場景

在Java代碼中調用mysqldump命令實現對指定的mysql數據庫和指定的表導出為sql文件。

并將sql文件進行壓縮成zip存儲備份。

mysqldump 簡介

mysqldump 是 MySQL 自帶的邏輯備份工具。

它的備份原理是通過協議連接到 MySQL 數據庫，將需要備份的數據查詢出來，將查詢出的數據轉換成對應的insert 語句，當我們需要還原這些數據時，只要執行這些 insert 語句，即可將對應的數據還原。

要想使用我們需要找到mysql安裝目錄下的bin下的mysqldump.exe

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因為沒有將其添加到環境變量中，所以需要找到其所在的全路徑。

注：

博客：
https://blog.csdn.net/badao_liumang_qizhi
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實現

首先需要聲明一些執行mysqldump的變量

??? private static String hostIP = "127.0.0.1";private static String userName = "root";private static String password = "123456";//sql文件存儲的路徑private static String savePath = "D:/bak";//sql文件存儲名private static String fileName = "badaoBak"+new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddHHmmss").format(new Date())+".sql";//數據庫名private static String databaseName = "test";private static final int BUFFER = 8192;//zip壓縮包存儲路徑private static String zipPath = "D:/bak/badao.zip";

然后新建方法用語執行sql的導出

??? /*** 執行數據備份* @return*/public static String dataBakExec(){String sqlFilePath = "";File saveFile = new File(savePath);// 如果目錄不存在if (!saveFile.exists()) {// 創建文件夾saveFile.mkdirs();}if(!savePath.endsWith(File.separator)){savePath = savePath + File.separator;}PrintWriter printWriter = null;BufferedReader bufferedReader = null;try {printWriter = new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream(savePath + fileName), "utf8"));sqlFilePath= savePath + fileName;//導出指定數據庫指定表的結構和數據Process process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("C:/Program Files/MySQL/MySQL Server 5.6/bin/mysqldump -h" + hostIP + " -u" + userName + " -p" + password + " --set-charset=UTF8 " + databaseName +" book ");//導出指定數據庫指定表的結構//Process process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("C:/Program Files/MySQL/MySQL Server 5.6/bin/mysqldump -h" + hostIP + " -u" + userName + " -p" + password + " --set-charset=UTF8 " + databaseName + " book -d");//導出指定數據庫指定表符合條件的結構和數據//Process process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("C:/Program Files/MySQL/MySQL Server 5.6/bin/mysqldump -h" + hostIP + " -u" + userName + " -p" + password + " --set-charset=UTF8 " + databaseName +" book "+" --where=\" price> 100" + "\" ");InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream(), "utf8");bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(inputStreamReader);String line;while((line = bufferedReader.readLine())!= null){printWriter.println(line);}printWriter.flush();//0 表示線程正常終止。if(process.waitFor() == 0){System.out.println("備份數據成功");}}catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();} finally {try {if (bufferedReader != null) {bufferedReader.close();}if (printWriter != null) {printWriter.close();}} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}return? sqlFilePath;}

注意把這里的mysqldump的路徑改為自己的路徑。

執行的命令如果不加具體的數據庫則導出所有的表，數據庫后面加表明則是導出具體的表。

并且還可以選擇導出表的結構和數據以及符合要求的表數據。

具體自行搜索musqldump命令。

備份sql效果

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sql備份成功后將其路徑返回，然后再新建一個生成zip壓縮包的方法

?? /*** 壓縮sql文件為zip* @param filePath sql文件路徑* @param zipPath? 要生成的zip壓縮包路徑*/public static void zipFile(String filePath,String zipPath) {ZipOutputStream out = null;try {out = new ZipOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(zipPath));} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {e.printStackTrace();}//得到文件列表信息File file = new File(filePath);// 壓縮zip包try {if (!file.exists()) {return;}BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(file));try {ZipEntry entry = new ZipEntry(file.getName());out.putNextEntry(entry);int count;byte data[] = new byte[BUFFER];while ((count = bis.read(data, 0, BUFFER)) != -1) {out.write(data, 0, count);}} catch (Exception e) {throw new RuntimeException(e);}finally {out.closeEntry();bis.close();}}catch (Exception e){e.printStackTrace();}finally {try {out.close();} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}System.out.println("生成zip成功");}

