項目需要就在現有的服務器上面重新安裝了個mysql服務器，還挺費勁兒呢，因為之前都是在我的筆記本上面試驗的，它的系統(tǒng)是Ubuntu的，什么路徑啊，啟動方式啊。都不一樣所以這次還是讓我糾結了一把：

下面把我安裝過程中遇到的問題給傳上來，

首先rpm格式安裝就不多說了，主要是mysql的配置文件在：/etc/my.cnf這里，需要修改：

[mysqld]

datadir=/var/lib/mysql

socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

# Default to using old password format for compatibility with mysql 3.x

# clients (those using the mysqlclient10 compatibility package).

old_passwords=1　 ← 找到這一行，在這一行的下面添加新的規(guī)則，讓MySQL的默認編碼為UTF-8

default-character-set = utf8　 ← 添加這一行

然后在配置文件的文尾填加如下語句：

[mysql]

default-character-set = utf8

然后我就直接啟動mysql了，還以為是Ubuntu的那樣呢，安裝后自動啟動，可是centos不一樣，服務沒有啟動所以就抱錯了。

[root@fsailing1 init.d]# mysql -u root

ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' (2)

這個錯誤之前遇到過，就是因為錯誤或者其他的什么原因，mysql服務器沒有啟動造成的。

接著啟動mysql服務：

root@fsailing1 init.d]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld start

啟動 MySQL：?????????????????????????????????????????????? [確定]

[root@fsailing1 init.d]# ps -ef |grep mysql

root????? 1949???? 1? 0 22:21 pts/1??? 00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock --log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid --user=mysql

mysql???? 2002? 1949? 1 22:21 pts/1??? 00:00:00 /usr/libexec/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --user=mysql --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid --skip-external-locking --socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

root????? 2020? 1101? 0 22:21 pts/1??? 00:00:00 grep mysql

啟動方式有很多種：service方式service mysqld start 和安全方式：/usr/bin/mysqld_safe &

通過啟動服務的后綴我們可以清楚的看到，數據庫放在那里，錯誤日志在哪里，

完事之后，要看看字符集的問題(這個問題至今我還沒有搞清楚呢)。是否匹配：

mysql> show variables like 'character%';

+--------------------------+----------------------------+

| Variable_name??????????? | Value????????????????????? |

+--------------------------+----------------------------+

| character_set_client???? | latin1???????????????????? |

| character_set_connection | latin1???????????????????? |

| character_set_database?? | utf8?????????????????????? |

| character_set_filesystem | binary???????????????????? |

| character_set_results??? | latin1???????????????????? |

| character_set_server???? | utf8?????????????????????? |

| character_set_system???? | utf8?????????????????????? |

| character_sets_dir?????? | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |

+--------------------------+----------------------------+

8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

這種情況是不行的，我們只是改變了服務器的字符集，沒有改變客戶端的字符集。

修改my.cnf文件后，重啟mysql服務器后得知：

mysql> show variables like 'character%';

+--------------------------+----------------------------+

| Variable_name??????????? | Value????????????????????? |

+--------------------------+----------------------------+

| character_set_client???? | utf8?????????????????????? |

| character_set_connection | utf8?????????????????????? |

| character_set_database?? | utf8?????????????????????? |

| character_set_filesystem | binary???????????????????? |

| character_set_results??? | utf8?????????????????????? |

| character_set_server???? | utf8?????????????????????? |

| character_set_system???? | utf8?????????????????????? |

| character_sets_dir?????? | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |

+--------------------------+----------------------------+

8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

這樣就算是完成了，字符集的配置了。然后呢就是密碼和授權問題了。

查看用戶密碼：

mysql> select host, user ,password from user;

+-----------+------+----------+

| host????? | user | password |

+-----------+------+----------+

| localhost | root |????????? |

| fsailing1 | root |????????? |

| 127.0.0.1 | root |????????? |

| localhost |????? |????????? |

| fsailing1 |????? |????????? |

+-----------+------+----------+

5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

這里用戶和密碼有的是空的，怪不得不需要任何驗證都能夠登錄到服務器上去，這是很不安全的。所以要刪除這些不安全的用戶

mysql> delete from user where user='';

Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select host, user ,password from user;

+-----------+------+----------+

| host????? | user | password |

+-----------+------+----------+

| localhost | root |????????? |

| fsailing1 | root |????????? |

| 127.0.0.1 | root |????????? |

+-----------+------+----------+

3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

然后是設置現有的用戶密碼：這里可以update，set都行。

mysql> update user set password='123' where host='localhost';

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

Rows matched: 1? Changed: 1? Warnings: 0

mysql> select host, user ,password from user;

+-----------+------+----------+

| host????? | user | password |

+-----------+------+----------+

| localhost | root | 123????? |

| fsailing1 | root |????????? |

| 127.0.0.1 | root |????????? |

+-----------+------+----------+

3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

這里我一看傻眼了，沒有經過md5碼加密呢，算了這里還只能用set進行設置密碼呢。

mysql> set password for root@localhost=password('123');

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select host, user ,password from user;

+-----------+------+------------------+

| host????? | user | password???????? |

+-----------+------+------------------+

| localhost | root | 773359240eb9a1d9 |

| fsailing1 | root |????????????????? |

| 127.0.0.1 | root |????????????????? |

+-----------+------+------------------+

3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

到這里該做的基本上就算是完事了。

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