?默認的rhel?光盤中沒有?cobbler?軟件，必須使用第三方的軟件源才能安裝?cobbler?軟件?。但是呢光是安裝這一個軟件包是不能幫助我們完成大批量安裝這個工作滴。那么問題來了。看見這個標題有童鞋問了。為什么不用?Kickstart?部署呢？你這種部署有啥與眾不同呢？?Cobbler?批量部署的原理其實和?Kickstart?部署的原理有類似之處。?在此?就不予以深究，沒有理解的童鞋請回顧?Kickstart?網絡安裝的原理以及實施方式。????直奔Cobbler?的主題吧，這才是今天討論的重點。?Cobbler?項目最初在?2008?年左右發布。是紅帽軟件?Fedora?項目社區的一個子項目。是新一代網絡安裝套件可以快速建立網絡安裝環境。降低大批量部署安裝的難度。兄弟們苦逼的日子來啦啊。?原因你懂的！

??cobbler官方網站：?https://fedorahosted.org/cobbler

Cobbler作為一個預備工具，使部署?RedHat/Centos/Fedora?系統更容易，同時也支持?Suse?和?Debian?系統的部署。(據說支持WINDOWS,還么測試哦。不過有個東西可以再LINUX上快速部署WIN系統。已經測試很成功。下回分享給大家）

它提供以下服務集成：

*?PXE服務支持

*?DHCP服務管理

*?DNS服務管理

*?Kickstart服務支持

*?yum倉庫管理

Cobbler客戶端?Koan?支持虛擬機安裝和操作系統重新安裝。

Cobbler服務器部署：

1、?先?確保EPEL?倉庫可用，如果不可用先安裝?epel?包：?同時確保本地倉庫也是可用的。?（確保機器可以聯網）需要注意一點，注意?/var/www/cobbler??目錄必須具有足夠容納??Linux??安裝文件的空間?(?移動，建軟鏈接?)?一本?5G?左右吧，但是你要同步不了?YUM?源了。這個后面再探討。

#?rpm?-Uvh??http://download.fedora.redhat.com/pub/epel/5/i386/epel-release-5-4.noarch.rpm

或

#?wget?http://download.fedora.redhat.com/pub/epel/5/x86_64/epel-release-5-4.noarch.rpm?

#?rpm?-ivh??epel-release-5-4.noarch.rpm?

#yum?list?

2、安裝?cobbler?server?需要的的所有包：

#?yum?install?cobbler?httpd?rsync?tftp-server?xinetd?dhcp

修改?tftp：

#?sed?'/disable/s/no/yes/g'?/etc/xinetd.d/tftp

#?sed?'/disable/s/no/yes/g'?/etc/xinetd.d/rsync

#?/etc/init.d/xinetd?restart

3、啟動?httpd?和?cobblerd?，并設置為開機自啟動：

#?service?httpd?start

#?service?cobblerd?start

chkconfig?httpd?on

chkconfig?dhcpd?on

sbin/chkconfig?xinetd?on

sbin/chkconfig?tftp?on

sbin/chkconfig?cobblerd?on

4、檢查?cobbler?相關配置：

下面是執行#?cobbler?check?出來的信息：

The?following?are?potential?configuration?items?that?you?may?want?to?fix:

1?:?The?'server'?field?in?/etc/cobbler/settings?must?be?set?to?something?other?than?localhost,?or?kickstarting?features?will?not?work.??This?should?be?a?resolvable?hostname?or?IP?for?the?boot?server?as?reachable?by?all?machines?that?will?use?it.

#修改?server?選項為主機名或是?IP?地址

2?:?For?PXE?to?be?functional,?the?'next_server'?field?in?/etc/cobbler/settings?must?be?set?to?something?other?than?127.0.0.1,?and?should?match?the?IP?of?the?boot?server?on?the?PXE?network.

#修改?next-server?對應的?IP??地址

3?:?Must?enable?a?selinux?boolean?to?enable?vital?web?services?components,?run:?setsebool?-P?httpd_can_network_connect?true

#修改?SELINUX?setsebool?-P?httpd_can_network_connect?true?

