[转载]oracle常用经典SQL查询
select t.tablespace_name, round(sum(bytes/(1024*1024)),0) ts_size?from dba_tablespaces t, dba_data_files d?where t.tablespace_name = d.tablespace_name?group by t.tablespace_name;
?
2、查看表空間物理文件的名稱及大小?
select tablespace_name, file_id, file_name,round(bytes/(1024*1024),0) total_space?from dba_data_files?order by tablespace_name;
?
3、查看回滾段名稱及大小
select segment_name, tablespace_name, r.status,(initial_extent/1024) InitialExtent,(next_extent/1024) NextExtent,max_extents, v.curext CurExtent?From dba_rollback_segs r, v$rollstat v?Where r.segment_id = v.usn(+)?order by segment_name;
?
4、查看控制文件
select name from v$controlfile;
?
5、查看日志文件
select member from v$logfile;
?
6、查看表空間的使用情況
select sum(bytes)/(1024*1024) as free_space,tablespace_name?from dba_free_space?group by tablespace_name;
?
SELECT A.TABLESPACE_NAME,A.BYTES TOTAL,B.BYTES USED, C.BYTES FREE,(B.BYTES*100)/A.BYTES "% USED",(C.BYTES*100)/A.BYTES "% FREE"?FROM SYS.SM$TS_AVAIL A,SYS.SM$TS_USED B,SYS.SM$TS_FREE C?WHERE A.TABLESPACE_NAME=B.TABLESPACE_NAME AND A.TABLESPACE_NAME=C.TABLESPACE_NAME;
?
7、查看數(shù)據(jù)庫庫對象
select owner, object_type, status, count(*) count# from all_objects group by owner, object_type, status;
?
8、查看數(shù)據(jù)庫的版本
Select version FROM Product_component_version?Where SUBSTR(PRODUCT,1,6)='Oracle';
?
9、查看數(shù)據(jù)庫的創(chuàng)建日期和歸檔方式
Select Created, Log_Mode, Log_Mode From V$Database;
?
10、捕捉運行很久的SQL
column username format a12
column opname format a16
column progress format a8
select username,sid,opname,round(sofar*100 / totalwork,0) || '%' as progress,time_remaining,sql_text?from v$session_longops , v$sql?where time_remaining <> 0?and sql_address = address?and sql_hash_value = hash_value
11.查看數(shù)據(jù)表的參數(shù)信息
SELECT?? partition_name, high_value, high_value_length, tablespace_name,pct_free, pct_used, ini_trans, max_trans, initial_extent,?next_extent, min_extent, max_extent, pct_increase, FREELISTS,?freelist_groups, LOGGING, BUFFER_POOL, num_rows, blocks,?empty_blocks, avg_space, chain_cnt, avg_row_len, sample_size,?last_analyzed?FROM dba_tab_partitions?WHERE table_name = :tname AND table_owner = :towner?ORDER BY partition_position
?
12.查看還沒提交的事務(wù)
select * from v$locked_object;
select * from v$transaction;
?
13.查找object為哪些進程所用
select?p.spid,s.sid,s.serial# serial_num,s.username user_name,a.type? object_type,s.osuser os_user_name,a.owner,a.object object_name,decode(sign(48 - command),1,to_char(command), 'Action Code #' || to_char(command) ) action,p.program oracle_process,s.terminal terminal,s.program program,s.status session_status ?from v$session s, v$access a, v$process p ?where s.paddr = p.addr and?s.type = 'USER' and ???a.sid = s.sid ?and?a.object='SUBSCRIBER_ATTR'?order by s.username, s.osuser
?
14。回滾段查看
select rownum, sys.dba_rollback_segs.segment_name Name, v$rollstat.extents
Extents, v$rollstat.rssize Size_in_Bytes, v$rollstat.xacts XActs,
v$rollstat.gets Gets, v$rollstat.waits Waits, v$rollstat.writes Writes,
sys.dba_rollback_segs.status status from v$rollstat, sys.dba_rollback_segs,
v$rollname where v$rollname.name(+) = sys.dba_rollback_segs.segment_name and
v$rollstat.usn (+) = v$rollname.usn order by rownum
?
15。耗資源的進程（top session）
select s.schemaname schema_name,??? decode(sign(48 - command), 1,
to_char(command), 'Action Code #' || to_char(command) ) action,??? status
session_status,?? s.osuser os_user_name,?? s.sid,???????? p.spid ,???????? s.serial# serial_num,??
nvl(s.username, '[Oracle process]') user_name,?? s.terminal terminal,? ??
s.program program,?? st.value criteria_value? from v$sesstat st,?? v$session s? , v$process p??
where st.sid = s.sid and?? st.statistic# = to_number('38') and?? ('ALL' = 'ALL'
or s.status = 'ALL') and p.addr = s.paddr order by st.value desc,? p.spid asc, s.username asc, s.osuser asc
?
