Cookie对象知识总结
Cookie對象
Cookie特點
?Cookie 使用字符串存儲數據
?Cookie 使用 Key 與 Value 結構存儲數據
?單個 Cookie 存儲數據大小限制在 4097 個字節
?Cookie 存儲的數據中不支持中文,Servlet4.0 中支持
?Cookie 是與域名綁定所以不支持跨一級域名訪問
?Cookie 對象保存在客戶端瀏覽器或系統磁盤中
?Cookie 分為持久化 Cooke 與狀態 Cookie
?瀏覽器在保存同一域名所返回 Cookie 的數量是有限的。不同瀏覽器支持的數量不同,得到一個枚舉類型Chrome 瀏覽器為 50 個
?瀏覽器每次請求時都會把與當前訪問的域名相關的 Cookie 在請求中提交到服務端。
cookie對象的使用
創建cookie對象
(包含解決中文亂碼問題、將狀態cookie轉為持久化cookie)
1.通過new關鍵字創建cookie對象;
Cookie cookie = new Cookie(“key”,”value”);
2.通過HttpServletResponse對象將cookie寫回給客戶瀏覽器;
Response.addCookie(cookie);
案例:創建Cookie對象,并將其寫回給客戶端瀏覽器;
package com.bjsxt.servlet;import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.http.Cookie; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.PrintWriter; import java.net.URLEncoder;/*** 創建cookie對象* */ public class CreateCookieServlet extends HttpServlet {@Overrideprotected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {this.doPost(req, resp);}@Overrideprotected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { // 創建Cookie對象; // Cookie cookie = new Cookie("key","key的值"); // servlet4.0版本以前不支持中文,可以用以下方法進行處理;Cookie cookie = new Cookie("key", URLEncoder.encode("key的值","utf-8")); // 設置Cookie的失效時間,一旦設置了失效時間,該cookie為持久化cookiecookie.setMaxAge(60);resp.addCookie(cookie);PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();out.println("<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC '-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN'>");out.println("<HTML>");out.println("<HEAD><TITLE> ITBZ </TITLE></HEAD>");out.println("<BODY>");out.println("Creat Cookie <br/>");out.println("</BODY>");out.println("</HTML>");out.flush();out.close();} }Xml配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"version="4.0"> <servlet><servlet-name>creatCookieServlet</servlet-name><servlet-class>com.bjsxt.servlet.CreateCookieServlet</servlet-class></servlet><servlet-mapping><servlet-name>creatCookieServlet</servlet-name><url-pattern>/creat.do</url-pattern></servlet-mapping> </web-app>在控制臺(application中)會找到cookie對應的key以及value;
獲取cookie中的數據;
通過HttpServletResponse對象獲得cookie,返回cookie數組;
Cookie[] cookie = response.getCookie();
案例:獲取cookie中的數據,并在客戶瀏覽器上響應;
package com.bjsxt.servlet;import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.http.Cookie; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.PrintWriter; import java.net.URLDecoder;/*** 獲取cookie中的數據;* */ public class GetCookieDataServlet extends HttpServlet {@Overrideprotected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {this.doPut(req, resp);}@Overrideprotected void doPut(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { // 在請求中獲取cookie對象Cookie[] cookies = req.getCookies();resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();out.println("<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC '-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN'>");out.println("<HTML>");out.println("<HEAD><TITLE> ITBZ </TITLE></HEAD>");out.println("<BODY>");for(int i=0;i<cookies.length;i++){Cookie cookie = cookies[i]; // out.println("Name:"+cookie.getName()+"\t"+"value:"+cookie.getValue()+"<br/>");out.println("Name:"+cookie.getName()+"\t"+"value:"+URLDecoder.decode(cookie.getValue(),"utf-8")+"<br/>");}out.println("</BODY>");out.println("</HTML>");out.flush();out.close();} }Xml配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"version="4.0"> <servlet><servlet-name>getCookieDataServlet</servlet-name><servlet-class>com.bjsxt.servlet.GetCookieDataServlet</servlet-class></servlet><servlet-mapping><servlet-name>getCookieDataServlet</servlet-name><url-pattern>/getData.do</url-pattern></servlet-mapping> </web-app>Cookie總結
Cookie存儲數據是基于明文的方式進行存儲,所以安全性很低,不要在cookie中存放敏感數據;在數據存儲是,雖然servlet4.0支持中文,但建議對cookie中存放的內容進行編碼處理,這樣也可以提高安全性;
總結
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