android 清屏函数,浅谈android截屏问题
做了幾個月的截屏開發，稍微了解了一下這方面的知識，于是拿來分享一下，也許對你有一些幫助吧。
我是基于android2.3.3系統之上的，想必大家應該知道在android源碼下面有個文件叫做screencap吧，位于frameworks\base\services\surfaceflinger\tests\screencap\screencap.cpp,你直接在linux下編譯(就是去screencap的文件mm，然后保存在/system/bin/test-screencap)，然后push到手機上再通過電腦去敲命令./test-screencap /mnt/sdcard/scapxx.png就可以實現截屏(不要導入到/mntsdcard，反正我是導入到system目錄里面才可以執行)。
/*
* Copyright (C) 2010 The Android Open Source Project
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
using namespace android;
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
if (argc != 2) {
printf("usage: %s path\n", argv[0]);
exit(0);
}
const String16 name("SurfaceFlinger");
sp composer;
getService(name, &composer);
sp heap;
uint32_t w, h;
PixelFormat f;
status_t err = composer->captureScreen(0, &heap, &w, &h, &f, 0, 0);
if (err != NO_ERROR) {
fprintf(stderr, "screen capture failed: %s\n", strerror(-err));
exit(0);
}
printf("screen capture success: w=%u, h=%u, pixels=%p\n",
w, h, heap->getBase());
printf("saving file as PNG in %s ...\n", argv[1]);
SkBitmap b;
b.setConfig(SkBitmap::kARGB_8888_Config, w, h);
b.setPixels(heap->getBase());
SkImageEncoder::EncodeFile(argv[1], b,
SkImageEncoder::kPNG_Type, SkImageEncoder::kDefaultQuality);
return 0;
}
其實這個程序真正用到的就是一個叫做capturescreen的函數，而capturescreen會調用captureScreenImplLocked這個函數
下面是代碼：
status_t SurfaceFlinger::captureScreenImplLocked(DisplayID dpy,
sp* heap,
uint32_t* w, uint32_t* h, PixelFormat* f,
uint32_t sw, uint32_t sh)
{
LOGI("captureScreenImplLocked");
status_t result = PERMISSION_DENIED;
// only one display supported for now
if (UNLIKELY(uint32_t(dpy) >= DISPLAY_COUNT))
return BAD_VALUE;
if (!GLExtensions::getInstance().haveFramebufferObject())
return INVALID_OPERATION;
// get screen geometry
const DisplayHardware& hw(graphicPlane(dpy).displayHardware());
const uint32_t hw_w = hw.getWidth();
const uint32_t hw_h = hw.getHeight();
if ((sw > hw_w) || (sh > hw_h))
return BAD_VALUE;
sw = (!sw) ? hw_w : sw;
sh = (!sh) ? hw_h : sh;
const size_t size = sw * sh * 4;
// make sure to clear all GL error flags
while ( glGetError() != GL_NO_ERROR ) ;
// create a FBO
GLuint name, tname;
glGenRenderbuffersOES(1, &tname);
glBindRenderbufferOES(GL_RENDERBUFFER_OES, tname);
glRenderbufferStorageOES(GL_RENDERBUFFER_OES, GL_RGBA8_OES, sw, sh);
glGenFramebuffersOES(1, &name);
glBindFramebufferOES(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_OES, name);
glFramebufferRenderbufferOES(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_OES,
GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0_OES, GL_RENDERBUFFER_OES, tname);
GLenum status = glCheckFramebufferStatusOES(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_OES);
if (status == GL_FRAMEBUFFER_COMPLETE_OES) {
// invert everything, b/c glReadPixel() below will invert the FB
glViewport(0, 0, sw, sh);
glScissor(0, 0, sw, sh);
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glPushMatrix();
glLoadIdentity();
glOrthof(0, hw_w, 0, hw_h, 0, 1);
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
// redraw the screen entirely...
