Oracle 备份还原数据库练习.
第一步：確認數據庫運行在歸檔模式。
檢查：
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode??? ?????? No Archive Mode
Automatic archival??? ?????? Disabled
Archive destination??? ?????? USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Oldest online log sequence???? 4
Current log sequence??? ?????? 5
關閉數據庫，運行在mount模式
SQL> shutdown immediate;
SQL> startup mount;
SQL> alter database archivelog;
將配置寫入spfile
SQL> alter system set log_archive_start=true scope=spfile;
重啟數據庫 運行在open模式
SQL> shutdown immediate;
SQL> startup;
重新檢查：已經運行在歸檔模式。
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode??? ?????? Archive Mode
Automatic archival??? ?????? Enabled
Archive destination??? ?????? USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Oldest online log sequence???? 4
Next log sequence to archive?? 5
Current log sequence??? ?????? 5
第二步：備份數據庫
運行rman：
[gateman@~]$ rman target /
將下面語句copy入終端運行：寫成腳本都得，注意紅色path的寫權限
run
{allocate channel d1 type disk;
backup as compressed backupset incremental level = 0
format '/home/gateman/Public/db_bak/db_%d_%s_%p_%t_%T' database;
sql 'alter system archive log current';
release channel d1;
}
如果無error的話， 去該path睇下有無備份出來的備份文件。 備份時我部機卡到阿媽都唔認得
[gateman@Public]$ cd db_bak/
[gateman@db_bak]$ ls -l
total 173820
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 176889856 Jul 22 23:07 db_XE_3_1_789346754_20120722
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba?? 1097728 Jul 22 23:07 db_XE_4_1_789347261_20120722
第三步：一些檢驗（非必要）
查看當前的數據文件：
RMAN> report schema;
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
Report of database schema for database with db_unique_name XE
List of Permanent Datafiles
===========================
File Size(MB) Tablespace?????????? RB segs Datafile Name
---- -------- -------------------- ------- ------------------------
1??? 360????? SYSTEM?????????????? ***???? /u01/app/oracle/oradata/XE/system.dbf
2??? 640????? SYSAUX?????????????? ***???? /u01/app/oracle/oradata/XE/sysaux.dbf
3??? 25?????? UNDOTBS1???????????? ***???? /u01/app/oracle/oradata/XE/undotbs1.dbf
4??? 100????? USERS??????????????? ***???? /u01/app/oracle/oradata/XE/users.dbf
List of Temporary Files
=======================
File Size(MB) Tablespace?????????? Maxsize(MB) Tempfile Name
---- -------- -------------------- ----------- --------------------
1??? 20?????? TEMP???????????????? 32767?????? /u01/app/oracle/oradata/XE/temp.dbf
查看歸檔日志：
RMAN> list copy of archivelog all;
List of Archived Log Copies for database with db_unique_name XE
=====================================================================
Key???? Thrd Seq???? S Low Time
------- ---- ------- - ---------
1?????? 1??? 5?????? A 17-JUL-12
??????? Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/XE/archivelog/2012_07_22/o1_mf_1_5_80r5tngg_.arc
2?????? 1??? 6?????? A 22-JUL-12
??????? Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/XE/archivelog/2012_07_22/o1_mf_1_6_80r7q4y8_.arc
查看還原預覽： 可以見到關鍵信息
RMAN> restore database preview;
Starting restore at 22-JUL-12
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=51 device type=DISK
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key? Type LV Size?????? Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
1?????? Incr 0? 168.69M??? DISK??????? 00:08:23???? 22-JUL-12?????
??????? BP Key: 1?? Status: AVAILABLE? Compressed: YES? Tag: TAG20120722T225914
??????? Piece Name: /home/gateman/Public/db_bak/db_XE_3_1_789346754_20120722
? List of Datafiles in backup set 1
? File LV Type Ckp SCN??? Ckp Time? Name
? ---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----
? 1??? 0? Incr 422228???? 22-JUL-12 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/XE/system.dbf
? 2??? 0? Incr 422228???? 22-JUL-12 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/XE/sysaux.dbf
? 3??? 0? Incr 422228???? 22-JUL-12 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/XE/undotbs1.dbf
? 4??? 0? Incr 422228???? 22-JUL-12 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/XE/users.dbf
using channel ORA_DISK_1
List of Archived Log Copies for database with db_unique_name XE
=====================================================================
Key???? Thrd Seq???? S Low Time
------- ---- ------- - ---------
1?????? 1??? 5?????? A 17-JUL-12
??????? Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/XE/archivelog/2012_07_22/o1_mf_1_5_80r5tngg_.arc
2?????? 1??? 6?????? A 22-JUL-12
??????? Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/XE/archivelog/2012_07_22/o1_mf_1_6_80r7q4y8_.arc
Media recovery start SCN is 422228
Recovery must be done beyond SCN 422228 to clear datafile fuzziness
Finished restore at 22-JUL-12
查看控制文件備份， 可以看到存在于剛才備份出來的文件中
RMAN> list backup of controlfile;
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key? Type LV Size?????? Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
2?????? Incr 0? 1.03M????? DISK??????? 00:00:05???? 22-JUL-12?????
??????? BP Key: 2?? Status: AVAILABLE? Compressed: YES? Tag: TAG20120722T225914
??????? Piece Name: /home/gateman/Public/db_bak/db_XE_4_1_789347261_20120722
? Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 422479?????? Ckp time: 22-JUL-12
RMAN>
查看spfile備份
RMAN> list backup of spfile;
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key? Type LV Size?????? Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
2?????? Incr 0? 1.03M????? DISK??????? 00:00:05???? 22-JUL-12?????
