【整理】ABAP 7.40新特性介绍（上）
ABAP 7.40 Quick Reference?
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1. Inline Declarations - 內聯聲明
| Description | Before 7.40 | With 7.40 |
| Data statement | DATA text TYPE string. | DATA(text)?=?`ABC`. |
| Loop at into work area | DATA wa like LINE OF itab. | LOOP AT itab?INTO DATA(wa).??? |
| Call method | DATA a1 TYPE … DATA a2 TYPE … oref->meth(?IMPORTING p1 = a1 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?IMPORTING?p2 = a2). | oref->meth( ????????IMPORTING p1 = DATA(a1) ??????? IMPORTING p2 = DATA(a2)?). |
| Loop at assigning | FIELD-SYMBOLS:?<line> type … LOOP AT itab?ASSIGNING <line>. ? … ENDLOOP. | LOOP AT itab ?? ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<line>). |
| Read assigning | FIELD-SYMBOLS:?<line> type … READ TABLE itab ?????????? ASSIGNING <line>. | READ TABLE itab ?? ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<line>). |
| Select into table | DATA?itab TYPE TABLE OF dbtab. SELECT * FROM dbtab ?? INTO TABLE itab ??????? WHERE?fld1 =lv_fld1. | SELECT * FROM dbtab ?? INTO TABLE DATA(itab)? ??????? WHERE fld1 = @lv_fld1. |
| Select single into | SELECT SINGLE f1 f2? ? FROM dbtab ? INTO?(lv_f1, lv_f2) WHERE … WRITE: /?lv_f1,?lv_f2. | SELECT SINGLE f1 AS my_f1, ????????????? F2 AS abc?? ???????? FROM dbtab ???????? INTO DATA(ls_structure) ??????? WHERE … WRITE: / ls_structure-my_f1,????????????? ls_structure-abc. |
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2. Table Expressions - 內表讀取
If a table line is not found, the exception CX_SY_ITAB_LINE_NOT_FOUND is raised. No sy-subrc.
如果找不到內表行，則觸發異常CX_SY_ITAB_LINE_NOT_FOUND 。沒有sy-subrc。
| Description | Before 7.40 | With 7.40 |
| Read Table? index | READ TABLE itab INDEX idx ????? INTO wa. | wa = itab[ idx ]. |
| Read Table? using key | READ TABLE itab INDEX idx ???? USING KEY key ????? INTO wa. | wa = itab[ KEY key INDEX idx ]. |
| Read Table? with key | READ TABLE itab ? WITH KEY col1 =?… ?????????? col2 =?… ?????? INTO wa. | wa = itab[ col1 =?…?col2 =?…]. |
| Read Table? with key components | READ TABLE itab ????? WITH TABLE KEY key COMPONENTS col1 =?… ?????????? col2 =?… ????? INTO wa. | wa = itab[ KEY key col1 =?… ??????????????????? col2 =?…]. |
| Does record exist? | READ TABLE itab … ??? TRANSPORTING NO FIELDS. IF sy-subrc = 0. ? … ENDIF. | IF line_exists( itab[ … ] ). … ENDIF. |
| Get table index | DATA idx type sy-tabix. READ TABLE … ? TRANSPORTING NO FIELDS. ? idx = sy-tabix. | DATA(idx) = ?????? line_index( itab[ …?] ). |
NB: There will be a short dump if you use an inline expression that references a non-existent record.
??????? SAP says you should therefore assign a field symbol and check sy-subrc.
注意：如果使用內聯表達式引用一個不存在的記錄，則會出現Dump。SAP因此建議應該指定一個字段符號并檢查sy-subrc。
ASSIGN?lt_tab[?1?]?to FIELD–SYMBOL(<ls_tab>).
IF?sy–subrc?=?0.
…
ENDIF.
NB: Use itab [?table_line?= … ] for untyped tables.
注意：對于非類型化的表使用itab [?table_line?= … ]
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3. Conversion Operator CONV - 轉換運算符CONV
- ?I.? Definition
CONV dtype|#( … )
dtype?= Type you want to convert to (explicit)
#???? = compiler must use the context to decide the type to convert to (implicit)
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- II. Example
Method?cl_abap_codepage=>convert_to?expects a string
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4. Value Operator VALUE - 值運算符VALUE
- I.?? Definition
? 變量Variables:????VALUE dtype|#( )
????結構Structures:? VALUE dtype|#( comp1 = a1 comp2 = a2 … )
????內表Tables:?????????VALUE dtype|#( ( … ) ( … ) … ) …
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- ?II.? Example for structures
???? OR
???? struct_nest?? = VALUE t_struct(coln1 = 1?coln2 = VALUE #( cols1 = 1?cols2 = 2 ) ).?
- III. Examples for internal tables
Elementary line type:
TYPES t_itab TYPE TABLE OF i WITH EMPTY KEY.DATA itab TYPE t_itab.itab = VALUE #( ( ) ( 1 ) ( 2 ) ).Structured line type (RANGES?table):DATA itab TYPE RANGE OF i.itab = VALUE #( sign = ‘I’? option = ‘BT’ ( low = 1? high = 10 )? ( low = 21 high = 30 )? ( low = 41 high = 50 )? option = ‘GE’ ( low = 61 )? ).?
