前言：在學(xué)習(xí)mysql備份的時(shí)候，深深的感受到mysql的備份還原功能沒有oracle強(qiáng)大；比如一個(gè)很常見的恢復(fù)場景：基于時(shí)間點(diǎn)的恢復(fù)，oracle通過rman工具就能夠很快的實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)庫的恢復(fù)，但是mysql在進(jìn)行不完全恢復(fù)的時(shí)候很大的一部分要依賴于mysqlbinlog這個(gè)工具運(yùn)行binlog語句來實(shí)現(xiàn)，本文檔介紹通過mysqlbinlog實(shí)現(xiàn)各種場景的恢復(fù)； 一、測試環(huán)境說明：使用mysqlbinlog工具的前提需要一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫的完整性備份，所以需要事先對數(shù)據(jù)庫做一個(gè)完整的備份，本文檔通過mysqlbackup進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)庫的全備 　二、測試步驟說明： 數(shù)據(jù)庫的插入準(zhǔn)備工作 2.1 在時(shí)間點(diǎn)A進(jìn)行一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫的完整備份； 2.2 在時(shí)間點(diǎn)B創(chuàng)建一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫BKT,并在BKT下面創(chuàng)建一個(gè)表JOHN，并插入5條數(shù)據(jù)； 2.3 在時(shí)間點(diǎn)C往表JOHN繼續(xù)插入數(shù)據(jù)到10條； 數(shù)據(jù)庫的恢復(fù)工作 2.4 恢復(fù)數(shù)據(jù)庫到時(shí)間點(diǎn)A,然后檢查數(shù)據(jù)庫表的狀態(tài)； 2.5 恢復(fù)數(shù)據(jù)庫到時(shí)間點(diǎn)B,檢查相應(yīng)的系統(tǒng)狀態(tài)； 2.6 恢復(fù)數(shù)據(jù)庫到時(shí)間點(diǎn)C，并檢查恢復(fù)的狀態(tài)； 三、場景模擬測試步驟（備份恢復(fù)是一件很重要的事情） 3.1 執(zhí)行數(shù)據(jù)庫的全備份； [root@mysql01 backup]# mysqlbackup --user=root --password --backup-dir=/backup backup-and-apply-log //運(yùn)行數(shù)據(jù)庫的完整備份 3.2 創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫、表并插入數(shù)據(jù)

mysql> SELECT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP; +---------------------+ | CURRENT_TIMESTAMP | +---------------------+ | 2014-11-26 17:51:27 | +---------------------+ 1 row in set (0.01 sec) mysql> show databases; //尚未創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫BKT +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | john | | mysql | | performance_schema | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.03 sec) mysql> Ctrl-C -- Aborted [root@mysql02 data]# mysql -uroot -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \\g. Your MySQL connection id is 2 Server version: 5.5.36-log Source distribution Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type \'help;\' or \'\\h\' for help. Type \'\\c\' to clear the current input statement. mysql> show master status; +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | mysql-bin.000001 | 107 | | | //當(dāng)前數(shù)據(jù)庫log的pos狀態(tài) +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> SELECT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP; //當(dāng)前的時(shí)間戳 當(dāng)前時(shí)間點(diǎn)A +---------------------+ | CURRENT_TIMESTAMP | +---------------------+ | 2014-11-26 17:54:12 | +---------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> create database BKT; //創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫BKT Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) mysql> create table john (id varchar(32)); ERROR 1046 (3D000): No database selected mysql> use bkt; ERROR 1049 (42000): Unknown database \'bkt\' mysql> use BKT; Database changed mysql> create table john (id varchar(32)); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec) mysql> insert into john values(\'1\'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) mysql> insert into john values(\'2\'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) mysql> insert into john values(\'3\'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> insert into john values(\'4\'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) mysql> insert into john values(\'5\'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) mysql> SELECT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP; //插入5條數(shù)據(jù)后數(shù)據(jù)庫的時(shí)間點(diǎn)B，記錄該點(diǎn)便于數(shù)據(jù)庫的恢復(fù) +---------------------+ | CURRENT_TIMESTAMP | +---------------------+ | 2014-11-26 17:55:53 | +---------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> show master status; +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | mysql-bin.000001 | 1204 | | | //當(dāng)前binlog的pos位置 +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

3.3 設(shè)置時(shí)間點(diǎn)C的測試

mysql> insert into john values(\'6\'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec) mysql> insert into john values(\'7\'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) mysql> insert into john values(\'8\'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) mysql> insert into john values(\'9\'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) mysql> insert into john values(\'10\'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec) mysql> show master status; +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | mysql-bin.000001 | 2125 | | | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> SELECT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP; +---------------------+ | CURRENT_TIMESTAMP | +---------------------+ | 2014-11-26 17:58:08 | +---------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

