<stdint.h> 定義了 int16_t 、 uint32_t 、 int64_t 等整型，在需要確定大小的整型時(shí)可以使用它們代替 short 、 unsigned long long 等，在 C 整型中，只使用 int 。適當(dāng)情況下，推 薦使用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)類型如 size_t 和 ptrdiff_t 。

最常使用的是，對(duì)整數(shù)來(lái)說(shuō)，通常不會(huì)用到太大，如循環(huán)計(jì)數(shù)等，可以使用普通的 int 。 你可以認(rèn)為 int 至少為 32 位，但不要認(rèn)為它會(huì)多于 32 位，需要 64 位整型的話，可以使用int64_t 或 uint64_t 。對(duì)于大整數(shù)，使用 int64_t 。

不要使用 uint32_t 等無(wú)符號(hào)整型，除非你是在表示一個(gè) 位組（ bit pattern ） 而不是一個(gè) 數(shù)值。即使數(shù)值不會(huì)為負(fù)值也不要使用無(wú)符號(hào)類型，使用斷言來(lái)保護(hù)數(shù)據(jù)。

有些人，包括一些教科書作者，推薦使用無(wú)符號(hào)類型表示非負(fù)數(shù)，類型表明了數(shù)值取值形 式 。但是，在 C 語(yǔ)言中，這一優(yōu)點(diǎn)被由其導(dǎo)致的 bugs 所淹沒(méi)。看看：

for (unsigned int i = foo.Length()-1; i >= 0; --i)?
上述代碼永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)終止！有時(shí) gcc 會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)該 bug 并報(bào)警，但通常不會(huì)。類似的 bug 還會(huì) 出現(xiàn)在比較有符合變量和無(wú)符號(hào)變量時(shí)，主要是 C 的 類型提升機(jī)制（ type-promotion
scheme ， C 語(yǔ)言中各種內(nèi)建類型之間的提升轉(zhuǎn)換關(guān)系） 會(huì)致使無(wú)符號(hào)類型的行為出乎你 的意料。因此，使用斷言聲明變量為非負(fù)數(shù)，不要使用無(wú)符號(hào)型。

以下內(nèi)容轉(zhuǎn)載自http://apps.hi.baidu.com/share/detail/32935657

[cpp] view plaincopy print?

按照posix標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，一般整型對(duì)應(yīng)的*_t類型為：??

1字節(jié)?????uint8_t??

2字節(jié)?????uint16_t??

4字節(jié)?????uint32_t??

8字節(jié)?????uint64_t??

按照posix標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，一般整型對(duì)應(yīng)的*_t類型為： 1字節(jié) uint8_t 2字節(jié) uint16_t 4字節(jié) uint32_t 8字節(jié) uint64_t

stdint.h文件如下：

[cpp] view plaincopy print?

/*?Copyright?(C)?1997,?1998,?1999,?2000,?2001?Free?Software?Foundation,?Inc.?

This?file?is?part?of?the?GNU?C?Library.?

?

The?GNU?C?Library?is?free?software;?you?can?redistribute?it?and/or?

modify?it?under?the?terms?of?the?GNU?Lesser?General?Public?

License?as?published?by?the?Free?Software?Foundation;?either?

version?2.1?of?the?License,?or?(at?your?option)?any?later?version.?

?

The?GNU?C?Library?is?distributed?in?the?hope?that?it?will?be?useful,?

but?WITHOUT?ANY?WARRANTY;?without?even?the?implied?warranty?of?

MERCHANTABILITY?or?FITNESS?FOR?A?PARTICULAR?PURPOSE.?See?the?GNU?

Lesser?General?Public?License?for?more?details.?

?

You?should?have?received?a?copy?of?the?GNU?Lesser?General?Public?

License?along?with?the?GNU?C?Library;?if?not,?write?to?the?Free?

Software?Foundation,?Inc.,?59?Temple?Place,?Suite?330,?Boston,?MA?

02111-1307?USA.?*/??

??

/*?

*?ISO?C99:?7.18?Integer?types?<stdint.h>?

*/??

??

#ifndef?_STDINT_H??

