mysql 对部分表binlog_MySQL抑制binlog日志中的binlog部分
MySQL通過binlog來記錄整個數據的變更過程，因此我們只要有MySQL的binlog日志即可完整的還原數據庫。MySQL binlog日志記錄有3種不同的方式，即：STATEMENT，MIXED，ROW。對于不同的日志模式，生成的binlog有不同的記錄方式。對于MIXED(部分SQL語句)和ROW模式是以base-64方式記錄，會以BINLOG開頭，是一段偽SQL，我們可以用使用base64-output參數來抑制其顯示。本文對此給出了描述及演示。
1、mysqlbinlog之base64-output參數
This option determines when events should be displayed encoded as base-64 strings usingBINLOGstatements. The option has these permissible values (not case sensitive):
AUTO("automatic") orUNSPEC("unspecified") displaysBINLOGstatements automatically when necessary (that is, for format description events and row events). If no--base64-outputoption is given, the effect is the same as--base64-output=AUTO.
NEVERcausesBINLOGstatements not to be displayed.mysqlbinlogexits with an error if a row event is found that must be displayed usingBINLOG.
DECODE-ROWSspecifies tomysqlbinlogthat you intend for row events to be decoded and displayed as commented SQL statements by also specifying the--verboseoption.LikeNEVER,DECODE-ROWSsuppresses display ofstatements, but unlikeNEVER, it does not exit with an error if a row event is found.
以上描述對于binlog日志中的BINLOG部分，如果要過慮掉需要指定DECODE-ROWS以及--verbose選項。
The SQL statements produced by--verbosefor row events are much more readable than the correspondingBINLOGstatements.However, they do not correspond exactly to the original SQL statements that generated the events.The following limitations apply:
--verbose選項可以獲取更多的可讀信息，但是并不是一個原始的SQL語句(類似的)。
·The original column names are lost and replaced by@N, whereNis a column number.
·Character set information is not available in the binary log, which affects string column display:
There is no distinction made between corresponding binary and nonbinary string types (BINARYandCHAR,VARBINARYandVARCHAR,BLOBandTEXT). The output uses a data type ofSTRINGfor fixed-length strings andVARSTRINGfor variable-length strings.
For multibyte character sets, the maximum number of bytes per character is not present in the binary log, so the length for string types is displayed in bytes rather than in characters. For example,STRING(4)will be used as the data type for values from either of these column types:
CHAR(4) CHARACTER SET latin1
CHAR(2) CHARACTER SET ucs2
Due to the storage format for events of typeUPDATE_ROWS_EVENT,UPDATEstatements are displayed with theWHEREclause preceding theSETclause.
Proper interpretation of row events requires the information from the format description event at the beginning of the binary log. Becausemysqlbinlogdoes not know in advance whether the rest of the log contains row events, by default it displays the format description event using aBINLOGstatement in the initial part of the output.
If the binary log is known not to contain any events requiring aBINLOGstatement (that is, no row events), the--base64-output=NEVERoption can be used to prevent this header from being written.
2、演示生成binlog日志
--環境
mysql> show variables like 'version';
+---------------+------------+
| Variable_name | Value? ? ? |
+---------------+------------+
| version? ? ? | 5.6.12-log |
+---------------+------------+
--如下查詢binlog為row記錄模式
mysql> show variables like 'binlog_for%';
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| binlog_format | ROW? |
+---------------+-------+
mysql> reset master;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> show master status;
+-----------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File? ? ? ? ? ? | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+-----------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| APP01bin.000001 |? ? ? 120 |? ? ? ? ? ? ? |? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? |? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? |
+-----------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
mysql> use test;
Database changed
--創建表t1
mysql> create table t1(id smallint,val varchar(20));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
--插入單條記錄
mysql> insert into t1 values(1,'robin');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
--清空表
mysql> truncate table t1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
--查看binlog events
mysql> show binlog events;
+-----------------+-----+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------------------------------------------------------+
| Log_name? ? ? ? | Pos | Event_type? | Server_id | End_log_pos | Info? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? |
+-----------------+-----+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------------------------------------------------------+
