----本文大綱

• 簡(jiǎn)介

• 資源配置

• 拓?fù)鋱D

• 實(shí)現(xiàn)過(guò)程

  
  

====================

一、簡(jiǎn)介

MMM即Master-Master Replication Manager for MySQL（mysql主主復(fù)制管理器）關(guān)于mysql主主復(fù)制配置的監(jiān)控、故障轉(zhuǎn)移和管理的一套可伸縮的腳本套件（在任何時(shí)候只有一個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)可以被寫(xiě)入），這個(gè)套件也能對(duì)居于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的主從配置的任意數(shù)量的從服務(wù)器進(jìn)行讀負(fù)載均衡，所以你可以用它來(lái)在一組居于復(fù)制的服務(wù)器啟動(dòng)虛擬ip，除此之外，它還有實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)備份、節(jié)點(diǎn)之間重新同步功能的腳本。MySQL本身沒(méi)有提供replication failover的解決方案，通過(guò)MMM方案能實(shí)現(xiàn)服務(wù)器的故障轉(zhuǎn)移，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)mysql的高可用。MMM不僅能提供浮動(dòng)IP的功能，更可貴的是如果當(dāng)前的主服務(wù)器掛掉后，會(huì)將你后端的從服務(wù)器自動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)向新的主服務(wù)器進(jìn)行同步復(fù)制，不用手工更改同步配置。這個(gè)方案是目前比較成熟的解決方案。

方案優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)

優(yōu)點(diǎn)：安全性、穩(wěn)定性高，可擴(kuò)展性好，高可用，當(dāng)主服務(wù)器掛掉以后，另一個(gè)主立即接管，其他的從服務(wù)器能自動(dòng)切換，不用人工干預(yù)。

缺點(diǎn)：至少三個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)，對(duì)主機(jī)的數(shù)量有要求，需要實(shí)現(xiàn)讀寫(xiě)分離，對(duì)程序來(lái)說(shuō)是個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)。

二、資源配置

• 主機(jī)屬性

系統(tǒng)	名字	角色	主機(jī)名	ip地址	關(guān)系
Centos6.5x86_64	DB1	Master	essun.mariadb1.com	192.168.1.109	與DB2互為主從
Centos6.5x86_64	DB2	Master	essun.mariadb2.com	192.168.1.112	與DB1互為主從
Centos6.5x86_64	DB3	Slave	essun.mariadb3.com	192.168.1.113	DB1的從庫(kù)
Centos6.5x86_64	Monitor	Monitor	essun.monitor.com	192.168.1.116	監(jiān)控所有主機(jī)

• 虛擬ip(VIP)

DB1 ? ?192.168.1.109 ?`192.168.1.24

DB2 ? ?192.168.1.112 ? ?192.168.1.24,192.168.1.22

DB3 ? ?192.168.1.113 ? ?192.168.1.23

三、拓?fù)鋱D

四、實(shí)現(xiàn)過(guò)程

1、配置DB1

修改配置文件/etc/my.cnf,添加如下語(yǔ)句

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

server-id=1 log_bin=/mariadb/data/mysql-bin binlog_format=row log-slave-updates sync_binlog=1 auto_increment_increment=2 auto_increment_offset=1

授權(quán)用戶

1 2 3 4

MariaDB [(none)]>?grant?replication slave,replication client?on?*.*?to?'repluser'@'192.168.1.112'?identified?by?'replpass'; Query OK, 0?rows?affected (0.12 sec) MariaDB [(none)]>?grant?replication slave,replication client?on?*.*?to?'repluser'@'192.168.1.113'?identified?by?'replpass'; Query OK, 0?rows?affected (0.00 sec)

查看binlog日志標(biāo)記

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

MariaDB [(none)]> show master status; +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | File???????????? | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | mysql-bin.000003 |????? 756 |????????????? |????????????????? | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ 1 row?in?set?(0.00 sec)

2、配置DB2

修改配置文件/etc/my.cnf,添加如下語(yǔ)句

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

log-bin=mysql-bin binlog_format=ROW log-slave-updates sync_binlog=1 auto_increment_increment=2 auto_increment_offset=2 server-id=2

授權(quán)用戶

1 2	MariaDB [(none)]>?grant?replication slave,replication client?on?*.*?to?'repluser'@'192.168.1.109'?identified?by?'replpass'; Query OK, 0?rows?affected (0.15 sec)

查看binlog日志標(biāo)記

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

MariaDB [(none)]> show master status; +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | File???????????? | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | mysql-bin.000007 |????? 548 |????????????? |????????????????? | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ 1 row?in?set?(0.00 sec)