glClearColor(0,0,0,1);
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
const Vector< sp >& layers(mVisibleLayersSortedByZ);
const size_t count = layers.size();
for (size_t i=0 ; i
const sp& layer(layers[i]);
layer->drawForSreenShot();
}
// XXX: this is needed on tegra
glScissor(0, 0, sw, sh);
// check for errors and return screen capture
if (glGetError() != GL_NO_ERROR) {
// error while rendering
result = INVALID_OPERATION;
} else {
// allocate shared memory large enough to hold the
// screen capture
sp base(
new MemoryHeapBase(size, 0, "screen-capture") );
void* const ptr = base->getBase();
if (ptr) {
// capture the screen with glReadPixels()
glReadPixels(0, 0, sw, sh, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, ptr);
if (glGetError() == GL_NO_ERROR) {
*heap = base;
*w = sw;
*h = sh;
*f = PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888;
result = NO_ERROR;
}
} else {
result = NO_MEMORY;
}
}
glEnable(GL_SCISSOR_TEST);
glViewport(0, 0, hw_w, hw_h);
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glPopMatrix();
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
} else {
result = BAD_VALUE;
}
// release FBO resources
glBindFramebufferOES(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_OES, 0);
glDeleteRenderbuffersOES(1, &tname);
glDeleteFramebuffersOES(1, &name);
hw.compositionComplete();
return result;
}
status_t SurfaceFlinger::captureScreen(DisplayID dpy,
sp* heap,
uint32_t* width, uint32_t* height, PixelFormat* format,
uint32_t sw, uint32_t sh)
{
LOGI("into captureScreen");
// only one display supported for now
if (UNLIKELY(uint32_t(dpy) >= DISPLAY_COUNT))
return BAD_VALUE;
if (!GLExtensions::getInstance().haveFramebufferObject())
return INVALID_OPERATION;
class MessageCaptureScreen : public MessageBase {
SurfaceFlinger* flinger;
DisplayID dpy;
sp* heap;
uint32_t* w;
uint32_t* h;
PixelFormat* f;
uint32_t sw;
uint32_t sh;
status_t result;
public:
MessageCaptureScreen(SurfaceFlinger* flinger, DisplayID dpy,
sp* heap, uint32_t* w, uint32_t* h, PixelFormat* f,
uint32_t sw, uint32_t sh)
: flinger(flinger), dpy(dpy),
heap(heap), w(w), h(h), f(f), sw(sw), sh(sh), result(PERMISSION_DENIED)
{
}
status_t getResult() const {
LOGI("getResult()");
return result;
}
virtual bool handler() {
LOGI("handler()");
Mutex::Autolock _l(flinger->mStateLock);
// if we have secure windows, never allow the screen capture
if (flinger->mSecureFrameBuffer)
return true;
result = flinger->captureScreenImplLocked(dpy,
heap, w, h, f, sw, sh);
return true;
}
};
LOGI("before messagecapturescreen");
sp msg = new MessageCaptureScreen(this,
dpy, heap, width, height, format, sw, sh);
status_t res = postMessageSync(msg);
if (res == NO_ERROR) {
res = static_cast( msg.get() )->getResult();
}
return res;
}
而這個函數關鍵又使用了opengl的幾個函數去獲得圖片，然而opengl又去read framebuffer(這是我的理解)。如果你去用jni調用so的方法去截屏的話，就可以把screencap這個文件稍微修改一下然后做成so文件，方法可以參考這篇博客：http://blog.csdn.net/zx19899891/article/details/7072291
主要是補充一下怎么去存放文件與編譯吧，當然我說的方法只是我做的方法不代表是很好用的。
