spring 的权限控制：security
下面我們將實現關于Spring Security3的一系列教程.?
最終的目標是整合Spring Security + Spring3MVC?
完成類似于SpringSide3中mini-web的功能.?
Spring Security是什么??
引用
Spring Security，這是一種基于Spring AOP和Servlet過濾器的安全框架。它提供全面的安全性解決方案，同時在Web請求級和方法調用級處理身份確認和授權。在Spring Framework基礎上，Spring Security充分利用了依賴注入（DI，Dependency Injection）和面向切面技術。
關于Spring Security學習的資料.?
最重要,最齊全的中文資料當然是family168的中文文檔?
Spring Security2參考文檔?
Spring Security3 參考文檔?
附件包含了一個很好的初入門的PDF教程.?
最好是花30分鐘先照著PDF上的教程一步一步的操作.?
雖然沒有實際的應用價值,但對初學者認識SpringSecurity3很有幫助.?
我們的項目目錄結構最終是:?
?
需要添加的jar包:?
?
我們先實現一個controller:?
MainController.java?
Java代碼??
package?org.liukai.tutorial.controller;??
??
import?org.apache.log4j.Logger;??
import?org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;??
import?org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;??
import?org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;??
??
@Controller??
@RequestMapping("/main")??
public?class?MainController?{??
????protected?static?Logger?logger?=?Logger.getLogger("controller");??
??
????/**?
?????*?跳轉到commonpage頁面?
?????*??
?????*?@return?
?????*/??
????@RequestMapping(value?=?"/common",?method?=?RequestMethod.GET)??
????public?String?getCommonPage()?{??
????????logger.debug("Received?request?to?show?common?page");??
????????return?"commonpage";??
????}??
??
????/**?
?????*?跳轉到adminpage頁面?
?????*??
?????*?@return?
?????*/??
????@RequestMapping(value?=?"/admin",?method?=?RequestMethod.GET)??
????public?String?getAadminPage()?{??
????????logger.debug("Received?request?to?show?admin?page");??
????????return?"adminpage";??
??
????}??
??
}??
該controller有兩個mapping映射:?
引用
main/common?
main/admin
現在我們將同過Spring Security3框架實現成功登陸的人都能訪問到main/common.?
但只有擁有admin權限的用戶才能訪問main/admin.?
我們先在web.xml中開啟Spring3MVC和SpringSecurity3.?
web.xml?
Xml代碼??
<?xml?version="1.0"?encoding="UTF-8"?>??
<web-app?id="WebApp_ID"?version="2.4"??
????xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"???
????xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"??
????xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee???
????http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd">??
??????
????<!--?SpringSecurity必須的filter?-->??
????<filter>??
????????<filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name>??
????????<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy</filter-class>??
????</filter>??
??
????<filter-mapping>??
????????<filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name>??
????????<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>??
????</filter-mapping>??
??
????<context-param>??
????????<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>??
????????<param-value>??
????????/WEB-INF/spring-security.xml??
????????/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml??
????????</param-value>??
????</context-param>??
??
????<servlet>??
????????<servlet-name>spring</servlet-name>??
????????<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>??
????????<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>??
????</servlet>??
??
????<servlet-mapping>??
????????<servlet-name>spring</servlet-name>??
????????<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>??
????</servlet-mapping>??
??
????<listener>??
????????<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>??
????</listener>??
??
</web-app>??
要啟用SpringSecurity3,我們需要完成以下兩步:?
1.在web.xml中聲明DelegatingFilterProxy.?
Xml代碼??
<filter-mapping>??
????????<filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name>??
????????<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>??
????</filter-mapping>??
表示項目中所有路徑的資源都要經過SpringSecurity.?
2.導入指定的SpringSecurity配置 :spring-security.xml?
關于spring-security.xml的配置.?
我們把這個放到后面配置.以便更詳細的講解.?
注意一點.最好是將DelegatingFilterProxy寫在DispatcherServlet之前.否則?
SpringSecurity可能不會正常工作.?
在web.xml中我們定義servlet:spring.?
按照慣例,我們必須聲明一個spring-servle.xml?
spring-servle.xml?
Xml代碼??
<?xml?version="1.0"?encoding="UTF-8"?>??
<beans?xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"??
????xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"?xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"??
????xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans???
????????????http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">??
??
????<!--?定義一個視圖解析器?-->??
????<bean?id="viewResolver"??
????????class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"??
????????p:prefix="/WEB-INF/jsp/"?p:suffix=".jsp"?/>??
??
</beans>??