16。查看鎖（lock）情況
select ls.osuser os_user_name,?? ls.username user_name,??
decode(ls.type, 'RW', 'Row wait enqueue lock', 'TM', 'DML enqueue lock', 'TX',
'Transaction enqueue lock', 'UL', 'User supplied lock') lock_type,??
o.object_name object,?? decode(ls.lmode, 1, null, 2, 'Row Share', 3,
'Row Exclusive', 4, 'Share', 5, 'Share Row Exclusive', 6, 'Exclusive', null)
lock_mode,??? o.owner,?? ls.sid,?? ls.serial# serial_num,?? ls.id1,?? ls.id2???
from sys.dba_objects o, (?? select s.osuser,??? s.username,??? l.type,????
l.lmode,??? s.sid,??? s.serial#,??? l.id1,??? l.id2?? from v$session s,????
v$lock l?? where s.sid = l.sid ) ls? where o.object_id = ls.id1 and??? o.owner
<> 'SYS'?? order by o.owner, o.object_name
?
17。查看等待（wait）情況
SELECT v$waitstat.class, v$waitstat.count count, SUM(v$sysstat.value) sum_value
FROM v$waitstat, v$sysstat WHERE v$sysstat.name IN ('db block gets',
'consistent gets') group by v$waitstat.class, v$waitstat.count
?
18。查看sga情況
SELECT NAME, BYTES FROM SYS.V_$SGASTAT ORDER BY NAME ASC
?
19。查看catched object
SELECT owner,????????????? name,????????????? db_link,????????????? namespace,?
?????????? type,????????????? sharable_mem,????????????? loads,????????????? executions,??
?????? ???locks,????????????? pins,????????????? kept??????? FROM v$db_object_cache
?????????
20。查看V$SQLAREA
SELECT SQL_TEXT, SHARABLE_MEM, PERSISTENT_MEM, RUNTIME_MEM, SORTS,
VERSION_COUNT, LOADED_VERSIONS, OPEN_VERSIONS, USERS_OPENING, EXECUTIONS,
USERS_EXECUTING, LOADS, FIRST_LOAD_TIME, INVALIDATIONS, PARSE_CALLS, DISK_READS,
BUFFER_GETS, ROWS_PROCESSED FROM V$SQLAREA
?
21。查看object分類數(shù)量
select decode (o.type#,1,'INDEX' , 2,'TABLE' , 3 , 'CLUSTER' , 4, 'VIEW' , 5 ,
'SYNONYM' , 6 , 'SEQUENCE' , 'OTHER' ) object_type , count(*) quantity from
sys.obj$ o where o.type# > 1 group by decode (o.type#,1,'INDEX' , 2,'TABLE' , 3
, 'CLUSTER' , 4, 'VIEW' , 5 , 'SYNONYM' , 6 , 'SEQUENCE' , 'OTHER' ) union select
'COLUMN' , count(*) from sys.col$ union select 'DB LINK' , count(*) from
?
22。按用戶查看object種類
select u.name schema,?? sum(decode(o.type#, 1, 1, NULL)) indexes,??
sum(decode(o.type#, 2, 1, NULL)) tables,?? sum(decode(o.type#, 3, 1, NULL))
clusters,?? sum(decode(o.type#, 4, 1, NULL)) views,?? sum(decode(o.type#, 5, 1,
NULL)) synonyms,?? sum(decode(o.type#, 6, 1, NULL)) sequences,??
sum(decode(o.type#, 1, NULL, 2, NULL, 3, NULL, 4, NULL, 5, NULL, 6, NULL, 1))
others?? from sys.obj$ o, sys.user$ u?? where o.type# >= 1 and??? u.user# =
o.owner# and?? u.name <> 'PUBLIC'?? group by u.name??? order by
sys.link$ union select 'CONSTRAINT' , count(*) from sys.con$
?
23。有關(guān)connection的相關(guān)信息
1）查看有哪些用戶連接
select s.osuser os_user_name,??? decode(sign(48 - command), 1, to_char(command),
'Action Code #' || to_char(command) ) action,???? p.program oracle_process,????
status session_status,??? s.terminal terminal,??? s.program program,???
s.username user_name,??? s.fixed_table_sequence activity_meter,??? '' query,???
0 memory,??? 0 max_memory,???? 0 cpu_usage,??? s.sid,?? s.serial# serial_num???
from v$session s,??? v$process p?? where s.paddr=p.addr and??? s.type = 'USER'?
order by s.username, s.osuser
2）根據(jù)v.sid查看對應(yīng)連接的資源占用等情況
select n.name,
?v.value,
?n.class,
?n.statistic#?
from? v$statname n,
?v$sesstat v
where v.sid = 71 and
?v.statistic# = n.statistic#
order by n.class, n.statistic#
3）根據(jù)sid查看對應(yīng)連接正在運行的sql
select
?command_type,
?sql_text,
?sharable_mem,
?persistent_mem,
?runtime_mem,
?sorts,
?version_count,
?loaded_versions,
?open_versions,
?users_opening,
?executions,
?users_executing,
?loads,
?first_load_time,
?invalidations,
?parse_calls,
?disk_reads,
?buffer_gets,
?rows_processed,
?sysdate start_time,
?sysdate finish_time,
?'>' || address sql_address,
?'N' status
from v$sqlarea
where address = (select sql_address from v$session where sid = 71)
?
