基于Multi Master MySQL(MMM)实现Mariadb10读写分离
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基于Multi Master MySQL(MMM)实现Mariadb10读写分离
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----本文大綱
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簡介
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資源配置
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拓撲圖
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實現過程
一、簡介
MMM即Master-Master Replication Manager for MySQL（mysql主主復制管理器）關于mysql主主復制配置的監控、故障轉移和管理的一套可伸縮的腳本套件（在任何時候只有一個節點可以被寫入），這個套件也能對居于標準的主從配置的任意數量的從服務器進行讀負載均衡，所以你可以用它來在一組居于復制的服務器啟動虛擬ip，除此之外，它還有實現數據備份、節點之間重新同步功能的腳本。MySQL本身沒有提供replication failover的解決方案，通過MMM方案能實現服務器的故障轉移，從而實現mysql的高可用。MMM不僅能提供浮動IP的功能，更可貴的是如果當前的主服務器掛掉后，會將你后端的從服務器自動轉向新的主服務器進行同步復制，不用手工更改同步配置。這個方案是目前比較成熟的解決方案。
方案優缺點優點：安全性、穩定性高，可擴展性好，高可用，當主服務器掛掉以后，另一個主立即接管，其他的從服務器能自動切換，不用人工干預。
缺點：至少三個節點，對主機的數量有要求，需要實現讀寫分離，對程序來說是個挑戰。
二、資源配置
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主機屬性
| 系統 | 名字 | 角色 | 主機名 | ip地址 | 關系 |
| Centos6.5x86_64 | DB1 | Master | essun.mariadb1.com | 192.168.1.109 | 與DB2互為主從 |
| Centos6.5x86_64 | DB2 | Master | essun.mariadb2.com | 192.168.1.112 | 與DB1互為主從 |
| Centos6.5x86_64 | DB3 | Slave | essun.mariadb3.com | 192.168.1.113 | DB1的從庫 |
| Centos6.5x86_64 | Monitor | Monitor | essun.monitor.com | 192.168.1.116 | 監控所有主機 |
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虛擬ip(VIP)
DB1 ? ?192.168.1.109 ?`192.168.1.24
DB2 ? ?192.168.1.112 ? ?192.168.1.24,192.168.1.22
DB3 ? ?192.168.1.113 ? ?192.168.1.23
三、拓撲圖
四、實現過程
1、配置DB1
修改配置文件/etc/my.cnf,添加如下語句
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 | server-id=1 log_bin=/mariadb/data/mysql-bin binlog_format=row log-slave-updates sync_binlog=1 auto_increment_increment=2 auto_increment_offset=1 |
授權用戶
| 1 2 3 4 | MariaDB [(none)]>?grant?replication slave,replication client?on?*.*?to?'repluser'@'192.168.1.112'?identified?by?'replpass'; Query OK, 0?rows?affected (0.12 sec) MariaDB [(none)]>?grant?replication slave,replication client?on?*.*?to?'repluser'@'192.168.1.113'?identified?by?'replpass'; Query OK, 0?rows?affected (0.00 sec) |
查看binlog日志標記
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 | MariaDB [(none)]> show master status; +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | File???????????? | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | mysql-bin.000003 |????? 756 |????????????? |????????????????? | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ 1 row?in?set?(0.00 sec) |
2、配置DB2
修改配置文件/etc/my.cnf,添加如下語句
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 | log-bin=mysql-bin binlog_format=ROW log-slave-updates sync_binlog=1 auto_increment_increment=2 auto_increment_offset=2 server-id=2 |
授權用戶
| 1 2 | MariaDB [(none)]>?grant?replication slave,replication client?on?*.*?to?'repluser'@'192.168.1.109'?identified?by?'replpass'; Query OK, 0?rows?affected (0.15 sec) |
查看binlog日志標記
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 | MariaDB [(none)]> show master status; +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | File???????????? | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | mysql-bin.000007 |????? 548 |????????????? |????????????????? | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ 1 row?in?set?(0.00 sec) |
連接DB1
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 | MariaDB [(none)]> change master?to?master_host='192.168.1.109',master_user='repluser',master_password='replpass',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000003',master_log_pos=756; Query OK, 0?rows?affected (0.06 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> start slave; Query OK, 0?rows?affected (0.06 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G *************************** 1. row *************************** ???????????????Slave_IO_State: Waiting?for?master?to?send event ??????????????????Master_Host: 192.168.1.109 ??????????????????Master_User: repluser ??????????????????Master_Port: 3306 ????????????????Connect_Retry: 60 ??????????????Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003 ??????????Read_Master_Log_Pos: 756 ???????????????Relay_Log_File: essun-relay-bin.000002 ????????????????Relay_Log_Pos: 535 ????????Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003 ?????????????Slave_IO_Running: Yes ????????????Slave_SQL_Running: Yes ??????????????Replicate_Do_DB: ??????????Replicate_Ignore_DB: ???????????Replicate_Do_Table: ???????Replicate_Ignore_Table: ??????Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: ??Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: ???????????????????Last_Errno: 0 ???????????????????Last_Error: ?????????????????Skip_Counter: 0 ??????????Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 756 ??????????????Relay_Log_Space: 832 ??????????????Until_Condition: None ???????????????Until_Log_File: ????????????????Until_Log_Pos: 0 ???????????Master_SSL_Allowed: Yes ???????????Master_SSL_CA_File: /etc/slave/cacert.pem ???????????Master_SSL_CA_Path: ??????????????Master_SSL_Cert: /etc/slave/mysql.crt ????????????Master_SSL_Cipher: ???????????????Master_SSL_Key: /etc/slave/mysql.key ????????Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert:?No ????????????????Last_IO_Errno: 0 ????????????????Last_IO_Error: ???????????????Last_SQL_Errno: 0 ???????????????Last_SQL_Error: ??Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: ?????????????Master_Server_Id: 1 ???????????????Master_SSL_Crl: /etc/slave/cacert.pem ???????????Master_SSL_Crlpath: ???????????????????Using_Gtid:?No ??????????????????Gtid_IO_Pos: 1 row?in?set?(0.00 sec) |
3、配置DB3
修改配置文件/etc/my.cnf添加如下語句
| 1 2 3 4 | server-id=3 log-bin=mysql-bin log-slave-updates relay-log=relay-log-bin |
連接DB1
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 | MariaDB [(none)]> change master?to?master_host='192.168.1.109',master_user='repluser',master_password='replpass',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000003',master_log_pos=756; Query OK, 0?rows?affected (0.03 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> start slave; Query OK, 0?rows?affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G *************************** 1. row *************************** ???????????????Slave_IO_State: Waiting?for?master?to?send event ??????????????????Master_Host: 192.168.1.109 ??????????????????Master_User: repluser ??????????????????Master_Port: 3306 ????????????????Connect_Retry: 60 ??????????????Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003 ??????????Read_Master_Log_Pos: 756 ???????????????Relay_Log_File: relay-log-bin.000002 ????????????????Relay_Log_Pos: 535 ????????Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003 ?????????????Slave_IO_Running: Yes ????????????Slave_SQL_Running: Yes ??????????????Replicate_Do_DB: ??????????Replicate_Ignore_DB: ???????????Replicate_Do_Table: ???????Replicate_Ignore_Table: ??????Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: ??Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: ???????????????????Last_Errno: 0 ???????????????????Last_Error: ?????????????????Skip_Counter: 0 ??????????Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 756 ??????????????Relay_Log_Space: 830 ??????????????Until_Condition: None ???????????????Until_Log_File: ????????????????Until_Log_Pos: 0 ???????????Master_SSL_Allowed: Yes ???????????Master_SSL_CA_File: /etc/slave/cacert.pem ???????????Master_SSL_CA_Path: ??????????????Master_SSL_Cert: /etc/slave/mysql.crt ????????????Master_SSL_Cipher: ???????????????Master_SSL_Key: /etc/slave/mysql.key ????????Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert:?No ????????????????Last_IO_Errno: 0 ????????????????Last_IO_Error: ???????????????Last_SQL_Errno: 0 ???????????????Last_SQL_Error: ??Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: ?????????????Master_Server_Id: 1 ???????????????Master_SSL_Crl: /etc/slave/cacert.pem ???????????Master_SSL_Crlpath: ???????????????????Using_Gtid:?No ??????????????????Gtid_IO_Pos: 1 row?in?set?(0.00 sec) |
DB1連接DB2