然后完整的main方法示例代碼

package com.badao.mysqlbak;import java.io.*; import java.text.SimpleDateFormat; import java.util.Date; import java.util.zip.ZipEntry; import java.util.zip.ZipOutputStream;public class MysqlBakMain {private static String hostIP = "127.0.0.1";private static String userName = "root";private static String password = "123456";//sql文件存儲的路徑private static String savePath = "D:/bak";//sql文件存儲名private static String fileName = "badaoBak"+new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddHHmmss").format(new Date())+".sql";//數據庫名private static String databaseName = "test";private static final int BUFFER = 8192;//zip壓縮包存儲路徑private static String zipPath = "D:/bak/badao.zip";public static void main(String[] args) {String sqlFilePath = dataBakExec();System.out.println("備份的sql文件保存路徑為:"+sqlFilePath);zipFile(sqlFilePath,zipPath);}/*** 執行數據備份* @return*/public static String dataBakExec(){String sqlFilePath = "";File saveFile = new File(savePath);// 如果目錄不存在if (!saveFile.exists()) {// 創建文件夾saveFile.mkdirs();}if(!savePath.endsWith(File.separator)){savePath = savePath + File.separator;}PrintWriter printWriter = null;BufferedReader bufferedReader = null;try {printWriter = new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream(savePath + fileName), "utf8"));sqlFilePath= savePath + fileName;//導出指定數據庫指定表的結構和數據Process process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("C:/Program Files/MySQL/MySQL Server 5.6/bin/mysqldump -h" + hostIP + " -u" + userName + " -p" + password + " --set-charset=UTF8 " + databaseName +" book ");//導出指定數據庫指定表的結構//Process process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("C:/Program Files/MySQL/MySQL Server 5.6/bin/mysqldump -h" + hostIP + " -u" + userName + " -p" + password + " --set-charset=UTF8 " + databaseName + " book -d");//導出指定數據庫指定表符合條件的結構和數據//Process process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("C:/Program Files/MySQL/MySQL Server 5.6/bin/mysqldump -h" + hostIP + " -u" + userName + " -p" + password + " --set-charset=UTF8 " + databaseName +" book "+" --where=\" price> 100" + "\" ");InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream(), "utf8");bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(inputStreamReader);String line;while((line = bufferedReader.readLine())!= null){printWriter.println(line);}printWriter.flush();//0 表示線程正常終止。if(process.waitFor() == 0){System.out.println("備份數據成功");}}catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();} finally {try {if (bufferedReader != null) {bufferedReader.close();}if (printWriter != null) {printWriter.close();}} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}return? sqlFilePath;}/*** 壓縮sql文件為zip* @param filePath sql文件路徑* @param zipPath? 要生成的zip壓縮包路徑*/public static void zipFile(String filePath,String zipPath) {ZipOutputStream out = null;try {out = new ZipOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(zipPath));} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {e.printStackTrace();}//得到文件列表信息File file = new File(filePath);// 壓縮zip包try {if (!file.exists()) {return;}BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(file));try {ZipEntry entry = new ZipEntry(file.getName());out.putNextEntry(entry);int count;byte data[] = new byte[BUFFER];while ((count = bis.read(data, 0, BUFFER)) != -1) {out.write(data, 0, count);}} catch (Exception e) {throw new RuntimeException(e);}finally {out.closeEntry();bis.close();}}catch (Exception e){e.printStackTrace();}finally {try {out.close();} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}System.out.println("生成zip成功");}}

運行效果

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總結

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