24．查詢表空間使用情況
select a.tablespace_name "表空間名稱",
100-round((nvl(b.bytes_free,0)/a.bytes_alloc)*100,2) "占用率(%)",
round(a.bytes_alloc/1024/1024,2) "容量(M)",
round(nvl(b.bytes_free,0)/1024/1024,2) "空閑(M)",
round((a.bytes_alloc-nvl(b.bytes_free,0))/1024/1024,2) "使用(M)",
Largest "最大擴展段(M)",
to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') "采樣時間"
from? (select f.tablespace_name,
?? sum(f.bytes) bytes_alloc,
?? sum(decode(f.autoextensible,'YES',f.maxbytes,'NO',f.bytes)) maxbytes
from dba_data_files f
group by tablespace_name) a,
(select? f.tablespace_name,
??? sum(f.bytes) bytes_free
from dba_free_space f
group by tablespace_name) b,
(select round(max(ff.length)*16/1024,2) Largest,
?? ts.name tablespace_name
from sys.fet$ ff, sys.file$ tf,sys.ts$ ts
where ts.ts#=ff.ts# and ff.file#=tf.relfile# and ts.ts#=tf.ts#
group by ts.name, tf.blocks) c
where a.tablespace_name = b.tablespace_name and a.tablespace_name = c.tablespace_name
?
25. 查詢表空間的碎片程度
?
select tablespace_name,count(tablespace_name) from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name
having count(tablespace_name)>10;
?
alter tablespace name coalesce;
alter table name deallocate unused;
?
create or replace view ts_blocks_v as
select tablespace_name,block_id,bytes,blocks,'free space' segment_name from dba_free_space
union all
select tablespace_name,block_id,bytes,blocks,segment_name from dba_extents;
?
select * from ts_blocks_v;
?
select tablespace_name,sum(bytes),max(bytes),count(block_id) from dba_free_space
group by tablespace_name;
?
26。查詢有哪些數(shù)據(jù)庫實例在運行
select inst_name from v$active_instances;
?
===========================================================
######### 創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫----look $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/buildall.sql #############
?
create database db01
maxlogfiles 10
maxdatafiles 1024
maxinstances 2
logfile
GROUP 1 ('/u01/oradata/db01/log_01_db01.rdo') SIZE 15M,
GROUP 2 ('/u01/oradata/db01/log_02_db01.rdo') SIZE 15M,
GROUP 3 ('/u01/oradata/db01/log_03_db01.rdo') SIZE 15M,
datafile 'u01/oradata/db01/system_01_db01.dbf') SIZE 100M,
undo tablespace UNDO
datafile '/u01/oradata/db01/undo_01_db01.dbf' SIZE 40M
default temporary tablespace TEMP
tempfile '/u01/oradata/db01/temp_01_db01.dbf' SIZE 20M
extent management local uniform size 128k
character set AL32UTE8
national character set AL16UTF16
set time_zone='America/New_York';
?
############### 數(shù)據(jù)字典##########
?
set wrap off
?
select * from v$dba_users;
?
grant select on table_name to user/rule;
?
select * from user_tables;
?
select * from all_tables;
?
select * from dba_tables;
?
revoke dba from user_name;
?
shutdown immediate
?
startup nomount
?
select * from v$instance;
?
select * from v$sga;
?
select * from v$tablespace;
?
alter session set nls_language=american;
?
alter database mount;
?
select * from v$database;
?
alter database open;
?
desc dictionary
?
select * from dict;
?
desc v$fixed_table;
?
select * from v$fixed_table;
?
set oracle_sid=foxconn
?
select * from dba_objects;
?
set serveroutput on
?
execute dbms_output.put_line('sfasd');
?
############# 控制文件###########
?
select * from v$database;
?
select * from v$tablespace;
?
select * from v$logfile;
?
select * from v$log;
?
select * from v$backup;
?
?
alter tablespace users begin backup;
?
select * from v$archived_log;
?
select * from v$controlfile;
?
alter system set control_files='$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/u01/ctrl01.ctl',
'$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/u01/ctrl02.ctl' scope=spfile;
?
cp $ORACLE_HOME/oradata/u01/ctrl01.ctl $ORACLE_HOME/oradata/u01/ctrl02.ctl
?
startup pfile='../initSID.ora'
?
select * from v$parameter where name like 'control%' ;
?
show parameter control;
?
select * from v$controlfile_record_section;
?
select * from v$tempfile;
?