這個XML配置聲明一個視圖解析器.在控制器中會根據JSP名映射到/ WEB-INF/jsp中相應的位置.?
然后創建一個applicationContext.xml.?
applicationContext.xml.?
Xml代碼??
<?xml?version="1.0"?encoding="UTF-8"?>??
<beans?xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"??
????xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"???
????xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"??
????xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"??
????xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans???
????????????http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd??
????????????http://www.springframework.org/schema/context??
????????????http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd??
????????????http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc???
????????????http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd">??
??
????<!--?激活spring的注解.?-->??
????<context:annotation-config?/>??
??
????<!--?掃描注解組件并且自動的注入spring?beans中.???
????例如,他會掃描@Controller?和@Service下的文件.所以確保此base-package設置正確.?-->??
????<context:component-scan?base-package="org.liukai.tutorial"?/>??
??
????<!--?配置注解驅動的Spring?MVC?Controller?的編程模型.注:次標簽只在?Servlet?MVC工作!?-->??
????<mvc:annotation-driven?/>??
??
</beans>??
接著是創建JSP頁面?
commonpage.jsp?
Jsp代碼??
<%@?page?language="java"?contentType="text/html;?charset=UTF-8"??
????pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>??
<!DOCTYPE?html?PUBLIC?"-//W3C//DTD?HTML?4.01?Transitional//EN"?"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">??
<html>??
<head>??
<meta?http-equiv="Content-Type"?content="text/html;?charset=UTF-8">??
<title>Insert?title?here</title>??
</head>??
<body>??
????<h1>Common?Page</h1>??
????<p>每個人都能訪問的頁面.</p>??
????<a?href="/spring3-security-integration/main/admin">?Go?AdminPage?</a>??
????<br?/>??
????<a?href="/spring3-security-integration/auth/login">退出登錄</a>??
??
</body>??
</html>??
adminpage.jsp?
Jsp代碼??
<%@?page?language="java"?contentType="text/html;?charset=UTF-8"??
????pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>??
<!DOCTYPE?html?PUBLIC?"-//W3C//DTD?HTML?4.01?Transitional//EN"?"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">??
<html>??
<head>??
<meta?http-equiv="Content-Type"?content="text/html;?charset=UTF-8">??
<title>Insert?title?here</title>??
</head>??
<body>??
????<h1>Admin?Page</h1>??
????<p>管理員頁面</p>??
????<a?href="/spring3-security-integration/auth/login">退出登錄</a>??
</body>??
</html>??
這兩個JSP對應著?
?
?
當然還有登陸頁面和拒絕訪問頁面?
?
?
loginpage.jsp?
Jsp代碼??
<%@?taglib?uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core"?prefix="c"%>??
<%@?taglib?uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags/form"?prefix="form"%>??
<%@?taglib?uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags"?prefix="spring"%>??
??
<%@?page?language="java"?contentType="text/html;?charset=UTF-8"??
????pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>??
<!DOCTYPE?html?PUBLIC?"-//W3C//DTD?HTML?4.01?Transitional//EN"?"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">??
<html>??
<head>??
<meta?http-equiv="Content-Type"?content="text/html;?charset=UTF-8">??
<title>Insert?title?here</title>??
</head>??
<body>??
??
????<h1>Login</h1>??
??
????<div?id="login-error">${error}</div>??
??
????<form?action="../j_spring_security_check"?method="post">??
??
????????<p>??
????????????<label?for="j_username">Username</label>?<input?id="j_username"??
????????????????name="j_username"?type="text"?/>??
????????</p>??
??
????????<p>??
????????????<label?for="j_password">Password</label>?<input?id="j_password"??
????????????????name="j_password"?type="password"?/>??
????????</p>??
??
????????<input?type="submit"?value="Login"?/>??
??
????</form>??
??
</body>??
</html>??
deniedpage.jsp?
Jsp代碼??
<%@?page?language="java"?contentType="text/html;?charset=UTF-8"??
????pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>??
<!DOCTYPE?html?PUBLIC?"-//W3C//DTD?HTML?4.01?Transitional//EN"?"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">??
<html>??
<head>??
<meta?http-equiv="Content-Type"?content="text/html;?charset=UTF-8">??
<title>Insert?title?here</title>??
</head>??
<body>??
????<h1>你的權限不夠!</h1>??
????<p>只有擁有Admin權限才能訪問!</p>??
????<a?href="/spring3-security-integration/auth/login">退出登錄</a>??
</body>??
</html>??
還有一個controller用于映射上面兩個JSP頁面..?