#define?_STDINT_H???1??

??

#include?<features.h>??

#include?<bits/wchar.h>??

#include?<bits/wordsize.h>??

??

/*?Exact?integral?types.?*/??

??

/*?Signed.?*/??

??

/*?There?is?some?amount?of?overlap?with?<sys/types.h>?as?known?by?inet?code?*/??

#ifndef?__int8_t_defined??

#?define?__int8_t_defined??

typedef?signed?char?????int8_t;??

typedef?short?int???????int16_t;??

typedef?int?????????int32_t;??

#?if?__WORDSIZE?==?64??

typedef?long?int????????int64_t;??

#?else??

__extension__??

typedef?long?long?int???????int64_t;??

#?endif??

#endif??

??

/*?Unsigned.?*/??

typedef?unsigned?char???????uint8_t;??

typedef?unsigned?short?int?uint16_t;??

#ifndef?__uint32_t_defined??

typedef?unsigned?int????????uint32_t;??

#?define?__uint32_t_defined??

#endif??

#if?__WORDSIZE?==?64??

typedef?unsigned?long?int???uint64_t;??

#else??

__extension__??

typedef?unsigned?long?long?int?uint64_t;??

#endif??

??

??

/*?Small?types.?*/??

??

/*?Signed.?*/??

typedef?signed?char?????int_least8_t;??

typedef?short?int???????int_least16_t;??

typedef?int?????????int_least32_t;??

#if?__WORDSIZE?==?64??

typedef?long?int????????int_least64_t;??

#else??

__extension__??

typedef?long?long?int???????int_least64_t;??

#endif??

??

/*?Unsigned.?*/??

typedef?unsigned?char???????uint_least8_t;??

typedef?unsigned?short?int?uint_least16_t;??

typedef?unsigned?int????????uint_least32_t;??

#if?__WORDSIZE?==?64??

typedef?unsigned?long?int???uint_least64_t;??

#else??

__extension__??

typedef?unsigned?long?long?int?uint_least64_t;??

#endif??

??

??

/*?Fast?types.?*/??

??

/*?Signed.?*/??

typedef?signed?char?????int_fast8_t;??

#if?__WORDSIZE?==?64??

typedef?long?int????????int_fast16_t;??

typedef?long?int????????int_fast32_t;??

typedef?long?int????????int_fast64_t;??

#else??

typedef?int?????????int_fast16_t;??

typedef?int?????????int_fast32_t;??

__extension__??

typedef?long?long?int???????int_fast64_t;??

#endif??

??

/*?Unsigned.?*/??

typedef?unsigned?char???????uint_fast8_t;??

#if?__WORDSIZE?==?64??

typedef?unsigned?long?int???uint_fast16_t;??

typedef?unsigned?long?int???uint_fast32_t;??

typedef?unsigned?long?int???uint_fast64_t;??

#else??

typedef?unsigned?int????????uint_fast16_t;??

typedef?unsigned?int????????uint_fast32_t;??

__extension__??

typedef?unsigned?long?long?int?uint_fast64_t;??

#endif??

??

??

/*?Types?for?`void?*'?pointers.?*/??

#if?__WORDSIZE?==?64??

#?ifndef?__intptr_t_defined??

typedef?long?int????????intptr_t;??

#?define?__intptr_t_defined??

#?endif??

typedef?unsigned?long?int???uintptr_t;??

#else??

#?ifndef?__intptr_t_defined??

typedef?int?????????intptr_t;??

#?define?__intptr_t_defined??

#?endif??

typedef?unsigned?int????????uintptr_t;??

#endif??

??

??

/*?Largest?integral?types.?*/??

#if?__WORDSIZE?==?64??

typedef?long?int????????intmax_t;??

typedef?unsigned?long?int???uintmax_t;??

#else??

__extension__??

typedef?long?long?int???????intmax_t;??

__extension__??

typedef?unsigned?long?long?int?uintmax_t;??

#endif??

??

??

/*?The?ISO?C99?standard?specifies?that?in?C++?implementations?these?

macros?should?only?be?defined?if?explicitly?requested.?*/??