?
alter database backup controlfile to '../filepath/control.bak';
?
?
alter database backup controlfile to trace;
?
############### redo log ##############
?
archive log list;
?
alter system archive log start;--啟動自動存檔
?
alter system switch logfile;--強行進行一次日志switch
?
alter system checkpoint;--強制進行一次checkpoint
?
alter tablspace users begin backup;
?
alter tablespace offline;
?
?
show parameter fast;
?
show parameter log_checkpoint;
?
?
alter database add logfile group 3 ('/$ORACLE_HOME/oracle/ora_log_file6.rdo' size 10M);
?
?
alter database add logfile member '/$ORACLE_HOME/oracle/ora_log_file6.rdo' to group 3;
?
?
alter database drop logfile group 3;
?
?
alter databse drop logfile member '$ORACLE_HOME/oracle/ora_log_file6.rdo';
?
?
alter database clear logfile '$ORACLE_HOME/oracle/ora_log_file6.rdo';
?
alter database clear logfile group 3;
?
?
alter database clear unarchived logfile group 3;
?
?
alter database rename file '$ORACLE_HOME/oracle/ora_log_file6.rdo' to '$ORACLE_HOME/oracle/ora_log_file6a.rdo';
?
show parameter db_create;
?
alter system set db_create_online_log_dest_1='path_name';
?
select * from v$log;
?
select * from v$logfile;
?
?
alter database noarchivelog/archivelog;
?
achive log start;---啟動自動歸檔
?
alter system archive all;－－手工歸檔所有日志文件
?
select * from v$archived_log;
?
show parameter log_archive;
?
###### 分析日志文件logmnr ##############
?
1) 在init.ora中set utl_file_dir 參數(shù)
2) 重新啟動oracle
3) create 目錄文件
desc dbms_logmnr_d;
dbms_logmnr_d.build;
4) 加入日志文件 add/remove log file
dhms_logmnr.add_logfile
dbms_logmnr.removefile
5) start logmnr
dbms_logmnr.start_logmnr
6) 分析出來的內(nèi)容查詢 v$logmnr_content --sqlredo/sqlundo
?
實踐：
?
desc dbms_logmnr_d;
?
?
update 表 set qty=10 where stor_id=6380;
?
delete 表 where stor_id=7066;
?
utl_file_dir的路徑
execute dbms_logmnr_d.build('foxdict.ora','$ORACLE_HOME/oracle/admin/fox/cdump');
?
execute dbms_logmnr.add_logfile('$ORACLE_HOME/oracle/ora_log_file6.log',dbms_logmnr.newfile);
?
execute dbms_logmnr.start_logmnr(dictfilename=>'$ORACLE_HOME/oracle/admin/fox/cdump/foxdict.ora');
?
######### tablespace ##############
?
select * form v$tablespace;
?
select * from v$datafile;
?
?
select t1.name,t2.name from v$tablespace t1,v$datafile t2 where t1.ts#=t2.ts#;
?
alter tablespace users add datafile 'path' size 10M;
?
select * from dba_rollback_segs;
?
?
alter user user_name quota 10m on tablespace_name;
?
create tablespace xxx [datafile 'path_name/datafile_name'] [size xxx] [extent management local/dictionary] [default storage(xxx)];
?
exmple: create tablespace userdata datafile '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/userdata01.dbf' size 100M AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 5M MAXSIZE 200M;
create tablespace userdata datafile '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/userdata01.dbf' size 100M extent management dictionary default storage(initial 100k next 100k pctincrease 10) offline;
?
create tablespace userdata datafile '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/userdata01.dbf' size 100M extent management local uniform size 1m;
create tablespace userdata datafile '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/userdata01.dbf' size 100M extent management local autoallocate;
?
create tablespace userdata datafile '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/userdata01.dbf' size 100M extent management local uniform size 1m segment space management auto;
?
alter tablespace userdata mininum extent 10;
?
alter tablespace userdata default storage(initial 1m next 1m pctincrease 20);
?
?
create undo tablespace undo1 datafile '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/undo101.dbf' size 40M extent management local;
?
show parameter undo;
?
?
create temporary tablespace userdata tempfile '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/undo101.dbf' size 10m extent management local;
?
?
alter database default temporary tablespace tablespace_name;
?
?
alter tablespace tablespace_name offline/online;
?
alter tablespace tablespace_name read only;
?
?
alter tablespace tablespace_name rename datafile '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/undo101.dbf' to '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/undo102.dbf';
?
?
alter database rename file '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/system01.dbf' to '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/system02.dbf';
?
drop tablespace userdata including contents and datafiles;---drop tablespce
?
?
alter database datafile '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/undo102.dbf' autoextend on next 10m maxsize 500M;
?
?
alter database datafile '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/undo102.dbf' resize 50m;
?