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 | MariaDB [(none)]> change master?to?master_host='192.168.1.112',master_user='repluser',master_password='replpass',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000007',master_log_pos=548; Query OK, 0?rows?affected (0.03 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> start slave; Query OK, 0?rows?affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G *************************** 1. row *************************** ???????????????Slave_IO_State: Waiting?for?master?to?send event ??????????????????Master_Host: 192.168.1.112 ??????????????????Master_User: repluser ??????????????????Master_Port: 3306 ????????????????Connect_Retry: 60 ??????????????Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000007 ??????????Read_Master_Log_Pos: 548 ???????????????Relay_Log_File: essun-relay-bin.000002 ????????????????Relay_Log_Pos: 535 ????????Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000007 ?????????????Slave_IO_Running: Yes ????????????Slave_SQL_Running: Yes ??????????????Replicate_Do_DB: ??????????Replicate_Ignore_DB: ???????????Replicate_Do_Table: ???????Replicate_Ignore_Table: ??????Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: ??Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: ???????????????????Last_Errno: 0 ???????????????????Last_Error: ?????????????????Skip_Counter: 0 ??????????Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 548 ??????????????Relay_Log_Space: 832 ??????????????Until_Condition: None ???????????????Until_Log_File: ????????????????Until_Log_Pos: 0 ???????????Master_SSL_Allowed:?No ???????????Master_SSL_CA_File: ???????????Master_SSL_CA_Path: ??????????????Master_SSL_Cert: ????????????Master_SSL_Cipher: ???????????????Master_SSL_Key: ????????Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert:?No ????????????????Last_IO_Errno: 0 ????????????????Last_IO_Error: ???????????????Last_SQL_Errno: 0 ???????????????Last_SQL_Error: ??Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: ?????????????Master_Server_Id: 2 ???????????????Master_SSL_Crl: ???????????Master_SSL_Crlpath: ???????????????????Using_Gtid:?No ??????????????????Gtid_IO_Pos: 1 row?in?set?(0.00 sec) |
4、測試
在DB2中建立一個數據庫testdb
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 | MariaDB [mysql]>?create?database?testdb; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec) MariaDB [mysql]> use testdb; Database?changed MariaDB [testdb]>?create?table?t1 (name?char(40)?not?null,age?int?not?null); Query OK, 0?rows?affected (0.17 sec) MariaDB [testdb]>?insert?t1?values?('king',24); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) |
在DB1中對testdb，插入一條數據
| 1 2 | MariaDB [testdb]>?insert?t1?values?('tom',24); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) |
在DB3中查看結果
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 | MariaDB [(none)]>?select?*?from?testdb.t1; +------+-----+ |?name?| age | +------+-----+ | tom? |? 24 | | king |? 24 | +------+-----+ 2?rows?in?set?(0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> |
5、安裝mysql-mmm-agent
在DB1~3上安裝mysql-mmmo-agent
注：mysql-mmm-agent是在epel源中，所以要下載EPEL源安裝包即可http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/i386/repoview/epel-release.html
下載對應的版本就可以的。
| 1 2 | #rpm -ivh epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm yum -y?install?mysql-mmm-agent |
每一個節點都要安裝
在每一個節點上要給Monitor授權用戶
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 | MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT SUPER, REPLICATION CLIENT, PROCESS ON *.* TO?'mmm_agent'@'192.168.1.116'???IDENTIFIED BY?'123456'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO?'mmm_monitor'@'192.168.1.116'?IDENTIFIED BY?'123456'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO?'repluser'@'192.168.1.116'?IDENTIFIED BY?'replpass'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) |
6、在Monitor節點上要安裝
| 1 | #yum -y install mysql-mmm* |
此包同樣也在epel源中
7、在Monitor端的設置/etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_common.conf