#if?!defined?__cplusplus?||?defined?__STDC_LIMIT_MACROS??

??

#?if?__WORDSIZE?==?64??

#?define?__INT64_C(c)?c?##?L??

#?define?__UINT64_C(c)?c?##?UL??

#?else??

#?define?__INT64_C(c)?c?##?LL??

#?define?__UINT64_C(c)?c?##?ULL??

#?endif??

??

/*?Limits?of?integral?types.?*/??

??

/*?Minimum?of?signed?integral?types.?*/??

#?define?INT8_MIN???????(-128)??

#?define?INT16_MIN??????(-32767-1)??

#?define?INT32_MIN??????(-2147483647-1)??

#?define?INT64_MIN??????(-__INT64_C(9223372036854775807)-1)??

/*?Maximum?of?signed?integral?types.?*/??

#?define?INT8_MAX???????(127)??

#?define?INT16_MAX??????(32767)??

#?define?INT32_MAX??????(2147483647)??

#?define?INT64_MAX??????(__INT64_C(9223372036854775807))??

??

/*?Maximum?of?unsigned?integral?types.?*/??

#?define?UINT8_MAX??????(255)??

#?define?UINT16_MAX?????(65535)??

#?define?UINT32_MAX?????(4294967295U)??

#?define?UINT64_MAX?????(__UINT64_C(18446744073709551615))??

??

??

/*?Minimum?of?signed?integral?types?having?a?minimum?size.?*/??

#?define?INT_LEAST8_MIN?????(-128)??

#?define?INT_LEAST16_MIN????(-32767-1)??

#?define?INT_LEAST32_MIN????(-2147483647-1)??

#?define?INT_LEAST64_MIN????(-__INT64_C(9223372036854775807)-1)??

/*?Maximum?of?signed?integral?types?having?a?minimum?size.?*/??

#?define?INT_LEAST8_MAX?????(127)??

#?define?INT_LEAST16_MAX????(32767)??

#?define?INT_LEAST32_MAX????(2147483647)??

#?define?INT_LEAST64_MAX????(__INT64_C(9223372036854775807))??

??

/*?Maximum?of?unsigned?integral?types?having?a?minimum?size.?*/??

#?define?UINT_LEAST8_MAX????(255)??

#?define?UINT_LEAST16_MAX???(65535)??

#?define?UINT_LEAST32_MAX???(4294967295U)??

#?define?UINT_LEAST64_MAX???(__UINT64_C(18446744073709551615))??

??

??

/*?Minimum?of?fast?signed?integral?types?having?a?minimum?size.?*/??

#?define?INT_FAST8_MIN??????(-128)??

#?if?__WORDSIZE?==?64??

#?define?INT_FAST16_MIN????(-9223372036854775807L-1)??

#?define?INT_FAST32_MIN????(-9223372036854775807L-1)??

#?else??

#?define?INT_FAST16_MIN????(-2147483647-1)??

#?define?INT_FAST32_MIN????(-2147483647-1)??

#?endif??

#?define?INT_FAST64_MIN?????(-__INT64_C(9223372036854775807)-1)??

/*?Maximum?of?fast?signed?integral?types?having?a?minimum?size.?*/??

#?define?INT_FAST8_MAX??????(127)??

#?if?__WORDSIZE?==?64??

#?define?INT_FAST16_MAX????(9223372036854775807L)??

#?define?INT_FAST32_MAX????(9223372036854775807L)??

#?else??

#?define?INT_FAST16_MAX????(2147483647)??

#?define?INT_FAST32_MAX????(2147483647)??

#?endif??

#?define?INT_FAST64_MAX?????(__INT64_C(9223372036854775807))??

??

/*?Maximum?of?fast?unsigned?integral?types?having?a?minimum?size.?*/??

#?define?UINT_FAST8_MAX?????(255)??

#?if?__WORDSIZE?==?64??

#?define?UINT_FAST16_MAX???(18446744073709551615UL)??

#?define?UINT_FAST32_MAX???(18446744073709551615UL)??

#?else??

#?define?UINT_FAST16_MAX???(4294967295U)??

#?define?UINT_FAST32_MAX???(4294967295U)??