?
alter tablespace userdata add datafile '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/undo102.dbf' size 10m;
?
?
alter system set db_create_file_dest='$ORACLE_HOME/oradata';
?
create tablespace userdata;---use OMF status to create tablespace;
?
drop tablespace userdata;---user OMF status to drop tablespace;
?
select * from dba_tablespace/v$tablespace/dba_data_files;
?
?
alter table table_name move partition partition_name tablespace tablespace_name;
?
###### ORACLE storage structure and relationships #########
?
?
alter table kong.test12 allocate extent(size 1m datafile '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/undo102.dbf');
?
alter table kong.test12 deallocate unused; ---釋放表中沒有用到的分區(qū)
?
show parameter db;
?
alter system set db_8k_cache_size=10m; ---配置8k塊的內(nèi)存空間塊參數(shù)
?
select * from dba_extents/dba_segments/data_tablespace;
?
select * from dba_free_space/dba_data_file/data_tablespace;
?
?
select sum(bytes) from dba_extents where onwer='kong' and segment_name ='table_name';
?
############ UNDO Data ################
?
show parameter undo;
?
alter tablespace users offline normal;
?
alter tablespace users offline immediate;
?
recover datafile '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/undo102.dbf';
?
alter tablespace users online ;
?
select * from dba_rollback_segs;
?
alter system set undo_tablespace=undotbs1;
?
?
alter system set undo_suppress_errors=true;
?
?
create rollback segment rbs1 tablespace undotbs;
?
desc dbms_flashback;
?
?
execute dbms_flashback.enable_at_time('26-JAN-04:12:17:00 pm');
?
execute dbms_flashback.disable;
?
?
select end_time,begin_time,undoblks from v$undostat;
?
?
?
select * from dba_rollback_segs/v$rollname/v$rollstat/v$undostat/v$session/v$transaction;
?
show parameter transactions;
?
show parameter rollback;
?
?
create public rollback segment prbs1 tablespace undotbs;
?
alter rollback segment rbs1 online;----在手工管理模式
?
?
?
########## Managing Tables ###########
?
?
?
select rowid,dbms_rowid.rowid_block_number(rowid),dbms_rowid.rowid_row_number(rowid) from table_name;
?
create table test2
(
id int,
lname varchar2(20) not null,
fname varchar2(20) constraint ck_1 check(fname like 'k%'),
empdate date default sysdate)
) tablespace tablespace_name;
?
?
create global temporary table test2 on commit delete/preserve rows as select * from kong.authors;
?
create table user.table(...) tablespace tablespace_name storage(...) pctfree10 pctused 40;
?
alter table user.tablename pctfree 20 pctused 50 storage(...);---changing table storage
?
?
alter table user.table_name allocate extent(size 500k datafile '...');
?
?
alter table table_name deallocate unused;
?
alter table table_name deallocate unused keep 8k;
?
?
alter table user.table_name move tablespace new_tablespace_name;
?
create index index_name on user.table_name(column_name) tablespace users;
?
alter index index_name rebuild;
?
drop table table_name [CASCADE CONSTRAINTS];
?
alter table user.table_name drop column col_name [CASCADE CONSTRAINTS CHECKPOINT 1000];---drop column
?
?
alter table user.table_name set unused column comments CASCADE CONSTRAINTS;
?
?
alter table user.table_name drop unused columns checkpoint 1000;
?
?
ALTER TABLE USER.TABLE_NAME DROP COLUMNS CONTINUE CHECKPOINT 1000;
?
select * from dba_tables/dba_objects;
?
######## managing indexes ##########
?
?
example:
?
create index index_name on table_name(column_name) tablespace tablespace_name;
?
create bitmap index index_name on table_name(column_name1,column_name2) tablespace tablespace_name;
?
create [bitmap] index index_name on table_name(column_name) tablespace tablespace_name pctfree 20 storage(inital 100k next 100k) ;
?
create [bitmap] index index_name table_name(column_name1,column_name2) tablespace_name pctfree 20 storage(inital 100k next 100k) nologging;
?
create index index_name on table_name(column_name) reverse;
?
create index index_name on table_name(function_name(column_name)) tablespace tablespace_name;
?
create table user.table_name(column_name number(7) constraint constraint_name primary key deferrable using index storage(initial 100k next 100k) tablespace tablespace_name,column_name2 varchar2(25) constraint constraint_name not null,column_name3 number(7)) tablespace tablespace_name;
?
?
show parameter create_bit;
?
?
alter index index_name pctfree 30 storage(initial 200k next 200k);
?
?
alter index index_name allocate extent (size 200k datafile '$ORACLE/oradata/..');
?
?
alter index index_name deallocate unused;
?
?
alter index index_name rebuild tablespace tablespace_name;
?
?
alter index index_name rebuild tablespace tablespace_name reverse;
?