LoginLogoutController.java?
Java代碼??
package?org.liukai.tutorial.controller;??
??
import?org.apache.log4j.Logger;??
import?org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;??
import?org.springframework.ui.ModelMap;??
import?org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;??
import?org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;??
import?org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;??
??
@Controller??
@RequestMapping("auth")??
public?class?LoginLogoutController?{??
??
????protected?static?Logger?logger?=?Logger.getLogger("controller");??
??
????/**?
?????*?指向登錄頁面?
?????*/??
????@RequestMapping(value?=?"/login",?method?=?RequestMethod.GET)??
????public?String?getLoginPage(??
????????????@RequestParam(value?=?"error",?required?=?false)?boolean?error,??
????????????ModelMap?model)?{??
??
????????logger.debug("Received?request?to?show?login?page");??
??
????????if?(error?==?true)?{??
????????????//?Assign?an?error?message??
????????????model.put("error",??
????????????????????"You?have?entered?an?invalid?username?or?password!");??
????????}?else?{??
????????????model.put("error",?"");??
????????}??
????????return?"loginpage";??
??
????}??
??
????/**?
?????*?指定無訪問額權限頁面?
?????*??
?????*?@return?
?????*/??
????@RequestMapping(value?=?"/denied",?method?=?RequestMethod.GET)??
????public?String?getDeniedPage()?{??
??
????????logger.debug("Received?request?to?show?denied?page");??
??
????????return?"deniedpage";??
??
????}??
}??
該controller實現了兩個映射?
引用
auth/login???? --顯示Login頁面?
auth/denied??? --顯示拒絕訪問頁面
最后,讓我們看看spring-security.xml的配置?
spring-security.xml?
Xml代碼??
<?xml?version="1.0"?encoding="UTF-8"?>??
<beans?xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"??
????xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"???
????xmlns:security="http://www.springframework.org/schema/security"??
????xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans???
????????????http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd??
????????????http://www.springframework.org/schema/security???
????????????http://www.springframework.org/schema/security/spring-security-3.0.xsd">??
??????
????<!--??Spring-Security?的配置?-->??
????<!--?注意開啟use-expressions.表示開啟表達式.??
????see:http://www.family168.com/tutorial/springsecurity3/html/el-access.html??
?????-->??
????<security:http?auto-config="true"?use-expressions="true"?access-denied-page="/auth/denied"?>??
??????????
????????<security:intercept-url?pattern="/auth/login"?access="permitAll"/>??
????????<security:intercept-url?pattern="/main/admin"?access="hasRole('ROLE_ADMIN')"/>??
????????<security:intercept-url?pattern="/main/common"?access="hasRole('ROLE_USER')"/>??
??????????
????????<security:form-login??
????????????????login-page="/auth/login"???
????????????????authentication-failure-url="/auth/login?error=true"???
????????????????default-target-url="/main/common"/>??
??????????????
????????<security:logout???
????????????????invalidate-session="true"???
????????????????logout-success-url="/auth/login"???
????????????????logout-url="/auth/logout"/>??
??????
????</security:http>??
??????
????<!--?指定一個自定義的authentication-manager?:customUserDetailsService?-->??
????<security:authentication-manager>??
????????????<security:authentication-provider?user-service-ref="customUserDetailsService">??
????????????????????<security:password-encoder?ref="passwordEncoder"/>??
????????????</security:authentication-provider>??
????</security:authentication-manager>??
??????
????<!--?對密碼進行MD5編碼?-->??
????<bean?class="org.springframework.security.authentication.encoding.Md5PasswordEncoder"?id="passwordEncoder"/>??
??
????<!--???
????????通過?customUserDetailsService,Spring會自動的用戶的訪問級別.??
????????也可以理解成:以后我們和數據庫操作就是通過customUserDetailsService來進行關聯.??
?????-->??
????<bean?id="customUserDetailsService"?class="org.liukai.tutorial.service.CustomUserDetailsService"/>??
??????
</beans>??
在配置中我們可以看到三個URL對應的三個權限?
Xml代碼??
<security:intercept-url?pattern="/auth/login"?access="permitAll"/>??
????????<security:intercept-url?pattern="/main/admin"?access="hasRole('ROLE_ADMIN')"/>??
????????<security:intercept-url?pattern="/main/common"?access="hasRole('ROLE_USER')"/>??
需要注意的是我們使用了SpringEL表達式來指定角色的訪問.?
以下是表達式對應的用法.?