??????? BP Key: 2?? Status: AVAILABLE? Compressed: YES? Tag: TAG20120722T225914
??????? Piece Name: /home/gateman/Public/db_bak/db_XE_4_1_789347261_20120722
? SPFILE Included: Modification time: 22-JUL-12
? SPFILE db_unique_name: XE
第四步：刪除數據庫
你們懂的
RMAN> shutdown immediate;
RMAN> startup mount;
開啟受限模式， 禁止閑雜人等連接。
RMAN> sql 'alter system enable restricted session';
sql statement: alter system enable restricted session
drop 掉數據庫..? spfile control file 數據文件都無曬噶啦。
spfile目錄：pwd
RMAN> drop database;
退出下先
RMAN> exit
第五步：還原數據庫
連接rman
[gateman@~]$ rman target /
nomount模式
RMAN> startup nomount;
startup failed: ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/xe/dbs/initXE.ora'
starting Oracle instance without parameter file for retrieval of spfile
Oracle instance started
Total System Global Area???? 158662656 bytes
Fixed Size???????????????????? 2224592 bytes
Variable Size???????????????? 96472624 bytes
Database Buffers????????????? 54525952 bytes
Redo Buffers?
還原spfile
RMAN> restore spfile from '/home/gateman/Public/db_bak/db_XE_4_1_789347261_20120722'
2> ;
Starting restore at 23-JUL-12
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=135 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring spfile from AUTOBACKUP /home/gateman/Public/db_bak/db_XE_4_1_789347261_20120722
channel ORA_DISK_1: SPFILE restore from AUTOBACKUP complete
Finished restore at 23-JUL-12
還原controlfile 控制文件
RMAN> restore controlfile from '/home/gateman/Public/db_bak/db_XE_4_1_789347261_20120722';
Starting restore at 23-JUL-12
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/xe/dbs/cntrlXE.dbf
Finished restore at 23-JUL-12
注意上面呢個 還原出bug了 叼
下面呢個先系正常的 不然改不了mount模式：話controlfile有問題，? 所以path唔正常的命令執行多一次， controlfile 的path有記錄在spfile中，對比下一唔一致。
RMAN> restore controlfile from '/home/gateman/Public/db_bak/db_XE_4_1_789347261_20120722';
Starting restore at 23-JUL-12
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/XE/control.dbf
Finished restore at 23-JUL-12
改成mount 模式
RMAN> alter database mount;
database mounted
released channel: ORA_DISK_1
check下backup文件
RMAN> crosscheck backup;
Starting implicit crosscheck backup at 23-JUL-12
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=5 device type=DISK
Crosschecked 1 objects
Finished implicit crosscheck backup at 23-JUL-12
Starting implicit crosscheck copy at 23-JUL-12
using channel ORA_DISK_1
Finished implicit crosscheck copy at 23-JUL-12
searching for all files in the recovery area
cataloging files...
cataloging done
List of Cataloged Files
=======================
File Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/XE/archivelog/2012_07_22/o1_mf_1_6_80r7q4y8_.arc
File Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/XE/archivelog/2012_07_22/o1_mf_1_5_80r5tngg_.arc
using channel ORA_DISK_1
crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'AVAILABLE'
backup piece handle=/home/gateman/Public/db_bak/db_XE_3_1_789346754_20120722 RECID=1 STAMP=789346754
Crosschecked 1 objects
再check下預覽 因為恢復了controlfile 預覽應該會正常。
RMAN> restore database preview;
開始真正還原數據文件
RMAN> restore database;
Starting restore at 23-JUL-12
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00001 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/XE/system.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00002 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/XE/sysaux.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00003 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/XE/undotbs1.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00004 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/XE/users.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /home/gateman/Public/db_bak/db_XE_3_1_789346754_20120722
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/home/gateman/Public/db_bak/db_XE_3_1_789346754_20120722 tag=TAG20120722T225914
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:01:45
Finished restore at 23-JUL-12
貌似成功了
第六步：檢驗完整性
有問題
RMAN> alter database open resetlogs;
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of alter db command at 07/23/2012 00:57:12
ORA-01152: file 1 was not restored from a sufficiently old backup
ORA-01110: data file 1: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/XE/system.dbf'
recover 雖然報錯話找不到歸檔日志， 因為drop database 時被刪除了。 但是 執行這個命令后就可以open
RMAN> recover database;
Starting recover at 23-JUL-12
using channel ORA_DISK_1
starting media recovery
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 5 is already on disk as file /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/XE/archivelog/2012_07_22/o1_mf_1_5_80r5tngg_.arc
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 6 is already on disk as file /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/XE/archivelog/2012_07_22/o1_mf_1_6_80r7q4y8_.arc
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/XE/archivelog/2012_07_22/o1_mf_1_5_80r5tngg_.arc thread=1 sequence=5
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/XE/archivelog/2012_07_22/o1_mf_1_6_80r7q4y8_.arc thread=1 sequence=6
unable to find archived log
archived log thread=1 sequence=7
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of recover command at 07/23/2012 00:57:50
RMAN-06054: media recovery requesting unknown archived log for thread 1 with sequence 7 and starting SCN of 442570
呢次終于可以open了
RMAN> alter database open resetlogs;
database opened
最后， 禁止返受限模式，其他人又可以連接了
RMAN> sql 'alter system disable restricted session';
sql statement: alter system disable restricted session
總結
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