?
alter index index_name rebuild online;
?
?
alter index index_name COALESCE;
?
?
analyze index index_name validate structure;
?
desc index_state;
?
drop index index_name;
?
alter index index_name monitoring usage;-----監(jiān)視索引是否被用到
?
alter index index_name nomonitoring usage;----取消監(jiān)視
?
?
select * from dba_indexes/dba_ind_columns/dbs_ind_expressions/v$object_usage;
?
########## 數(shù)據(jù)完整性的管理(Maintaining data integrity) ##########
?
alter table table_name drop constraint constraint_name;----drop 約束
?
alter table table_name add constraint constraint_name primary key(column_name1,column_name2);-----創(chuàng)建主鍵
?
alter table table_name add constraint constraint_name unique(column_name1,column_name2);---創(chuàng)建唯一約束
?
?
alter table table_name add constraint constraint_name foreign key(column_name1) references table_name(column_name1);
?
?
alter table table_name add constraint constraint_name check(column_name like 'B%') enable/disable novalidate/validate;
?
?
alter table table_name modify constraint constraint_name initially deferred;
?
?
alter table table_name modify constraint constraint_name initially immediate;
?
alter session set constraints=deferred/immediate;
?
?
drop table table_name cascade constraints;
?
?
truncate table table_name;
?
?
alter table table_name disable constraint constraint_name;
?
alter table table_name enable novalidate constraint constraint_name;
?
?
alter table table_name add constraint constraint_name check(column_name >15) enable validate exceptions into exceptions;
?
?
start $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/utlexcpt.sql;
?
?
select * from user_constraints/dba_constraints/dba_cons_columns;
?
################## managing password security and resources ####################
?
alter user user_name account unlock/open;----鎖定/打開用戶;
?
alter user user_name password expire;---設(shè)定口令到期
?
?
create profile profile_name limit failed_login_attempts 3 password_lock_times 1/1440;
?
create profile profile_name limit failed_login_attempts 3 password_lock_time unlimited password_life_time 30 password_reuse_time 30 password_verify_function verify_function password_grace_time 5;
?
create profile prfile_name limit session_per_user 2 cpu_per_session 10000 idle_time 60 connect_time 480;
?
alter user user_name profile profile_name;
?
?
alter profile profile_name limit password_lock_time 1/24;
?
?
alter profile profile_name limit password_lift_time 2 password_grace_time 3;
?
?
alter profile profile_name limit password_reuse_time 10[password_reuse_max 3];
?
alter user user_name identified by input_password;-----修改用戶口令
?
drop profile profile_name;
?
?
drop profile profile_name CASCADE;
?
alter system set resource_limit=true;---啟用自愿限制,缺省是false
?
?
alter profile profile_name limit cpu_per_session 10000 connect_time 60 idle_time 5;
?
?
alter profile profile_name limit cpu_per_call 1000 logical_reads_per_call 10;
?
desc dbms_resouce_manager;---資源管理器包
?
?
select * from dba_users/dba_profiles;
?
###### Managing users ############
?
show parameter os;
?
create user testuser1 identified by kxf_001;
?
grant connect,createtable to testuser1;
?
alter user testuser1 quota 10m on tablespace_name;
?
?
create user user_name identified by password default tablespace tablespace_name temporary tablespace tablespace_name quota 15m on tablespace_name password expire;
?
?
alter database default temporary tablespace tablespace_name;
?
?
alter database default tablespace tablespace_name;
?
?
create user user_name identified by externally default OPS$tablespace_name tablespace_name temporary tablespace tablespace_name quota 15m on tablespace_name password expire;
?
?
alter user user_name quota 5m on tablespace_name;
?
?
drop user user_name [CASCADE];
?
?
desc dba_ts_quotas;select * from dba_ts_quotas where username='...';
?
?
alter user user_name default tablespace tablespace_name;
?
######### Managing Privileges #############
?
grant create table,create session to user_name;
?
grant create any table to user_name; revoke create any table from user_name;
?
?
grant system_privs,[......] to [user/role/public],[....] [with admin option];
?
select * from v$pwfile_users;
?
?
show parameter O7;
?
?
alter system set O7_dictionary_accessiblity=true scope=spfile;
?
?
grant [object_privs(column,....)],[...] on object_name to user/role/public,... with grant option;
?
?
grant insert(column_name1,column_name2,...) on table_name to user_name with grant option;
?
select * from dba_sys_privs/session_privs/dba_tab_privs/user_tab_privs/dba_col_privs/user_col_privs;
?
?
show parameter audit_trail;
?
?
audit select on user.table_name by session;
?
?
audit [create table][select/update/insert on object by session/access][whenever successful/not successful];
?
desc dbms_fga;---進一步設(shè)計，則可使用dbms_fgs包
?
?
noaudit select on user.table_name;
?
