概述

Seata 是一款開(kāi)源的分布式事務(wù)解決方案，致力于提供高性能和簡(jiǎn)單易用的分布式事務(wù)服務(wù)。

更多的介紹可以參考官方文檔：Seata快速入門(mén)
本篇主要是介紹Spring Cloud Alibaba + JPA 整合 Seata 的過(guò)程

安裝Seata

• 下載Seata，打開(kāi) https://github.com/seata/seata/releases，現(xiàn)在最新的是1.3.0，所以選擇seata-server-1.3.0.tar.gz 進(jìn)行下載，放到/opt
• 解壓Seata到/usr/local目錄下

cd /opt tar -zxvf seata-server-1.3.0.tar.gz -C /usr/local cd /usr/local/seata/

• 這邊采用file單機(jī)模式（db模式相對(duì)麻煩一點(diǎn)，以后再另外介紹，從簡(jiǎn)單的先開(kāi)始），直接運(yùn)行命令啟動(dòng)即可

./bin/seata-server.sh

看到下面這個(gè)提示，說(shuō)明啟動(dòng)成功，默認(rèn)端口號(hào)8091

接下來(lái)介紹Spring Cloud Alibaba 接入Seata

業(yè)務(wù)場(chǎng)景

假設(shè)當(dāng)前存在2個(gè)微服務(wù)：訂單服務(wù)、支付服務(wù)。

• 用戶下單時(shí)，訂單服務(wù)需要調(diào)用支付服務(wù)進(jìn)行扣款
• 當(dāng)余額充足時(shí)下單成功，并全局提交事務(wù)
• 當(dāng)余額不足時(shí)下單失敗，并全局回滾事務(wù)

版本說(shuō)明

框架版本號(hào)

Spring Boot	2.1.13.RELEASE
Spring Cloud	Greenwich.SR6
Spring Cloud Alibaba	2.1.3.RELEASE
MySQL	8.0.11

創(chuàng)建父工程

創(chuàng)建父工程 hello-alibaba-seata，并引入依賴：

<dependencyManagement><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId><version>${spring-cloud-version}</version><type>pom</type><scope>import</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId><version>${spring-cloud-alibaba-version}</version><type>pom</type><scope>import</scope></dependency></dependencies> </dependencyManagement><dependencies><!--Spring Boot--><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId></dependency><!--Nacos--><dependency><groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId></dependency><!--Seata--><dependency><groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-seata</artifactId></dependency><!--MySQL--><dependency><groupId>mysql</groupId><artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId><version>${mysql.version}</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId><artifactId>lombok</artifactId><optional>true</optional></dependency> </dependencies>

創(chuàng)建公共服務(wù) common-server

該工程主要封裝公共的VO，由于測(cè)試場(chǎng)景比較簡(jiǎn)單，目前只有一個(gè)類

@Data @Builder public class ReduceAmountDto {private Long userId;private Integer amount; }

創(chuàng)建支付服務(wù) pay-order

在訂單-支付的關(guān)系中，支付服務(wù)相當(dāng)于provider，訂單服務(wù)相當(dāng)于consumer。因此，這邊我們先創(chuàng)建支付服務(wù)。

• 引入 common-server 依賴

<dependencies><dependency><groupId>com.train</groupId><artifactId>common-server</artifactId><version>${project.parent.version}</version></dependency></dependencies>

• 創(chuàng)建賬戶 Entity

@Data @Entity @Table(name = "t_account") public class AccountInfo {@Id@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)private Long id;/*** 用戶id*/@Column(name = "user_id")private Long userId;/*** 余額*/@Column(name = "amount")private Integer amount; }