連接DB1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51

MariaDB [(none)]> change master?to?master_host='192.168.1.109',master_user='repluser',master_password='replpass',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000003',master_log_pos=756; Query OK, 0?rows?affected (0.06 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> start slave; Query OK, 0?rows?affected (0.06 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G *************************** 1. row *************************** ???????????????Slave_IO_State: Waiting?for?master?to?send event ??????????????????Master_Host: 192.168.1.109 ??????????????????Master_User: repluser ??????????????????Master_Port: 3306 ????????????????Connect_Retry: 60 ??????????????Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003 ??????????Read_Master_Log_Pos: 756 ???????????????Relay_Log_File: essun-relay-bin.000002 ????????????????Relay_Log_Pos: 535 ????????Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003 ?????????????Slave_IO_Running: Yes ????????????Slave_SQL_Running: Yes ??????????????Replicate_Do_DB: ??????????Replicate_Ignore_DB: ???????????Replicate_Do_Table: ???????Replicate_Ignore_Table: ??????Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: ??Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: ???????????????????Last_Errno: 0 ???????????????????Last_Error: ?????????????????Skip_Counter: 0 ??????????Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 756 ??????????????Relay_Log_Space: 832 ??????????????Until_Condition: None ???????????????Until_Log_File: ????????????????Until_Log_Pos: 0 ???????????Master_SSL_Allowed: Yes ???????????Master_SSL_CA_File: /etc/slave/cacert.pem ???????????Master_SSL_CA_Path: ??????????????Master_SSL_Cert: /etc/slave/mysql.crt ????????????Master_SSL_Cipher: ???????????????Master_SSL_Key: /etc/slave/mysql.key ????????Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert:?No ????????????????Last_IO_Errno: 0 ????????????????Last_IO_Error: ???????????????Last_SQL_Errno: 0 ???????????????Last_SQL_Error: ??Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: ?????????????Master_Server_Id: 1 ???????????????Master_SSL_Crl: /etc/slave/cacert.pem ???????????Master_SSL_Crlpath: ???????????????????Using_Gtid:?No ??????????????????Gtid_IO_Pos: 1 row?in?set?(0.00 sec)

3、配置DB3

修改配置文件/etc/my.cnf添加如下語(yǔ)句

1 2 3 4

server-id=3 log-bin=mysql-bin log-slave-updates relay-log=relay-log-bin

連接DB1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51

MariaDB [(none)]> change master?to?master_host='192.168.1.109',master_user='repluser',master_password='replpass',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000003',master_log_pos=756; Query OK, 0?rows?affected (0.03 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> start slave; Query OK, 0?rows?affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G *************************** 1. row *************************** ???????????????Slave_IO_State: Waiting?for?master?to?send event ??????????????????Master_Host: 192.168.1.109 ??????????????????Master_User: repluser ??????????????????Master_Port: 3306 ????????????????Connect_Retry: 60 ??????????????Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003 ??????????Read_Master_Log_Pos: 756 ???????????????Relay_Log_File: relay-log-bin.000002 ????????????????Relay_Log_Pos: 535 ????????Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003 ?????????????Slave_IO_Running: Yes ????????????Slave_SQL_Running: Yes ??????????????Replicate_Do_DB: ??????????Replicate_Ignore_DB: ???????????Replicate_Do_Table: ???????Replicate_Ignore_Table: ??????Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: ??Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: ???????????????????Last_Errno: 0 ???????????????????Last_Error: ?????????????????Skip_Counter: 0 ??????????Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 756 ??????????????Relay_Log_Space: 830 ??????????????Until_Condition: None ???????????????Until_Log_File: ????????????????Until_Log_Pos: 0 ???????????Master_SSL_Allowed: Yes ???????????Master_SSL_CA_File: /etc/slave/cacert.pem ???????????Master_SSL_CA_Path: ??????????????Master_SSL_Cert: /etc/slave/mysql.crt ????????????Master_SSL_Cipher: ???????????????Master_SSL_Key: /etc/slave/mysql.key ????????Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert:?No ????????????????Last_IO_Errno: 0 ????????????????Last_IO_Error: ???????????????Last_SQL_Errno: 0 ???????????????Last_SQL_Error: ??Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: ?????????????Master_Server_Id: 1 ???????????????Master_SSL_Crl: /etc/slave/cacert.pem ???????????Master_SSL_Crlpath: ???????????????????Using_Gtid:?No ??????????????????Gtid_IO_Pos: 1 row?in?set?(0.00 sec)