?
select * from all_def_audit_opts/dba_stmt_audit_opts/dba_priv_audit_opts/dba_obj_audit_opts;
?
?
select * from dba_audit_trail/dba_audit_exists/dba_audit_object/dba_audit_session/dba_audit_statement;
?
########### Managing Role #################
?
create role role_name; grant select on table_name to role_name; grant role_name to user_name; set role role_name;
?
create role role_name;
create role role_name identified by password;
create role role_name identified externally;
?
set role role_name ; ----激活role
set role role_name identified by password;
?
alter role role_name not identified;
alter role role_name identified by password;
alter role role_name identified externally;
?
grant priv_name to role_name [WITH ADMIN OPTION];
grant update(column_name1,col_name2,...) on table_name to role_name;
grant role_name1 to role_name2;
?
?
alter user user_name default role role_name1,role_name2,...;
alter user user_name default role all;
alter user user_name default role all except role_name1,...;
alter user user_name default role none;
?
set role role1 [identified by password],role2,....;
set role all;
set role except role1,role2,...;
set role none;
?
revoke role_name from user_name;
revoke role_name from public;
?
drop role role_name;
?
select * from dba_roles/dba_role_privs/role_role_privs/dba_sys_privs/role_sys_privs/role_tab_privs/session_roles;
?
########### Basic SQL SELECT ################
?
select col_name as col_alias from table_name ;
?
select col_name from table_name where col1 like '_o%'; ----'_'匹配單個字符
?
?
select substr(col1,-3,5),instr(col2,'g'),LPAD(col3,10,'$'),RPAD(col4,10,'%') from table_name;
?
?
select round(col1,-2),trunc(col2),mod(col3) from table_name ;
?
?
select (sysdate-col1)/7 week,months_between(sysdate,col1),add_months(col1,2),next_day(sysdate,'FRIDAY'),last_day(sysdate),
round(sysdate,'MONTH'),trunc(sysdate,'MONTH') from table_name;
?
?
select nvl(expr1,expr2),nvl2(expr1,expr2,expr3),nullif(expr1,expr2) from table_name;
?
select column1,column2,column3, case column2 when '50' then column2*1.1
when '30' then column2*2.1
when '10' then column3/20
else column3
end as ttt
from table_name ; ------使用case函數(shù)
?
select table1.col1,table2.col2 from table1
[CROSS JOIN table2] | -----笛卡兒連接
[NATURAL JOIN table2] | -----用兩個表中的同名列連接
[JOIN table2 USING (column_name)] | -----用兩個表中的同名列中的某一列或幾列連接
[JOIN table2
ON (table1.col1=table2.col2)] |
[LEFT|RIGHT|FULL OUTER JOIN table2 ------相當于(+)=,=(+)連接,全外連接
ON (table1.col1=table2.col2)]; ------SQL 1999中的JOIN語法;
?
example:
select col1,col2 from table1 t1
join table2 t2
on t1.col1=t2.col2 and t1.col3=t2.col1
join table3 t3
on t2.col1=t3.col3;
?
select * from table_name where col1 < any (select col2 from table_name2 where continue group by col3);
?
select * from table_name where col1 < all (select col2 from table_name2 where continue group by col3);
?
insert into (select col1,col2,col3 form table_name where col1> 50 with check option) values (value1,value2,value3);
?
MERGE INTO table_name table1
USING table_name2 table2
ON (table1.col1=table2.col2)
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE SET
table1.col1=table2.col2,
table1.col2=table2.col3,
...
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT VALUES(table2.col1,table2.col2,table2.col3,...); -----合并語句
?
##################### CREATE/ALTER TABLE #######################
?
alter table table_name drop column column_name ;---drop column
?
alter table table_name set unused (col1,col2,...);----設(shè)置列無效，這個比較快。
alter table table_name drop unused columns;---刪除被設(shè)為無效的列
?
rename table_name1 to table_name2; ---重命名表
?
comment on table table_name is 'comment message';----給表放入注釋信息
?
create table table_name
(col1 int not null,col2 varchar2(20),col3 varchar2(20),
constraint uk_test2_1 unique(col2,col3))); -----定義表中的約束條件
?
alter table table_name add constraint pk_test2 primary key(col1,col2,...); ----創(chuàng)建主鍵
?
?
create table table_name (rid int,name varchar2(20),constraint fk_test3 foreign key(rid) references other_table_name(id));
?
alter table table_name add constraint ck_test3 check(name like 'K%');
?
alter table table_name drop constraint constraint_name;
?
alter table table_name drop primary key cascade;----級聯(lián)刪除主鍵
?
alter table table_name disable/enable constraint constraint_name;----使約束暫時無效
?
?
alter table table_name drop column column_name cascade constraint;
?
select * from user_constraints/user_cons_columns;---約束條件相關(guān)視圖
?
############## Create Views #####################
?
CREATE [OR REPLACE] [FORCE|NOFORCE] VIEW view_name [(alias[,alias]...)]