• 創(chuàng)建Dao

public interface AccountDao extends CrudRepository<AccountInfo, Long> {/*** 根據(jù)userId獲取賬戶信息*/@Query(value = "SELECT a FROM AccountInfo a where a.userId = :userId")AccountInfo getByUserId(@Param("userId") Long userId);/*** 扣減賬戶余額*/@Modifying@Query("UPDATE AccountInfo SET amount = amount - :amount WHERE userId = :userId")Integer reduceAmount(@Param("userId") Long userId, @Param("amount") Integer amount); }

• 創(chuàng)建 Service

@Service public class PayServiceImpl implements PayService {@Autowiredprivate AccountDao accountDao;@Override@Transactional(rollbackFor = Exception.class)public void reduceAmount(Long userId, Integer reduceAmount) throws Exception {checkAmount(userId, reduceAmount);accountDao.reduceAmount(userId, reduceAmount);}private void checkAmount(Long userId, Integer reduceAmount) throws Exception {AccountInfo accountInfo = accountDao.getByUserId(userId);if (accountInfo == null){throw new Exception("找不到賬戶信息");}if (accountInfo.getAmount() < reduceAmount){throw new Exception("余額不足");}} }

• 創(chuàng)建 controller

@RestController @RequestMapping("/pay") public class PayController {@Autowiredprivate PayService payService;@PostMapping("/reduceAmount")public String reduceAmount(@RequestBody ReduceAmountDto input) throws Exception {payService.reduceAmount(input.getUserId(), input.getAmount());return "扣款成功";} }

• application.yml

server:port: 8012spring:application:name: pay-serverjpa:database: mysqldatasource:url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.25.129:3306/pay_db?serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&useSSL=falseusername: testpassword: 123456driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Drivercloud:nacos:discovery:server-addr: 192.168.25.131:8848 management:endpoints:web:exposure:include: "*"seata:enabled: trueapplication-id: ${spring.application.name}tx-service-group: my_test_tx_groupservice:vgroup-mapping:my_test_tx_group: defaultgrouplist:default: 192.168.25.131:8091config:type: filefile:name: file.confregistry:type: filefile:name: file.confenable-auto-data-source-proxy: true

注意：如果用的不是MySQL8，就要改下 driver-class-name

創(chuàng)建訂單服務(wù) order-server

• 引入 common-server 依賴

<dependencies><dependency><groupId>com.train</groupId><artifactId>common-server</artifactId><version>${project.parent.version}</version></dependency></dependencies>

• 創(chuàng)建訂單 Entity

@Data @Entity @Table(name = "t_order") public class Orders {@Id@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)private Long id;/*** 用戶id*/@Column(name = "user_id")private Long userId;/*** 金額*/@Column(name = "amount")private Integer amount; }

• 創(chuàng)建訂單 Dao

public interface OrdersDao extends CrudRepository<Orders, Long> { }

• 創(chuàng)建 Service

@Service @Slf4j public class OrderServiceImpl implements OrderService {@Autowiredprivate OrdersDao orderDao;@Autowiredprivate RestTemplate restTemplate;@Override@GlobalTransactionalpublic void save(Orders order) {orderDao.save(order);//扣款String reduceUrl = "http://pay-server/pay/reduceAmount";ReduceAmountDto input = ReduceAmountDto.builder().userId(order.getUserId()).amount(order.getAmount()).build();String result = restTemplate.postForObject(reduceUrl, input, String.class);log.info("調(diào)用pay-server結(jié)果：" + result);} }

@GlobalTransactional 表示開(kāi)啟Seata全局事務(wù)

• 創(chuàng)建 controller

@RestController @RequestMapping("/order") public class OrderController {@Autowiredprivate OrderService orderService;@RequestMapping("/save")public String save(@RequestBody Orders order){orderService.save(order);return "操作結(jié)束";} }

測(cè)試

啟動(dòng)Nacos

啟動(dòng)Seata

啟動(dòng)pay-server

啟動(dòng)order-server

調(diào)用創(chuàng)建訂單接口 http://localhost:8011/order/save ，構(gòu)造相應(yīng)的測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行測(cè)試就行

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