#?endif??

#?define?UINT_FAST64_MAX????(__UINT64_C(18446744073709551615))??

??

??

/*?Values?to?test?for?integral?types?holding?`void?*'?pointer.?*/??

#?if?__WORDSIZE?==?64??

#?define?INTPTR_MIN????????(-9223372036854775807L-1)??

#?define?INTPTR_MAX????????(9223372036854775807L)??

#?define?UINTPTR_MAX???????(18446744073709551615UL)??

#?else??

#?define?INTPTR_MIN????????(-2147483647-1)??

#?define?INTPTR_MAX????????(2147483647)??

#?define?UINTPTR_MAX???????(4294967295U)??

#?endif??

??

??

/*?Minimum?for?largest?signed?integral?type.?*/??

#?define?INTMAX_MIN?????(-__INT64_C(9223372036854775807)-1)??

/*?Maximum?for?largest?signed?integral?type.?*/??

#?define?INTMAX_MAX?????(__INT64_C(9223372036854775807))??

??

/*?Maximum?for?largest?unsigned?integral?type.?*/??

#?define?UINTMAX_MAX????????(__UINT64_C(18446744073709551615))??

??

??

/*?Limits?of?other?integer?types.?*/??

??

/*?Limits?of?`ptrdiff_t'?type.?*/??

#?if?__WORDSIZE?==?64??

#?define?PTRDIFF_MIN???????(-9223372036854775807L-1)??

#?define?PTRDIFF_MAX???????(9223372036854775807L)??

#?else??

#?define?PTRDIFF_MIN???????(-2147483647-1)??

#?define?PTRDIFF_MAX???????(2147483647)??

#?endif??

??

/*?Limits?of?`sig_atomic_t'.?*/??

#?define?SIG_ATOMIC_MIN?????(-2147483647-1)??

#?define?SIG_ATOMIC_MAX?????(2147483647)??

??

/*?Limit?of?`size_t'?type.?*/??

#?if?__WORDSIZE?==?64??

#?define?SIZE_MAX??????(18446744073709551615UL)??

#?else??

#?define?SIZE_MAX??????(4294967295U)??

#?endif??

??

/*?Limits?of?`wchar_t'.?*/??

#?ifndef?WCHAR_MIN??

/*?These?constants?might?also?be?defined?in?<wchar.h>.?*/??

#?define?WCHAR_MIN?????__WCHAR_MIN??

#?define?WCHAR_MAX?????__WCHAR_MAX??

#?endif??

??

/*?Limits?of?`wint_t'.?*/??

#?define?WINT_MIN???????(0u)??

#?define?WINT_MAX???????(4294967295u)??

??

#endif?/*?C++?&&?limit?macros?*/??

??

??

/*?The?ISO?C99?standard?specifies?that?in?C++?implementations?these?

should?only?be?defined?if?explicitly?requested.?*/??

#if?!defined?__cplusplus?||?defined?__STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS??

??

/*?Signed.?*/??

#?define?INT8_C(c)?c??

#?define?INT16_C(c)?c??

#?define?INT32_C(c)?c??

#?if?__WORDSIZE?==?64??

#?define?INT64_C(c)????c?##?L??

#?else??

#?define?INT64_C(c)????c?##?LL??

#?endif??

??

/*?Unsigned.?*/??

#?define?UINT8_C(c)?c?##?U??

#?define?UINT16_C(c)????c?##?U??

#?define?UINT32_C(c)????c?##?U??

#?if?__WORDSIZE?==?64??

#?define?UINT64_C(c)???c?##?UL??

#?else??

#?define?UINT64_C(c)???c?##?ULL??

#?endif??

??

/*?Maximal?type.?*/??

#?if?__WORDSIZE?==?64??

#?define?INTMAX_C(c)???c?##?L??

#?define?UINTMAX_C(c)?c?##?UL??

#?else??

#?define?INTMAX_C(c)???c?##?LL??

#?define?UINTMAX_C(c)?c?##?ULL??

#?endif??

??

#endif?/*?C++?&&?constant?macros?*/??

??

#endif?/*?stdint.h?*/??

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