初始化MySQL

?查看初始隨機密碼
[root@localhost mysql-rpm-5.7.29]# head -n 10 /var/log/mysqld.log?
2020-05-30T10:05:57.592355Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2020-05-30T10:05:58.055873Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2020-05-30T10:05:58.194923Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2020-05-30T10:05:58.336295Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 288015b5-a25d-11ea-a36c-000c29b18b53.
2020-05-30T10:05:58.338480Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2020-05-30T10:05:58.912744Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2020-05-30T10:05:59.122501Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: fcq0W%WawxwR
2020-05-30T10:06:02.023609Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2020-05-30T10:06:02.039831Z 0 [Note] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 5.7.29) starting as process 36960 ...
2020-05-30T10:06:02.051955Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: PUNCH HOLE support available

登錄mysql，并修改root賬號的密碼
[root@localhost mysql-rpm-5.7.29]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:粘貼隨機初始密碼

修改密碼，注意：默認密碼檢查策略比較嚴格，必須定義如下類似密碼
mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by '$Baiduroot2002';

修改為簡單密碼：
修改密碼檢查策略
mysql> set global validate_password_policy=0;
mysql> set global validate_password_length=4;

修改root為簡單密碼
mysql> alter user root@'localhost' identified by '123456';

設(shè)置root允許遠程登錄
mysql> use mysql;
mysql> update user set host = '%' where user = 'root';
mysql> flush privileges;//一定要刷新操作

Navicat連接MySQL

關(guān)閉linux虛擬機的防火墻

systemctl stop firewalld

使用Navicat連接虛擬機中的MySQL

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