引用
表達式 說明?
hasRole([role]) 返回 true 如果當前主體擁有特定角色。?
hasAnyRole([role1,role2]) 返回 true 如果當前主體擁有任何一個提供的角色 （使用逗號分隔的字符串隊列）?
principal 允許直接訪問主體對象，表示當前用戶?
authentication 允許直接訪問當前 Authentication對象 從SecurityContext中獲得?
permitAll 一直返回true?
denyAll 一直返回false?
isAnonymous() 如果用戶是一個匿名登錄的用戶 就會返回 true?
isRememberMe() 如果用戶是通過remember-me 登錄的用戶 就會返回 true?
isAuthenticated() 如果用戶不是匿名用戶就會返回true?
isFullyAuthenticated() 如果用戶不是通過匿名也不是通過remember-me登錄的用戶時， 就會返回true。?
所以?
Xml代碼??
<security:intercept-url?pattern="/auth/login"?access="permitAll"/>??
表示所有的人都可以訪問/auth/login.?
Xml代碼??
<security:intercept-url?pattern="/main/admin"?access="hasRole('ROLE_ADMIN')"/>??
????????<security:intercept-url?pattern="/main/common"?access="hasRole('ROLE_USER')"/>??
則表示只有擁有對應的角色才能訪問.?
Xml代碼??
<security:form-login??
????????login-page="/auth/login"???
????????authentication-failure-url="/auth/login?error=true"???
????????default-target-url="/main/common"/>??
表示通過 /auth/login這個映射進行登錄.?
如果驗證失敗則返回一個URL:/auth/login?error=true?
如果登錄成功則默認指向:/main/common?
Xml代碼??
security:logout???
????????????????invalidate-session="true"???
????????????????logout-success-url="/auth/login"???
????????????????logout-url="/auth/logout"/>??
很簡單.我們開啟了session失效功能.?
注銷URL為:/auth/logout?
注銷成功后轉向:/auth/login?
Xml代碼??
<!--?指定一個自定義的authentication-manager?:customUserDetailsService?-->??
????<security:authentication-manager>??
????????????<security:authentication-provider?user-service-ref="customUserDetailsService">??
????????????????????<security:password-encoder?ref="passwordEncoder"/>??
????????????</security:authentication-provider>??
????</security:authentication-manager>??
??????
????<!--?對密碼進行MD5編碼?-->??
????<bean?class="org.springframework.security.authentication.encoding.Md5PasswordEncoder"?id="passwordEncoder"/>??
??
????<!--???
????????通過?customUserDetailsService,Spring會自動的用戶的訪問級別.??
????????也可以理解成:以后我們和數據庫操作就是通過customUserDetailsService來進行關聯.??
?????-->??
????<bean?id="customUserDetailsService"?class="org.liukai.tutorial.service.CustomUserDetailsService"/>??
一個自定義的CustomUserDetailsService,是實現SpringSecurity的UserDetailsService接口,但我們重寫了他即便于我們進行數據庫操作.?
DbUser.java?
Java代碼??
package?org.liukai.tutorial.domain;??
??
public?class?DbUser?{??
??
????private?String?username;??
????private?String?password;??
????private?Integer?access;??
??
?????//getter/setter??
??
}??
通過一個初始化的List來模擬數據庫操作.?
UserDao.java?
Java代碼??
package?org.liukai.tutorial.dao;??
??
import?java.util.ArrayList;??
import?java.util.List;??
??
import?org.apache.log4j.Logger;??
import?org.liukai.tutorial.domain.DbUser;??
??
public?class?UserDao?{??
??
????protected?static?Logger?logger?=?Logger.getLogger("dao");??
??
????public?DbUser?getDatabase(String?username)?{??
??
????????List<DbUser>?users?=?internalDatabase();??
??
????????for?(DbUser?dbUser?:?users)?{??
????????????if?(dbUser.getUsername().equals(username)?==?true)?{??
????????????????logger.debug("User?found");??
????????????????return?dbUser;??
????????????}??
????????}??
????????logger.error("User?does?not?exist!");??
????????throw?new?RuntimeException("User?does?not?exist!");??
??
????}??
??
????/**?
?????*?初始化數據?
?????*/??
????private?List<DbUser>?internalDatabase()?{??
??
????????List<DbUser>?users?=?new?ArrayList<DbUser>();??
????????DbUser?user?=?null;??
??
????????user?=?new?DbUser();??
????????user.setUsername("admin");??
??
????????//?"admin"經過MD5加密后??
????????user.setPassword("21232f297a57a5a743894a0e4a801fc3");??
????????user.setAccess(1);??
??