4?:?you?need?to?set?some?SELinux?content?rules?to?ensure?cobbler?serves?content?correctly?in?your?SELinux?environment,?run?the?following:?/usr/sbin/semanage?fcontext?-a?-t?public_content_t?"/tftpboot/.*"?&&?/usr/sbin/semanage?fcontext?-a?-t?public_content_t?"/var/www/cobbler/p_w_picpaths/.*"

#修改?selinux?安全上下文標簽

5?:?you?need?to?set?some?SELinux?rules?if?you?want?to?use?cobbler-web?(an?optional?package),?run?the?following:?/usr/sbin/semanage?fcontext?-a?-t?httpd_sys_content_rw_t?"/var/lib/cobbler/webui_sessions/.*"

#修改???cobbler?對應的安全上下文標簽

6?:?some?network?boot-loaders?are?missing?from?/var/lib/cobbler/loaders,?you?may?run?'cobbler?get-loaders'?to?download?them,?or,?if?you?only?want?to?handle?x86/x86_64?netbooting,?you?may?ensure?that?you?have?installed?a?*recent*?version?of?the?syslinux?package?installed?and?can?ignore?this?message?entirely.??Files?in?this?directory,?should?you?want?to?support?all?architectures,?should?include?pxelinux.0,?menu.c32,?elilo.efi,?and?yaboot.?The?'cobbler?get-loaders'?command?is?the?easiest?way?to?resolve?these?requirements.

#運行?cobbler?get-loaders???以獲取?PXE?啟動需要的文件

7?:?change?'disable'?to?'no'?in?/etc/xinetd.d/tftp

#開啟?tftp

8?:?change?'disable'?to?'no'?in?/etc/xinetd.d/rsync

#開啟?rsync

9?:?since?iptables?may?be?running,?ensure?69,?80,?and?25151?are?unblocked

#確保?69,80,25151?這個幾個端口沒有?iptables?阻止

10?:?debmirror?package?is?not?installed,?it?will?be?required?to?manage?debian?deployments?and?repositories

#?debian的鏡像包沒有安裝，如果不安裝?debian?，這條可忽略

11?:?The?default?password?used?by?the?sample?templates?for?newly?installed?machines?(default_password_crypted?in?/etc/cobbler/settings)?is?still?set?to?'cobbler'?and?should?be?changed,?try:?"openssl?passwd?-1?-salt?'random-phrase-here'?'your-password-here'"?to?generate?new?one

#?要求使用以上命令行創建新的密碼

12?:?fencing?tools?were?not?found,?and?are?required?to?use?the?(optional)?power?management?features.?install?cman?or?fence-agents?to?use?them

#?沒有安裝?fencing?工具，

Restart?cobblerd?and?then?run?'cobbler?sync'?to?apply?changes.上面已經說的夠清楚的了吧？你看懂了嘛？下面給出我的應對之策：

修正上面錯誤：

1）、?vi?/etc/cobbler/settings

server:?192.168.?1.40????#設置?cobbler?server?的?IP?地址

next-server:?192.168.?1?.?40???#設置?PXE?server?的?IP?地址

manage_dhcp:?1???#開啟管理?DHCP?服務

default_kickstart:?/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/default.ks????#設置默認的?kickstart?配置文件，用?system-config-kickstart?（需要?圖形?環境）生成?。直接寫得了。

2)、關閉防火墻和?SElinux

3)、獲取啟動鏡像

#?cobbler?get-loaders

4)、啟動?tftp?和?rsync

vi?/etc/xinetd.d/tftp

將disable?????????????????=?yes?改為：?disable?????????????????=?no

vi?/etc/xinetd.d/rsync

將disable?????????????????=?yes?改為：?disable?????????????????=?no

重啟xinetd?服務：

/etc/init.d/xinetd?restart

5)、修改?DHCP?模板，確保?DHCP?分配的地址和?Cobbler?在同一網段?（這個可用不這么做。你可以直接架設一個?DHCP）

vi?

/etc/cobbler/dhcp.template

#?******************************************************************

#?Cobbler?managed?dhcpd.conf?file

#

#?generated?from?cobbler?dhcp.conf?template?($date)

#?Do?NOT?make?changes?to?/etc/dhcpd.conf.?Instead,?make?your?changes

#?in?/etc/cobbler/dhcp.template,?as?/etc/dhcpd.conf?will?be

#?overwritten.