DB1連接DB2

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51

MariaDB [(none)]> change master?to?master_host='192.168.1.112',master_user='repluser',master_password='replpass',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000007',master_log_pos=548; Query OK, 0?rows?affected (0.03 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> start slave; Query OK, 0?rows?affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G *************************** 1. row *************************** ???????????????Slave_IO_State: Waiting?for?master?to?send event ??????????????????Master_Host: 192.168.1.112 ??????????????????Master_User: repluser ??????????????????Master_Port: 3306 ????????????????Connect_Retry: 60 ??????????????Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000007 ??????????Read_Master_Log_Pos: 548 ???????????????Relay_Log_File: essun-relay-bin.000002 ????????????????Relay_Log_Pos: 535 ????????Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000007 ?????????????Slave_IO_Running: Yes ????????????Slave_SQL_Running: Yes ??????????????Replicate_Do_DB: ??????????Replicate_Ignore_DB: ???????????Replicate_Do_Table: ???????Replicate_Ignore_Table: ??????Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: ??Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: ???????????????????Last_Errno: 0 ???????????????????Last_Error: ?????????????????Skip_Counter: 0 ??????????Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 548 ??????????????Relay_Log_Space: 832 ??????????????Until_Condition: None ???????????????Until_Log_File: ????????????????Until_Log_Pos: 0 ???????????Master_SSL_Allowed:?No ???????????Master_SSL_CA_File: ???????????Master_SSL_CA_Path: ??????????????Master_SSL_Cert: ????????????Master_SSL_Cipher: ???????????????Master_SSL_Key: ????????Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert:?No ????????????????Last_IO_Errno: 0 ????????????????Last_IO_Error: ???????????????Last_SQL_Errno: 0 ???????????????Last_SQL_Error: ??Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: ?????????????Master_Server_Id: 2 ???????????????Master_SSL_Crl: ???????????Master_SSL_Crlpath: ???????????????????Using_Gtid:?No ??????????????????Gtid_IO_Pos: 1 row?in?set?(0.00 sec)

4、測(cè)試

在DB2中建立一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)testdb

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

MariaDB [mysql]>?create?database?testdb; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec) MariaDB [mysql]> use testdb; Database?changed MariaDB [testdb]>?create?table?t1 (name?char(40)?not?null,age?int?not?null); Query OK, 0?rows?affected (0.17 sec) MariaDB [testdb]>?insert?t1?values?('king',24); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

在DB1中對(duì)testdb，插入一條數(shù)據(jù)

1 2	MariaDB [testdb]>?insert?t1?values?('tom',24); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

在DB3中查看結(jié)果

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

MariaDB [(none)]>?select?*?from?testdb.t1; +------+-----+ |?name?| age | +------+-----+ | tom? |? 24 | | king |? 24 | +------+-----+ 2?rows?in?set?(0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]>

OK！三臺(tái)DB的主從配置正常工作

5、安裝mysql-mmm-agent

在DB1~3上安裝mysql-mmmo-agent

注：mysql-mmm-agent是在epel源中，所以要下載EPEL源安裝包即可http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/i386/repoview/epel-release.html

下載對(duì)應(yīng)的版本就可以的。

1 2	#rpm -ivh epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm yum -y?install?mysql-mmm-agent

每一個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)都要安裝

在每一個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)上要給Monitor授權(quán)用戶

1 2 3 4 5 6

MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT SUPER, REPLICATION CLIENT, PROCESS ON *.* TO?'mmm_agent'@'192.168.1.116'???IDENTIFIED BY?'123456'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO?'mmm_monitor'@'192.168.1.116'?IDENTIFIED BY?'123456'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO?'repluser'@'192.168.1.116'?IDENTIFIED BY?'replpass'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

6、在Monitor節(jié)點(diǎn)上要安裝

1	#yum -y install mysql-mmm*

此包同樣也在epel源中

7、在Monitor端的設(shè)置/etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_common.conf

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

active_master_role????? writer ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? <host default> ????cluster_interface?????? eth0 ????pid_path????????????????/var/run/mysql-mmm/mmm_agentd.pid ????bin_path????????????????/usr/libexec/mysql-mmm/ ????replication_user??????? repluser?#復(fù)制用戶 ????replication_password??? replpass?#復(fù)制密碼 ????agent_user????????????? mmm_agent?#代理用戶 ????agent_password????????? 123456?#代理用戶的密碼 </host> ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? <host db1> ????ip????? 192.168.1.109 ????mode??? master ????peer??? db2 </host> ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? <host db2> ????ip????? 192.168.1.112 ????mode??? master ????peer??? db1 </host> ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? <host db3> ????ip????? 192.168.1.113 ????mode??? slave </host> ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? <role writer> ????hosts?? db1, db2 ????ips???? 192.168.1.24 ????mode??? exclusive?#排它 </role> ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? <role reader> ????hosts??? db2, db3 ????ips????? 192.168.1.22, 192.168.1.23 ????mode??? balanced?#均衡 </role>

將此文件分發(fā)到各DB1~3中的/etc/mysql-mmm/下

8、每一個(gè)DB中都會(huì)有mmm_agent的配置文件，編輯mmm_agent.conf

在數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)服務(wù)器上，還有一個(gè)mmm_agent.conf需要修改，其內(nèi)容是：