AS subquery
[WITH CHECK OPTION [CONSTRAINT constraint_name]]
[WITH READ ONLY [CONSTRAINT constraint_name]]; ------創(chuàng)建視圖的語法
?
example: Create or replace view testview as select col1,col2,col3 from table_name; ------創(chuàng)建視圖
?
Create or replace view testview as select col1,sum(col2) col2_alias from table_name;
?
Create view view_name (alias1,alias2,alias3,alias4) as select d.col1,min(e.col1),max(e.col1),avg(e.col1) from table_name1 e,table_name2 d where e.col2=d.col2 group by d.col1;
?
Create or replace view view_name as select * from table_name where col1>10 with check option;
?
?
update view_name set col1=value1;
?
?
select [column_list],rownum from (select [column_list] from table_name order by Top-N_column) where rownum<=N;
?
?
example: select rownum as rank ,col1 ,col2 from (select col1 ,col2 from table_name order by col2 desc) where rownum<=3;
?
############# Other database Object ###############
?
CREATE SEQUENCE sequence_name [INCREMENT BY n]
[START WITH n]
[{MAXVALUE n | NOMAXVALUE}]
[{MINVALUE n | NOMINVALUE}]
[{CYCEL | NOCYCLE}]
[{CACHE n | NOCACHE}]; -----創(chuàng)建SEQUENCE
?
example:
CREATE SEQUENCE sequence_name INCREMENT BY 10
START WITH 120
MAXVALUE 9999
NOCACHE
NOCYCLE;
?
select * from user_sequences ;---當前用戶下記錄sequence的視圖
?
select sequence_name.nextval,sequence_name.currval from dual;-----sequence的引用
?
alter sequence sequence_name INCREMENT BY 20
MAXVALUE 999999
NOCACHE
NOCYCLE; -----修改sequence,不能改變起始序號
?
drop sequence sequence_name; ----刪除sequence
?
CREATE [PUBLIC] SYNONYM synonym_name FOR object; ------創(chuàng)建同義詞
?
DROP [PUBLIC] SYNONYM synonym_name;----刪除同義詞
?
CREATE PUBLIC DATABASE LINK link_name USEING OBJECT;----創(chuàng)建DBLINK
?
select * from object_name@link_name; ----訪問遠程數(shù)據(jù)庫中的對象
?
?
select col1,col2,col3 from table1_name union select col1,col2,col3 from table2_name;
?
?
select col1,col2,col3 from table1_name union all select col1,col2,col3 from table2_name;
?
?
select col1,col2,col3 from table1_name intersect select col1,col2,col3 from table2_name;
?
?
select col1,col2,col3 from table1_name minus select col1,col2,col3 from table2_name;
?
?
select EXTRACT(YEAR FROM SYSDATE) from dual;
?
select EXTRACT(MONTH FROM SYSDATE) from dual;
?
########################## 增強的 group by 子句 #########################
?
select [column,] group_function(column)...
from table
[WHERE condition]
[GROUP BY [ROLLUP] group_by_expression]
[HAVING having_expression];
[ORDER BY column]; -------ROLLUP操作字，對group by子句的各字段從右到左進行再聚合
?
example:
?
select col1,col2,sum(col3) from table group by rollup(col1,col2);
?
select col1,col2,sum(col3) from table group by rollup((col1,col2));
?
select [column,] group_function(column)...
from table
[WHERE condition]
[GROUP BY [CUBE] group_by_expression]
[HAVING having_expression];
[ORDER BY column]; -------CUBE操作字，除完成ROLLUP的功能外，再對ROLLUP后的結(jié)果集從右到左再聚合
?
example:
?
select col1,col2,sum(col3) from table group by cube(col1,col2);
?
select col1,col2,sum(col3) from table group by cube((col1,col2));
?
select col1,col2,col3,sum(col4) from table group by col1,rollup(col2),cube(col3);
?
?
select [column,] group_function(column)...,GROUPING(expr)
from table
[WHERE condition]
[GROUP BY [ROLLUP] group_by_expression]
[HAVING having_expression];
[ORDER BY column];
?
example:
select col1,col2,sum(col3),grouping(col1),grouping(col2) from table group by cube(col1,col2);
?
?
select col1,col2,sum(col3) from table group by grouping sets((col1),(col2));
?
轉(zhuǎn)載于:https://www.cnblogs.com/liuzhuqing/archive/2011/11/22/7480971.html
新人創(chuàng)作打卡挑戰(zhàn)賽發(fā)博客就能抽獎！定制產(chǎn)品紅包拿不停！總結(jié)
以上是生活随笔為你收集整理的[转载]oracle常用经典SQL查询的全部內(nèi)容，希望文章能夠幫你解決所遇到的問題。
- 上一篇： Flex更改Image
- 下一篇： 3.eclipse对mysql云数据库编