存放：在eclipse新建一個android工程，保存后找到這個工程(如screencap)的存放位置 然后把這個文件放到android源代碼的development文件里面，然后在你的那個工程文件里面新建一個文件夾，名字叫做jni(這個文件夾平行于src文件夾，screencap/jni)，把上面博客提到的那個C++跟mk(screencap/jni/com_android_ScreenCap_ScreenCapNative.cpp和screencap/jni/Android.mk)文件放進去，最后在把編譯的mk文件放在screencap目錄下(screencap/Android.mk);
編譯：編譯是個很偉大的工程，需要你花大量的時間與精力。直接在終端進入工程存放的所在位置，我的是Administrator/Android.2.3.3/development，然后mm(Builds all of the modules in the current directory)，如果成功，那么你運氣比較好，在終端回提示你APK保存的位置。push進手機試一試。但是往往是不成功的。你可能會遇到一些問題，比如android.permission.ACCESS_SURFACE_FLINGER,android.permission.READ_FRAME_BUFFER(因為capturescrren這個函數是surfaceflinger里面的函數，然而surfaceflinger里面的opengl截屏函數會去讀取framebuffer)，相關源代碼是：
status_t SurfaceFlinger::onTransact(
uint32_t code, const Parcel& data, Parcel* reply, uint32_t flags)
{
switch (code) {
case CREATE_CONNECTION:
case OPEN_GLOBAL_TRANSACTION:
case CLOSE_GLOBAL_TRANSACTION:
case SET_ORIENTATION:
case FREEZE_DISPLAY:
case UNFREEZE_DISPLAY:
case BOOT_FINISHED:
case TURN_ELECTRON_BEAM_OFF:
case TURN_ELECTRON_BEAM_ON:
{
// codes that require permission check
IPCThreadState* ipc = IPCThreadState::self();
const int pid = ipc->getCallingPid();
const int uid = ipc->getCallingUid();
if ((uid != AID_GRAPHICS) && !mAccessSurfaceFlinger.check(pid, uid)) {
LOGE("Permission Denial: "
"can't access SurfaceFlinger pid=%d, uid=%d", pid, uid);
return PERMISSION_DENIED;
}
break;
}
case CAPTURE_SCREEN:
{
// codes that require permission check
IPCThreadState* ipc = IPCThreadState::self();
const int pid = ipc->getCallingPid();
const int uid = ipc->getCallingUid();
if ((uid != AID_GRAPHICS) && !mReadFramebuffer.check(pid, uid)) {
LOGE("Permission Denial: "
"can't read framebuffer pid=%d, uid=%d", pid, uid);
return PERMISSION_DENIED;
}
break;
}
}
status_t err = BnSurfaceComposer::onTransact(code, data, reply, flags);
if (err == UNKNOWN_TRANSACTION || err == PERMISSION_DENIED) {
CHECK_INTERFACE(ISurfaceComposer, data, reply);
if (UNLIKELY(!mHardwareTest.checkCalling())) {
IPCThreadState* ipc = IPCThreadState::self();
const int pid = ipc->getCallingPid();
const int uid = ipc->getCallingUid();
LOGI("err");
LOGE("Permission Denial: "
"can't access SurfaceFlinger pid=%d, uid=%d", pid, uid);
return PERMISSION_DENIED;
}
int n;
switch (code) {
case 1000: // SHOW_CPU, NOT SUPPORTED ANYMORE
case 1001: // SHOW_FPS, NOT SUPPORTED ANYMORE
return NO_ERROR;
case 1002: // SHOW_UPDATES
n = data.readInt32();
mDebugRegion = n ? n : (mDebugRegion ? 0 : 1);
return NO_ERROR;
case 1003: // SHOW_BACKGROUND
n = data.readInt32();
mDebugBackground = n ? 1 : 0;
return NO_ERROR;
case 1004:{ // repaint everything
Mutex::Autolock _l(mStateLock);
const DisplayHardware& hw(graphicPlane(0).displayHardware());
mDirtyRegion.set(hw.bounds()); // careful that's not thread-safe
signalEvent();
return NO_ERROR;
}
case 1005:{ // force transaction
setTransactionFlags(eTransactionNeeded|eTraversalNeeded);
return NO_ERROR;
}
case 1006:{ // enable/disable GraphicLog
int enabled = data.readInt32();
GraphicLog::getInstance().setEnabled(enabled);
return NO_ERROR;
}
case 1007: // set mFreezeCount
mFreezeCount = data.readInt32();
mFreezeDisplayTime = 0;
return NO_ERROR;
case 1010: // interrogate.