1 2 3 4 5

include mmm_common.conf # The 'this' variable refers to this server.? Proper operation requires # that 'this' server (db1 by default), as well as all other servers, have the # proper IP addresses set in mmm_common.conf. this db2

第一行表示：將之前Monitor中的mmm_common.conf文件載入到此文件中，供此文件中的參數(shù)設(shè)用。

最后一行標(biāo)記此主機(jī)的角色（引用mmm_common.conf中的host段）在不同的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)服務(wù)器上要分別改為db1和db3否則代理就會(huì)無(wú)法啟動(dòng)。

9、編輯mmm_mon.confg

在Monitor上，修改mmm_mon.conf文件，修改后內(nèi)容為：

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

include mmm_common.conf <monitor> ????ip????????????????? 192.168.1.116?#當(dāng)前monitor主機(jī)地址 ????pid_path????????????/var/run/mysql-mmm/mmm_mond.pid ????bin_path????????????/usr/libexec/mysql-mmm ????status_path?????????/var/lib/mysql-mmm/mmm_mond.status ????ping_ips??????????? 192.168.1.109, 192.168.1.112?#真實(shí)DB地址 ????auto_set_online???? 10 ????# The kill_host_bin does not exist by default, though the monitor will ????# throw a warning about it missing.? See the section 5.10 "Kill Host ????# Functionality" in the PDF documentation. ????# ????# kill_host_bin???? /usr/libexec/mysql-mmm/monitor/kill_host ????# </monitor> <host default> ????monitor_user??????? mmm_monitor?#監(jiān)控DB的用戶名 ????monitor_password??? 123456?#密碼 </host> debug 0?#關(guān)閉debug功能，如果程序無(wú)法監(jiān)控得到，可以使用debug 1查錯(cuò)

10、啟動(dòng)MMM

在各DB端啟動(dòng)mmm-agent

1 2	#/etc/init.d/mysql-mmm-agent start #echo "/etc/init.d/mysql-mmm-agent start" >> /etc/rc.local

在Monitor端啟動(dòng)監(jiān)控程序

1 2 3

#cd /etc/init.d/ # chkconfig mysql-mmm-monitor on # service mysql-mmm-monitor start

過(guò)幾秒鐘，就可以使用mmm_control show查看在線監(jiān)控端(DB)了

1 2 3 4 5 6

[root@essun ~]# service mysql-mmm-monitor status mmm_mond (pid? 5395) is running... [root@essun ~]# mmm_control show ??db1(192.168.1.109) master/ONLINE. Roles: ??db2(192.168.1.112) master/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.1.22), writer(192.168.1.24) ??db3(192.168.1.113) slave/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.1.23)

注：可以使用

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

[root@essun ~]# mmm_control --help Invalid?command?'--help' Valid commands are: ????help????????????????????????????? - show this message ????ping??????????????????????????????-?ping?monitor ????show????????????????????????????? - show status ????checks [<host>|all [<check>|all]] - show checks status ????set_online <host>???????????????? -?set?host <host> online ????set_offline <host>??????????????? -?set?host <host> offline ????mode????????????????????????????? - print current mode. ????set_active??????????????????????? - switch into active mode. ????set_manual??????????????????????? - switch into manual mode. ????set_passive?????????????????????? - switch into passive mode. ????move_role [--force] <role> <host> - move exclusive role <role> to host <host> ????????????????????????????????????????(Only use --force?if?you know what you are doing!) ????set_ip <ip> <host>??????????????? -?set?role with ip <ip> to host <host>

查看mmm_control的可用參數(shù)

11、模擬DB2下線

Monitor當(dāng)前狀態(tài)

讓DB2下線，當(dāng)前可寫(xiě)主機(jī)是db1,db3

db2沒(méi)有下線之前還可以讀寫(xiě)，當(dāng)下線之后，可寫(xiě)的切換到DB1上了，所有讀的都到了db3上了

當(dāng)DB2重新上線后的情況如下

注：DB1、DB同時(shí)只能一有個(gè)寫(xiě)，一個(gè)讀！

========================================== Mariadb高可用演示完畢========================

本文轉(zhuǎn)自 jinlinger 51CTO博客，原文鏈接：http://blog.51cto.com/essun/1403294，如需轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)自行聯(lián)系原作者

總結(jié)

以上是生活随笔為你收集整理的基于Multi Master MySQL(MMM)实现Mariadb10读写分离的全部?jī)?nèi)容，希望文章能夠幫你解決所遇到的問(wèn)題。

如果覺(jué)得生活随笔網(wǎng)站內(nèi)容還不錯(cuò)，歡迎將生活随笔推薦給好友。