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 | active_master_role????? writer ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? <host default> ????cluster_interface?????? eth0 ????pid_path????????????????/var/run/mysql-mmm/mmm_agentd.pid ????bin_path????????????????/usr/libexec/mysql-mmm/ ????replication_user??????? repluser?#復制用戶 ????replication_password??? replpass?#復制密碼 ????agent_user????????????? mmm_agent?#代理用戶 ????agent_password????????? 123456?#代理用戶的密碼 </host> ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? <host db1> ????ip????? 192.168.1.109 ????mode??? master ????peer??? db2 </host> ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? <host db2> ????ip????? 192.168.1.112 ????mode??? master ????peer??? db1 </host> ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? <host db3> ????ip????? 192.168.1.113 ????mode??? slave </host> ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? <role writer> ????hosts?? db1, db2 ????ips???? 192.168.1.24 ????mode??? exclusive?#排它 </role> ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? <role reader> ????hosts??? db2, db3 ????ips????? 192.168.1.22, 192.168.1.23 ????mode??? balanced?#均衡 </role> |
將此文件分發到各DB1~3中的/etc/mysql-mmm/下
8、每一個DB中都會有mmm_agent的配置文件，編輯mmm_agent.conf
在數據庫服務器上，還有一個mmm_agent.conf需要修改，其內容是：
| 1 2 3 4 5 | include mmm_common.conf # The 'this' variable refers to this server.? Proper operation requires # that 'this' server (db1 by default), as well as all other servers, have the # proper IP addresses set in mmm_common.conf. this db2 |
第一行表示：將之前Monitor中的mmm_common.conf文件載入到此文件中，供此文件中的參數設用。
最后一行標記此主機的角色（引用mmm_common.conf中的host段）在不同的數據庫服務器上要分別改為db1和db3否則代理就會無法啟動。
9、編輯mmm_mon.confg
在Monitor上，修改mmm_mon.conf文件，修改后內容為：
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 | include mmm_common.conf <monitor> ????ip????????????????? 192.168.1.116?#當前monitor主機地址 ????pid_path????????????/var/run/mysql-mmm/mmm_mond.pid ????bin_path????????????/usr/libexec/mysql-mmm ????status_path?????????/var/lib/mysql-mmm/mmm_mond.status ????ping_ips??????????? 192.168.1.109, 192.168.1.112?#真實DB地址 ????auto_set_online???? 10 ????# The kill_host_bin does not exist by default, though the monitor will ????# throw a warning about it missing.? See the section 5.10 "Kill Host ????# Functionality" in the PDF documentation. ????# ????# kill_host_bin???? /usr/libexec/mysql-mmm/monitor/kill_host ????# </monitor> <host default> ????monitor_user??????? mmm_monitor?#監控DB的用戶名 ????monitor_password??? 123456?#密碼 </host> debug 0?#關閉debug功能，如果程序無法監控得到，可以使用debug 1查錯 |
10、啟動MMM
在各DB端啟動mmm-agent
| 1 2 | #/etc/init.d/mysql-mmm-agent start #echo "/etc/init.d/mysql-mmm-agent start" >> /etc/rc.local |
在Monitor端啟動監控程序
| 1 2 3 | #cd /etc/init.d/ # chkconfig mysql-mmm-monitor on # service mysql-mmm-monitor start |
過幾秒鐘，就可以使用mmm_control show查看在線監控端(DB)了
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 | [root@essun ~]# service mysql-mmm-monitor status mmm_mond (pid? 5395) is running... [root@essun ~]# mmm_control show ??db1(192.168.1.109) master/ONLINE. Roles: ??db2(192.168.1.112) master/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.1.22), writer(192.168.1.24) ??db3(192.168.1.113) slave/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.1.23) |
注：可以使用
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 | [root@essun ~]# mmm_control --help Invalid?command?'--help' Valid commands are: ????help????????????????????????????? - show this message ????ping??????????????????????????????-?ping?monitor ????show????????????????????????????? - show status ????checks [<host>|all [<check>|all]] - show checks status ????set_online <host>???????????????? -?set?host <host> online ????set_offline <host>??????????????? -?set?host <host> offline ????mode????????????????????????????? - print current mode. ????set_active??????????????????????? - switch into active mode. ????set_manual??????????????????????? - switch into manual mode. ????set_passive?????????????????????? - switch into passive mode. ????move_role [--force] <role> <host> - move exclusive role <role> to host <host> ????????????????????????????????????????(Only use --force?if?you know what you are doing!) ????set_ip <ip> <host>??????????????? -?set?role with ip <ip> to host <host> |
查看mmm_control的可用參數
11、模擬DB2下線
Monitor當前狀態
讓DB2下線，當前可寫主機是db1,db3
db2沒有下線之前還可以讀寫，當下線之后，可寫的切換到DB1上了，所有讀的都到了db3上了
當DB2重新上線后的情況如下
注：DB1、DB同時只能一有個寫，一個讀！
========================================== Mariadb高可用演示完畢========================
本文轉自 jinlinger 51CTO博客，原文鏈接：http://blog.51cto.com/essun/1403294，如需轉載請自行聯系原作者
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