#

#?******************************************************************

ddns-update-style?interim;

allow?booting;

allow?bootp;

ignore?client-updates;

set?vendorclass?=?option?vendor-class-identifier;

subnet?192.168.?1?.0?netmask?255.255.255.0????{

?????option?routers?????????????192.168.?1?.?254?;

?????#?option?domain-name-servers?192.168.?1.1?;

?????option?subnet-mask?????????255.255.255.0;

?????range?dynamic-bootp????????192.168.?1?.100?192.168.?1?.200;

?????filename???????????????????"/pxelinux.0";

?????next-server????????????????$next_server;

?????default-lease-time?????????21600;

?????max-lease-time?????????????43200;

}

#for?dhcp_tag?in?$dhcp_tags.keys():

????##?group?could?be?subnet?if?your?dhcp?tags?line?up?with?your?subnets

????##?or?really?any?valid?dhcpd.conf?construct?...?if?you?only?use?the

????##?default?dhcp?tag?in?cobbler,?the?group?block?can?be?deleted?for?a

????##?flat?configuration

#?group?for?Cobbler?DHCP?tag:?$dhcp_tag

group?{

????????#for?mac?in?$dhcp_tags[$dhcp_tag].keys():

????????????#set?iface?=?$dhcp_tags[$dhcp_tag][$mac]

????host?$iface.name?{

????????hardware?ethernet?$mac;

????????#if?$iface.ip_address:

????????fixed-address?$iface.ip_address;

????????#end?if

????????#if?$iface.hostname:

????????option?host-name?"$iface.hostname";

????????#end?if

????????#if?$iface.subnet:

????????option?subnet-mask?$iface.subnet;

????????#end?if

????????#if?$iface.gateway:

????????option?routers?$iface.gateway;

????????#end?if

????????filename?"$iface.filename";

????????##?Cobbler?defaults?to?$next_server,?but?some?users

????????##?may?like?to?use?$iface.system.server?for?proxied?setups

????????next-server?$next_server;

????????##?next-server?$iface.next_server;

????}

????????#end?for

}

#end?for

5、同步?cobbler?配置，使修改生效：

#?cobbler?sync

6、掛載?Linux?光盤?，生成安裝鏡像：

#?mount?/dev/cdrom?/mnt/

#?cobbler?import?--path=/mnt/?--name=?RHEL5.6-x86-64

7、?RPM?倉庫管理?（根據需要自己決定吧）

相關閱讀：https://fedorahosted.org/cobbler/wiki/ManageYumRepos

我們可以為cobbler?添加?RPM?倉庫：

cobbler?repo?add?--name=??RHEL5.6-x86-64???--mirror=?http://mirrors.163.com/centos/5/os/x86_64/

cobbler?repo?add?--name=?EPEL5.-x86-64????--mirror=?http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/fedora/epel/5/x86_64/??

同步倉庫到本地：

cobbler?reposync

也可以通過設置--mirror-locally=0?不下載到本地，而通過?kickstart?server?去倉庫下載?rpm?包。

添加計劃任務，每天凌晨兩點進行一次同步：

crontab?-e

0?2?*?*?*?cobbler?reposync?--tries=3?--no-fail

8、設置?profile?和?system?（這個功能比較牛?P。需要深入研究哈）

profile可以理解為按角色進行分類。

cobbler?profile?add?--name=webserver?--distro=CentOS-5-i386?--repos=EPEL-5-i386?--kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/webserver.ks

system是對待安裝機器做具體設置，如設置主機名、?IP?地址、?hostname?等，這些設置根據?MAC?應用到具體機器上。

#?cobbler?system?add?--name=webserver1?--ip=192.168.0.110?--mac=00:0C:29:77:89:c7?--profile=webserver?--kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/webserver.ks?--static=1