????????users.add(user);??
??
????????user?=?new?DbUser();??
????????user.setUsername("user");??
??
????????//?"user"經過MD5加密后??
????????user.setPassword("ee11cbb19052e40b07aac0ca060c23ee");??
????????user.setAccess(2);??
??
????????users.add(user);??
??
????????return?users;??
??
????}??
}??
自定義UserDetailsService .可以通過繼承UserDetailsService?
來達到靈活的自定義UserDetailsService?
關于UserDetailsService更多信息. 可以查看SpringSecurity3文檔?
CustomUserDetailsService.java?
Java代碼??
?package?org.liukai.tutorial.service;??
??
import?java.util.ArrayList;??
import?java.util.Collection;??
import?java.util.List;??
??
import?org.apache.log4j.Logger;??
import?org.liukai.tutorial.dao.UserDao;??
import?org.liukai.tutorial.domain.DbUser;??
import?org.springframework.dao.DataAccessException;??
import?org.springframework.security.core.GrantedAuthority;??
import?org.springframework.security.core.authority.GrantedAuthorityImpl;??
import?org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.User;??
import?org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;??
import?org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService;??
import?org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UsernameNotFoundException;??
??
/**?
?*?一個自定義的service用來和數據庫進行操作.?即以后我們要通過數據庫保存權限.則需要我們繼承UserDetailsService?
?*??
?*?@author?liukai?
?*??
?*/??
public?class?CustomUserDetailsService?implements?UserDetailsService?{??
??
????protected?static?Logger?logger?=?Logger.getLogger("service");??
??
????private?UserDao?userDAO?=?new?UserDao();??
??
????public?UserDetails?loadUserByUsername(String?username)??
????????????throws?UsernameNotFoundException,?DataAccessException?{??
??
????????UserDetails?user?=?null;??
??
????????try?{??
??
????????????//?搜索數據庫以匹配用戶登錄名.??
????????????//?我們可以通過dao使用JDBC來訪問數據庫??
????????????DbUser?dbUser?=?userDAO.getDatabase(username);??
??
????????????//?Populate?the?Spring?User?object?with?details?from?the?dbUser??
????????????//?Here?we?just?pass?the?username,?password,?and?access?level??
????????????//?getAuthorities()?will?translate?the?access?level?to?the?correct??
????????????//?role?type??
??
????????????user?=?new?User(dbUser.getUsername(),?dbUser.getPassword()??
????????????????????.toLowerCase(),?true,?true,?true,?true,??
????????????????????getAuthorities(dbUser.getAccess()));??
??
????????}?catch?(Exception?e)?{??
????????????logger.error("Error?in?retrieving?user");??
????????????throw?new?UsernameNotFoundException("Error?in?retrieving?user");??
????????}??
??
????????return?user;??
????}??
??
????/**?
?????*?獲得訪問角色權限?
?????*??
?????*?@param?access?
?????*?@return?
?????*/??
????public?Collection<GrantedAuthority>?getAuthorities(Integer?access)?{??
??
????????List<GrantedAuthority>?authList?=?new?ArrayList<GrantedAuthority>(2);??
??
????????//?所有的用戶默認擁有ROLE_USER權限??
????????logger.debug("Grant?ROLE_USER?to?this?user");??
????????authList.add(new?GrantedAuthorityImpl("ROLE_USER"));??
??
????????//?如果參數access為1.則擁有ROLE_ADMIN權限??
????????if?(access.compareTo(1)?==?0)?{??
????????????logger.debug("Grant?ROLE_ADMIN?to?this?user");??
????????????authList.add(new?GrantedAuthorityImpl("ROLE_ADMIN"));??
????????}??
??
????????return?authList;??
????}??
}??
最后啟動服務器輸入:?
http://localhost:8080/spring3-security-integration/auth/login?
總結?
通過本教程.我們對SpringSecurity3有了進一步的認識.?
主要是了解了UserDetailsService的重要作用.?
以及實現了模擬自定義數據的登錄.(這點很重要,很多人學習了SpringSecurity卻不知道?
如何自定義權限)?
這次教程因為內容很多,顯得比較粗糙.很多地方并沒有詳細的闡明.?
后面的教程還是SpringSecurity.?
但我們將對SpringSecurity3新推出的一些特性進行詳細的說明和理解.?
BTW:附件為本次教程源碼.你可以下載后直接在tomcat或其他web服務器啟動.也可以自行添加?
maven插件啟動.?
?
?
轉載于:https://www.cnblogs.com/hackerxian/p/10871666.html
總結
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