SAP R/3 Instances and Clients

SAP R/3 實例與實集

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An SAP R/3 implementation is usually performed with more thanone R/3 “system.” As with any software and database, theenvironments where configuration is performed and where newprograms are written and tested should not be the same environmentwhere the system is used on a day-to-day basis. SAP accommodatesthe need for these separate environments with instances andclients.

一個SAPR/3項目的實施通常不止使用一個R/3“系統”。就象任何軟件和數據庫一樣，配置用的環境和程序編寫和測試的環境應該是在與日常使用系統所在的環境不同的環境。SAP使用實例(instance)和實集(client)來滿足這些分離環境的需求的。

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An instance is typically named for the type of environment itsupports, it often has a three-character name, and its data iscontained in a separate database from other instances. An instancenamed DEV, for example, would indicate that development work wouldbe performed on this instance. An instance named PRD, for anotherexample, would indicate that this instance is used for“production,” or day-to-day use, and programming, configuration,and testing should not be performed in this instance. Onceconfiguration settings are satisfactory in a particular instance,they will be transported to another instance. Transporting will bediscussed later. There are typically three or more instancesdefined. The purposes of each instance include (but are certainlynot limited to) development & testing, qualityassurance, and production.

一個實例通常是按照其所支持的環境類型來命名的，通常有一個由三個字符組成的名字，它的數據存放在與其它實例分開的一個數據庫中。例如，一個名為DEV的實例表明在這個實例上要進行開發工作。再比如，一個名為PRD的實例表明該實例是用于“生產”，即日常使用，編程、配置和測試不應在該實例中執行。一旦配置設置在某個具體的實例中得到滿意結果，它們將被傳輸到另一個實例。每個實例具有不同的用途，包括（當然并不限于）開發與測試、質量保證和生產。

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A client, in SAP terms, indicates a “subsystem” within aninstance, and is indicated by a number, usually three digits. A PRD(productive) instance will likely have only one client (that isusable). That instance and client combination may be referred to asPRD100, for example. Other instances may contain a number ofclients, particularly if some development, configuration, programdevelopment, testing, or training must be done without affecting orbeing affected by other work currently being performed.

一個實集(client)，按SAP術語理解，表示的是一個實例(instance)的一個“子系統”，是一個數字表示的，通常為三位數。一個PRD(生產)實例將可能只有一個實集（是可以使用的）。這個實例與實集的組合可以稱為，比如，PRD100。其它的實例可以包含幾個實集，特別是如果某些開發、配置、程序開發、測試或培訓工作必須不影響其它正在執行的工作或不受這些工作的影響。

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It is common to see a DEV instance with clients such as 100,200, 300, and so on defined. In such a case, DEV100 may be theinstance/client that is considered the “clean” source for theconfiguration that will be used in the production instance& client, perhaps PRD100. DEV200 might be used forconfiguration testing. While much configuration is client-specific(if it is configured in DEV200, for example, it only affectsDEV200), some configuration is cross-client or not client specific(if it is configured in DEV200, it affects every client in the DEVinstance—100, 200, 300, and so on). Usually, the system willprovide a warning that a configuration step is cross-client.

一個DEV實例有幾個實集是很常見的，比如象100、200、300等等這樣定義的實集。在這種情形下，DEV100可以作為是“清潔”配置源的實例/實集，它的配置將被用于正式生產性的實例/實集中，可能稱為PRD100。DEV200可以用于測試配置結果。雖然許多配置是針對具體實集的（例如，如果配置是在DEV200完成的，它只會影響DEV200），有些配置是跨實集的，即不是針對具體實集的（如果配置是在DEV200中完成的，它將影響DEV實例中的所有實集– 100、200、300等等）。通常系統會警告說某個配置步驟是跨實集的。

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Programming (ABAP programming and so on) is usuallycross-client. If a programmer activates a program in DEV300, forexample, it will affect DEV100, DEV200, DEV300, and so on. It isfor this reason, in part, that during some SAP R/3 implementations,a separate instance may be reserved for program testing.

編程（ABAP編程等）通常是跨實集的。例如，如果一個程序員在DEV300中激活一個程序，它將影響DEV100、DEV200、DEV300等實集。正是部分地因為這個原因，在SAP R/3實施期間，會給程序測試預留一個單獨的實例。

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As discussed earlier, SAP “systems” are organized into“instances, ” each of which contains one or more “clients.”Examples of instances are DEV (for development and configuration),QAS (for quality assurance) and PRD (for the productive system).There may be more instances, but rarely less.

如早先已經討論的，SAP“系統”是組織成“實例(Instance)”的形式的，每個實例包含一個或多個“實集(Client)”。實例的例子有DEV（用于開發和配置），QAS（用于質量保證）和PRD（用于生產系統）。（一個實施項目）可能會有比這些實例更多的實例，但是很少會有更少的。

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Each instance (DEV, QAS, PRD, etc.) may consist of more than oneclient.

The clients are typically identified by a three-digit number,such as 100, 110, 120, 200, etc. Each client within an instance canshare SAP R/3 programs, but will have its own transactional data.Some configuration will affect all of the clients in an instance,but some configuration will only affect the client in which it hasbeen performed. Each unique combination of instance and client isidentified as “DEV100, ”“DEV 120” and “QAS100, ” for example. Sincethe productive/production instance normally contains only one(accessible) client, it is often referred to simply as “PRD.”Instances and clients will be discussed again later.

每個實例（DEV, QAS,PRD等）可以由不止一個實集（Client）組成。這些實集通常是用三位數的數字來識別身份，例如100, 110, 120,200等。一個實例中的每個實集可以共享SAPR/3程序，但是將擁有自己的事務數據。某些配置將影響一個實例中的所有實集，但是有些配置只會影響設置這個配置的那個實集。每個唯一的實例實集組合是以諸如“DEV100”、“DEV 120” 和“QAS100”等來識別身份的。由于生產（性）實例通常只包含一個（可使用的）實集，它通常簡單地稱為“PRD”就足夠了。（本書）將在以后對實例和實集做進一步討論。

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