| APP01bin.000001 |? 4 | Format_desc |? ? ? ? 11 |? ? ? ? 120 | Server ver: 5.6.12-log, Binlog ver: 4? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? |
| APP01bin.000001 | 120 | Query? ? ? |? ? ? ? 11 |? ? ? ? 238 | use `test`; create table t1(id smallint,val varchar(20)) |
| APP01bin.000001 | 238 | Query? ? ? |? ? ? ? 11 |? ? ? ? 310 | BEGIN? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? |
| APP01bin.000001 | 310 | Table_map? |? ? ? ? 11 |? ? ? ? 358 | table_id: 74 (test.t1)? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? |
| APP01bin.000001 | 358 | Write_rows? |? ? ? ? 11 |? ? ? ? 402 | table_id: 74 flags: STMT_END_F? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? |
| APP01bin.000001 | 402 | Xid? ? ? ? |? ? ? ? 11 |? ? ? ? 433 | COMMIT /* xid=30 */? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? |
| APP01bin.000001 | 433 | Query? ? ? |? ? ? ? 11 |? ? ? ? 517 | use `test`; truncate table t1? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? |
+-----------------+-----+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------------------------------------------------------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
--獲取binlog位置
mysql> show variables like 'log_bin_basename';
+------------------+--------------------+
| Variable_name? ? | Value? ? ? ? ? ? ? |
+------------------+--------------------+
| log_bin_basename | /opt/data/APP01bin |
+------------------+--------------------+
3、演示提取binlog日志#未使用base64-output選項的情形，即缺省值為AUTO
SHELL>? mysqlbinlog /opt/data/APP01bin.000001|grep truncate -B15
# at 310
#141218 16:28:05 server id 11? end_log_pos 358 CRC32 0xe0025004? ? ? ? Table_map: `test`.`t1` mapped to number 74
# at 358
#141218 16:28:05 server id 11? end_log_pos 402 CRC32 0x3452dcfe? ? ? ? Write_rows: table id 74 flags: STMT_END_F
BINLOG '? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? #這個BINLOG部分是真實的SQL語句，無法看到具體內容
FZCSVBMLAAAAMAAAAGYBAAAAAEoAAAAAAAEABHRlc3QAAnQxAAICDwI8AAMEUALg
FZCSVB4LAAAALAAAAJIBAAAAAEoAAAAAAAEAAgAC//wBAAVyb2Jpbv7cUjQ=
'/*!*/;
# at 402
#141218 16:28:05 server id 11? end_log_pos 433 CRC32 0xbe26740a? ? ? ? Xid = 30
COMMIT/*!*/;
# at 433
#141218 16:29:00 server id 11? end_log_pos 517 CRC32 0x89c52d6a? ? ? ? Query? thread_id=1? ? exec_time=0? ? error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1418891340/*!*/;
truncate table t1
#使用-v參數的情形，可以看到我們操作生成的SQL語句了，為insert into之類的形式，如果-vv則輸出列的描述信息
#BINLOG部分依舊被顯示出來
SHELL>? mysqlbinlog -v /opt/data/APP01bin.000001|grep truncate -B20
/*!*/;
# at 310
#141218 16:28:05 server id 11? end_log_pos 358 CRC32 0xe0025004? ? ? ? Table_map: `test`.`t1` mapped to number 74
# at 358
#141218 16:28:05 server id 11? end_log_pos 402 CRC32 0x3452dcfe? ? ? ? Write_rows: table id 74 flags: STMT_END_F
BINLOG '
FZCSVBMLAAAAMAAAAGYBAAAAAEoAAAAAAAEABHRlc3QAAnQxAAICDwI8AAMEUALg
FZCSVB4LAAAALAAAAJIBAAAAAEoAAAAAAAEAAgAC//wBAAVyb2Jpbv7cUjQ=
'/*!*/;
### INSERT INTO `test`.`t1`
### SET
###? @1=1
###? @2='robin'
# at 402
#141218 16:28:05 server id 11? end_log_pos 433 CRC32 0xbe26740a? ? ? ? Xid = 30
COMMIT/*!*/;
# at 433
#141218 16:29:00 server id 11? end_log_pos 517 CRC32 0x89c52d6a? ? ? ? Query? thread_id=1? ? exec_time=0? ? error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1418891340/*!*/;
truncate table t1
#添加--base64-output=DECODE-ROWS選項來抑制BINLOG的顯示，如下我們看不到了BINLOG部分
SHELL>? mysqlbinlog --base64-output=DECODE-ROWS -v /opt/data/APP01bin.000001|grep truncate -B20
/*!*/;
# at 238
#141218 16:28:05 server id 11? end_log_pos 310 CRC32 0x60507739? ? ? ? Query? thread_id=1? ? exec_time=0? ? error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1418891285/*!*/;
BEGIN
/*!*/;
# at 310
#141218 16:28:05 server id 11? end_log_pos 358 CRC32 0xe0025004? ? ? ? Table_map: `test`.`t1` mapped to number 74
# at 358
#141218 16:28:05 server id 11? end_log_pos 402 CRC32 0x3452dcfe? ? ? ? Write_rows: table id 74 flags: STMT_END_F
### INSERT INTO `test`.`t1`
### SET
###? @1=1
###? @2='robin'
# at 402
#141218 16:28:05 server id 11? end_log_pos 433 CRC32 0xbe26740a? ? ? ? Xid = 30
COMMIT/*!*/;
# at 433
#141218 16:29:00 server id 11? end_log_pos 517 CRC32 0x89c52d6a? ? ? ? Query? thread_id=1? ? exec_time=0? ? error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1418891340/*!*/;
truncate table t1
#此時使用mysqlbinlog做一個不完全恢復
SHELL>? mysqlbinlog --database=test --start-position="238" --stop-position="433" /opt/data/APP01bin.000001 |mysql -uroot -p --database=test
Enter password:
#查看恢復后的結果
SHELL>? mysql -uroot -p -e "select * from test.t1"
Enter password:
+------+-------+
| id? | val? |
+------+-------+
|? ? 1 | robin |
+------+-------+
總結
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