reply->writeInt32(0);
reply->writeInt32(0);
reply->writeInt32(mDebugRegion);
reply->writeInt32(mDebugBackground);
return NO_ERROR;
case 1013: {
Mutex::Autolock _l(mStateLock);
const DisplayHardware& hw(graphicPlane(0).displayHardware());
reply->writeInt32(hw.getPageFlipCount());
}
return NO_ERROR;
}
}
return err;
}
這個僅僅只是開始！你會發現你即使在xml里面添加相應的權限仍然會有這個問題出現，為什么呢？在packageManger文件里面發現相關代碼：
int checkSignaturesLP(Signature[] s1, Signature[] s2) {
if (s1 == null) {
return s2 == null
? PackageManager.SIGNATURE_NEITHER_SIGNED
: PackageManager.SIGNATURE_FIRST_NOT_SIGNED;
}
if (s2 == null) {
return PackageManager.SIGNATURE_SECOND_NOT_SIGNED;
}
HashSet set1 = new HashSet();
for (Signature sig : s1) {
set1.add(sig);
}
HashSet set2 = new HashSet();
for (Signature sig : s2) {
set2.add(sig);
}
// Make sure s2 contains all signatures in s1.
if (set1.equals(set2)) {
return PackageManager.SIGNATURE_MATCH;
}
return PackageManager.SIGNATURE_NO_MATCH;
}
// Check for shared user signatures
if (pkgSetting.sharedUser != null && pkgSetting.sharedUser.signatures.mSignatures != null) {
if (checkSignaturesLP(pkgSetting.sharedUser.signatures.mSignatures,
pkg.mSignatures) != PackageManager.SIGNATURE_MATCH) {
Slog.e(TAG, "Package " + pkg.packageName
+ " has no signatures that match those in shared user "
+ pkgSetting.sharedUser.name + "; ignoring!");
mLastScanError = PackageManager.INSTALL_FAILED_SHARED_USER_INCOMPATIBLE;
return false;
}
}
return true;
private boolean verifySignaturesLP(PackageSetting pkgSetting,
PackageParser.Package pkg) {
// Check for shared user signatures
if (pkgSetting.sharedUser != null && pkgSetting.sharedUser.signatures.mSignatures != null) {
if (checkSignaturesLP(pkgSetting.sharedUser.signatures.mSignatures,
pkg.mSignatures) != PackageManager.SIGNATURE_MATCH) {
Slog.e(TAG, "Package " + pkg.packageName
+ " has no signatures that match those in shared user "
+ pkgSetting.sharedUser.name + "; ignoring!");
mLastScanError = PackageManager.INSTALL_FAILED_SHARED_USER_INCOMPATIBLE;
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
你在終端輸入adb logcat | grep PackageManager 你會發現這兩個權限根本沒有賦予給你的apk，我的理解是，程序需要權限，然后apk仍然需要權限。那怎么樣給apk賦予權限呢，兩個方法，一個是在我上面說的screencap/Android.mk里面添加platform一行，然后在回到mm。還有一個方法就是通過sign。這兩個方法都是給apk賦予system權限，但是我試過這兩種方法，都有問題，就是在adb install的時候會顯示簽名不兼容，查看源代碼會發現uid跟gid不匹配。這些是我這段時間發現的問題，大家有問題可以交流交流。
再說說幾個簡單的應用層截屏吧，很簡單，就是幾個函數調用而已
View view = getWindow().getDecorView();
Display display = this.getWindowManager().getDefaultDisplay();
view.layout(0, 0, display.getWidth(), display.getHeight());
view.setDrawingCacheEnabled(true);//允許當前窗口保存緩存信息，這樣 getDrawingCache()方法才會返回一個Bitmap
Bitmap bmp = Bitmap.createBitmap(view.getDrawingCache());
我對這個程序的理解就是，它僅僅只能截取當前的activity，也就是說如果你運行這個程序后它就截取你這個程序的當前屏幕的信息。我們假設你做成一個按鈕，在點擊按鈕后sleep5秒再調用這個方法(假設你的activity叫做screen)。當你點擊按鈕以后，然后你再點擊home或者返回按鈕，等到5秒后你那個程序就會截取到你當前屏幕？不是！它只會截取那個運行于后臺的screen這個activity。
還有個截屏的方法就是用OPENGL。
這里有我的opengl截屏的程序，方便的話可以下載后去看看。
這些只是我的一點小小的總結，而且肯定有不對的地方，希望大家一起來解決截屏的問題！
總結
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