這里以window為例：

安裝python虛擬環境：

安裝virtuallenv：

pip install virtualenv

使用cmd進入指定后目錄新建虛擬環境：

virtualenv env1

這樣會生成虛擬環境：

這里使用PyCharm進行配置：

配置好解釋器即可。

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虛擬環境一般package是空的，不會向我上面那樣。下面是安裝opencv相關的包：

使用騰訊的源安裝，這個比較快：

pip install opencv-python -i https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/pypi/simple pip install opencv-contrib-python -i https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/pypi/simple

這樣就安裝好了，就和我上面一樣了。

下面是準備好一個像素的素材，來搞個顏色識別的demo

原理是轉HSV，在進行識別，以前用C++寫過相關原理了，在此不在具體說明

源碼如下：

import cv2if __name__ == '__main__':matSrc = cv2.imread('C:\\Users\\d5000\\Desktop\\pic\\1.png', cv2.IMREAD_UNCHANGED)matHsv = cv2.cvtColor(matSrc, cv2.COLOR_BGR2HSV)if (matHsv[0][0][0] >= 0 and matHsv[0][0][0] <= 180) and (matHsv[0][0][1] > 0 and matHsv[0][0][1] <= 255) and (matHsv[0][0][2] >= 0 and matHsv[0][0][2] <= 46):print("黑")passelif (matHsv[0][0][0] >= 0 and matHsv[0][0][0] <= 180) and (matHsv[0][0][1] > 0 and matHsv[0][0][1] <= 43) and (matHsv[0][0][2] >= 46 and matHsv[0][0][2] <= 220):print("灰")passelif (matHsv[0][0][0] >= 0 and matHsv[0][0][0] <= 180) and (matHsv[0][0][1] > 0 and matHsv[0][0][1] <= 30) and (matHsv[0][0][2] >= 221 and matHsv[0][0][2] <= 255):print("白")passelif ((matHsv[0][0][0] >= 0 and matHsv[0][0][0] <= 10) or (matHsv[0][0][0] >= 156 and matHsv[0][0][0] < 180)) and (matHsv[0][0][1] > 43 and matHsv[0][0][1] <= 255) and (matHsv[0][0][2] >= 46 and matHsv[0][0][2] <= 255):print("紅")passelif (matHsv[0][0][0] >= 11 and matHsv[0][0][0] <= 25) and (matHsv[0][0][1] > 43 and matHsv[0][0][1] <= 255) and (matHsv[0][0][2] >= 46 and matHsv[0][0][2] <= 255):print("橙")passelif (matHsv[0][0][0] >= 26 and matHsv[0][0][0] <= 34) and (matHsv[0][0][1] > 43 and matHsv[0][0][1] <= 255) and (matHsv[0][0][2] >= 46 and matHsv[0][0][2] <= 255):print("黃")passelif (matHsv[0][0][0] >= 35 and matHsv[0][0][0] <= 77) and (matHsv[0][0][1] > 43 and matHsv[0][0][1] <= 255) and (matHsv[0][0][2] >= 46 and matHsv[0][0][2] <= 255):print("綠")passelif (matHsv[0][0][0] >= 78 and matHsv[0][0][0] <= 99) and (matHsv[0][0][1] > 43 and matHsv[0][0][1] <= 255) and (matHsv[0][0][2] >= 46 and matHsv[0][0][2] <= 255):print("青")passelif (matHsv[0][0][0] >= 100 and matHsv[0][0][0] <= 155) and (matHsv[0][0][1] > 43 and matHsv[0][0][1] <= 255) and (matHsv[0][0][2] >= 46 and matHsv[0][0][2] <= 255):print("藍")passelif (matHsv[0][0][0] >= 125 and matHsv[0][0][0] <= 155) and (matHsv[0][0][1] > 43 and matHsv[0][0][1] <= 255) and (matHsv[0][0][2] >= 46 and matHsv[0][0][2] <= 255):print("紫")passarray = matHsv[0:1][0:1][0:3]print("over")pass

程序運行截圖如下：

第一張

第二張

第三張

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