5. FOR operator - FOR操作符
- I.?? Definition
FOR wa|<fs> IN itab [INDEX INTO idx] [cond]
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- II.? Explanation
This effectively causes a loop at itab. For each loop the row read is assigned to a work area (wa) or field-symbol(<fs>).
This wa or <fs> is local to the expression i.e. if declared in a subrourine the variable wa or <fs> is a local variable of
that subroutine. Index like SY-TABIX in loop.
這樣就高效的循環了內表itab。對于每個循環，讀取的每一行行被分配給工作區（wa）或字段符號（<fs>）。
這里的wa或<fs>是表達式的局部變量，即如果在子例程中聲明，則變量wa或<fs>也屬于那個子程序的局部變量。類似SY-TABIX這樣的索引在循環中的使用。
Given:?
TYPES:?BEGIN OF?ty_ship,tknum?TYPE?tknum,?????“Shipment Numbername??TYPE?ernam,?????“Name of Person who Created the Objectcity??TYPE?ort01,?????“Starting cityroute?TYPE?route,?????“Shipment routeEND OF?ty_ship. TYPES:?ty_ships?TYPE SORTED TABLE OF?ty_ship?WITH UNIQUE KEY?tknum. TYPES:?ty_citys?TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF?ort01?WITH?EMPTY?KEY.GT_SHIPS?type?ty_ships. -> 已填充如下值:
- III. Example 1
Populate internal table GT_CITYS with the cities from GT_SHIPS.
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- ?IV. Example 2
Populate internal table GT_CITYS with the cities from GT_SHIPS where the route is R0001.
Note:?ls_ship does not appear to have been declared but it is declared implicitly.
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- V. FOR with THEN and UNTIL|WHILE
FOR i = … [THEN expr] UNTIL|WHILE log_exp
Populate an internal table as follows:
TYPES:BEGIN OF ty_line,col1 TYPE i,col2 TYPE i,col3 TYPE i,END OF ty_line,ty_tab TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF ty_line WITH EMPTY KEY.?
6. Reduction operator REDUCE - 縮減運算符REDUCE
- I.?? Definition
… REDUCE type(
INIT result = start_value
?????????? …
FOR for_exp1
FOR for_exp2
…
NEXT …
?????????? result = iterated_value
… )
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- II.? Note
?While VALUE and NEW expressions can include FOR expressions, REDUCE must include at least one FOR expression. You can use all kinds????? of FOR expressions in REDUCE:
雖然VALUE和NEW 表達式可以包含FOR表達式，但REDUCE必須至少包含一個FOR表達式。您可以在REDUCE中使用各種FOR表達式：
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- III. Example 1
Count lines of table that meet a condition (field F1 contains “XYZ”).
計算滿足條件的內表行數（字段F1包含“XYZ”的）。
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- IV. Example 2
Sum the values 1 to 10 stored in the column of a table defined as follows
將存儲在表中的值1和10相加，定義如下
DATA?gt_itab?TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF i WITH?EMPTY?KEY. gt_itab?=?VALUE?#(?FOR?j?=?1?WHILE?j <=?10?(?j?) ).?
- ?V.? Example 3
Using a class reference – works because “write” method returns reference to instance object
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7. Conditional operators COND and SWITCH - 條件運算符COND 和SWITCH
- I.?? Definition
… COND dtype|#( WHEN log_exp1 THEN result1?
[ WHEN log_exp2 THEN result2 ]?
…?
[ ELSE resultn ] ) …
… SWITCH dtype|#( operand?
WHEN const1 THEN result1?
[ WHEN const2 THEN result2 ]?
…?
[ ELSE resultn ] ) …
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- II.? Example for COND
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- ?III. Example for SWITCH
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8. CORRESPONDING operator - CORRESPONDING 運算符
- I.?? Definition
… CORRESPONDING type( [BASE ( base )] struct|itab [mapping|except] )
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- II.? Example Code
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- III. Output
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- IV. Explanation
Given structures ls_line1 & ls_line2 defined and populated as above.
給定結構ls_line1和ls_line2的定義和填充如上所述。
1、The contents of ls_line1 are moved to ls_line2 where?there is a matching column name. Where there is no match the column of ls_line2?is initialised.
當有匹配的列名時將ls_line1的內容移動到ls_line2。如果沒有匹配項，則初始化ls_line2的列。
2、This uses the existing contents?of ls_line2 as a base and overwrites the matching columns from ls_line1.This is exactly like MOVE-CORRESPONDING.
將ls_line2的現有內容作為基礎，并根據ls_line1中的匹配列進行覆蓋。這完全像MOVE-CORRESPONDING。
3、This creates a third and new?structure (ls_line3) which is based on ls_line2 but overwritten by matching columns of ls_line1.
創建第三個新結構（ls_line3），該結構基于ls_line2，然后ls_line2被ls_line1的匹配列覆蓋。
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- V.? Additions MAPPING and EXCEPT
MAPPING allows you to map fields with non-identically named components to qualify for the data transfer.
映射允許您映射名字不匹配的組件字段，以符合數據傳輸的條件。
?? … MAPPING? t1 = s1 t2 = s2
EXCEPT allows you to list fields that must be excluded from the data transfer.
EXCEPT允許您列出必須從數據傳輸中排除的字段。
?? … EXCEPT? {t1 t2 …}
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