#?cobbler?system?edit?--name=webserver1?--dns-name=webserver1.grid.house.sina.com.cn?--hostname=webserver1.grid.house.sina.com.cn

cobbler?system?edit?--name=webserver1?--gateway=192.168.0.1?--subnet=255.255.255.0

cobbler?system?edit?--name=webserver1?--interface=eth1?--static=0

可以通過訪問http://192.168.0.2/cblr/svc/op/ks/system/webserver1?來查看真正的?kickstart?配置。

9、啟動待安裝的服務器，開始安裝。

10、重新安裝

yum?install?koan

koan?--server=192.168.?1?.?40??--list=profiles

koan?--replace-self?--server=192.168.?1?.?40??--profile=webserver

reboot

11、設置?Cobbler?web?界面

Cobbler?web界面是一個很好的前端，非常容易管理很多?Cobbler?操作。可以用它列出和編輯distros,?profiles,?subprofiles,?systems,?repos?and?kickstart?文件。

安裝Cobbler?web?：

yum?install?cobbler-web

Cobbler?web界面訪問地址：

http://192.168.?1.40?/cobbler_web/

??（192.168.?1.40?為Cobbler?web?server?地址）

設置用戶名密碼：

為已存在的用戶重置密碼：

htdigest?/etc/cobbler/users.digest?"Cobbler"?cobbler?

添加新用戶：

htdigest?/etc/cobbler/users.digest?"Cobbler"??username

設置/etc/cobbler/modules?如下：

[authentication]??

module?=?authn_configfile??

[authorization]??

module?=?authz_allowall???

重啟Cobbler?服務：

service?cobblerd?restart?

12、?Cobbler?命令說明

cobbler?check?-?核對當前設置是否有問題

cobbler?list?-?列出所有的?cobbler?元素

cobbler?report?-?詳細的列出個元素

cobbler?sync?-?同步配置到?dhcp/pxe?和數據目錄

cobbler?reposync?-?同步?yum?倉庫

13、?Cobbler?配置文件說明

Cobbler配置文件存放在?/etc/cobbler?下。?/etc/cobbler/settings?為主配置文件；在?/etc/cobbler?下你還能看到?dhcp?、?dns?、?pxe?、?dnsmasq?的模板配置文件；?/etc/cobbler/users.digest?為用于?web?訪問的用戶名密碼配置文件；?/etc/cobbler/modules.conf??為模塊配置文件；/etc/cobbler/users.conf?為?Cobbler?WebUI/Web?service?授權配置文件。

Repo數據目錄?/var/www/cobbler

導入的發行版，repos?鏡像和?kickstart?文件都放置在?/var/www/cobbler?目錄下。確保?/var?目錄有足夠的空間來存儲這些文件。

p_w_picpaths/?-?存儲所有導入發行版的?Kernel?和?initrd?鏡像用于遠程網絡啟動??

ks_mirror/?-?存儲導入的發行版??

repo_mirror/?-?yum?repos存儲目錄

/var/log/cobbler用于存放日志文件?/var/log/cobbler/cobbler.log

Cobbler數據目錄?/var/lib/cobbler?，此目錄存儲和?Cobbler?profiles?、?systems?、?distros?相關的配置。

configs/?-?此目錄用于存儲?distros?、?repos?、?systems?和?profiles?相關信息

backup/?-?備份目錄?

snippets/??-?用于放置一些可以在?kickstarts?導入的腳本小片段

triggers/??-?此目錄用來放置一些可執行腳本

kickstarts/??-?此目錄用來放置?kickstart?模板文件

與Puppet?整合進行配置管理：?這個功能后續在研究吧。先寫到這里。感謝你的支持。

參考文獻：

https://fedorahosted.org/cobbler/??

http://candon123.blog.51cto.com/704299/596302??

http://hi.baidu.com/lenvol/blog/item/8e8b123d038f98fb55e72342.html??

https://fedorahosted.org/cobbler/wiki/CobblerWebInterface??

http://kugoou.8bbs.cn/script/forum/view.asp?article_id=35137766??

http://consultancy.edvoncken.net/index.php/HOWTO_Configure_Cobbler_on_Fedora_or_Red_Hat#Red_Hat_or_CentOS??

http://www.iteye.com/topic/642690??

http://myhat.blog.51cto.com/391263/684485 ?

轉載于:https://blog.51cto.com/susir/755672

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