3.4 以上的操作完成之后，便可以執(zhí)行數(shù)據(jù)庫的恢復(fù)測試

[root@mysql02 data]# mysqlbackup --defaults-file=/backup/server-my.cnf --datadir=/data/mysql --backup-dir=/backup/ copy-back MySQL Enterprise Backup version 3.11.0 Linux-3.8.13-16.2.1.el6uek.x86_64-x86_64 [2014/08/26] Copyright (c) 2003, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. mysqlbackup: INFO: Starting with following command line ... mysqlbackup --defaults-file=/backup/server-my.cnf --datadir=/data/mysql --backup-dir=/backup/ copy-back mysqlbackup: INFO: IMPORTANT: Please check that mysqlbackup run completes successfully. At the end of a successful \'copy-back\' run mysqlbackup prints \"mysqlbackup completed OK!\". 141126 17:59:58 mysqlbackup: INFO: MEB logfile created at /backup/meta/MEB_2014-11-26.17-59-58_copy_back.log -------------------------------------------------------------------- Server Repository Options: -------------------------------------------------------------------- datadir = /data/mysql innodb_data_home_dir = /data/mysql innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend innodb_log_group_home_dir = /data/mysql/ innodb_log_files_in_group = 2 innodb_log_file_size = 5242880 innodb_page_size = Null innodb_checksum_algorithm = none -------------------------------------------------------------------- Backup Config Options: -------------------------------------------------------------------- datadir = /backup/datadir innodb_data_home_dir = /backup/datadir innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend innodb_log_group_home_dir = /backup/datadir innodb_log_files_in_group = 2 innodb_log_file_size = 5242880 innodb_page_size = 16384 innodb_checksum_algorithm = none mysqlbackup: INFO: Creating 14 buffers each of size 16777216. 141126 17:59:58 mysqlbackup: INFO: Copy-back operation starts with following threads 1 read-threads 1 write-threads mysqlbackup: INFO: Could not find binlog index file. If this is online backup then server may not have started with --log-bin. Hence, binlogs will not be copied for this backup. Point-In-Time-Recovery will not be possible. 141126 17:59:58 mysqlbackup: INFO: Copying /backup/datadir/ibdata1. mysqlbackup: Progress in MB: 200 400 600 141126 18:00:22 mysqlbackup: INFO: Copying the database directory \'john\' 141126 18:00:23 mysqlbackup: INFO: Copying the database directory \'mysql\' 141126 18:00:23 mysqlbackup: INFO: Copying the database directory \'performance_schema\' 141126 18:00:23 mysqlbackup: INFO: Completing the copy of all non-innodb files. 141126 18:00:23 mysqlbackup: INFO: Copying the log file \'ib_logfile0\' 141126 18:00:23 mysqlbackup: INFO: Copying the log file \'ib_logfile1\' 141126 18:00:24 mysqlbackup: INFO: Creating server config files server-my.cnf and server-all.cnf in /data/mysql 141126 18:00:24 mysqlbackup: INFO: Copy-back operation completed successfully. 141126 18:00:24 mysqlbackup: INFO: Finished copying backup files to \'/data/mysql\' mysqlbackup completed //數(shù)據(jù)庫恢復(fù)完成

授權(quán)并打開數(shù)據(jù)庫 [root@mysql02 data]# chmod -R 777 mysql //需要授權(quán)后才能打開 [root@mysql02 data]# cd mysql [root@mysql02 mysql]# ll 總用量 733220

-rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 305 11月 26 18:00 backup_variables.txt -rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 740294656 11月 26 18:00 ibdata1 -rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 5242880 11月 26 18:00 ib_logfile0 -rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 5242880 11月 26 18:00 ib_logfile1 drwxrwxrwx. 2 root root 4096 11月 26 18:00 john drwxrwxrwx. 2 root root 4096 11月 26 18:00 mysql drwxrwxrwx. 2 root root 4096 11月 26 18:00 performance_schema -rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 8488 11月 26 18:00 server-all.cnf -rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 1815 11月 26 18:00 server-my.cnf //沒有BKT數(shù)據(jù)庫 [root@mysql02 mysql]# service mysqld start //啟動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù)庫

3.5 進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)庫的恢復(fù)到時(shí)間點(diǎn)B [root@mysql02 mysql2]# pwd //備份的時(shí)候，需要備份binlog日志，之前的binlog目錄為/data/mysql2 /data/mysql2 [root@mysql02 mysql2]# mysqlbinlog --start-position=107 --stop-position=1203 mysql-bin.000001| mysql -uroot -p //根據(jù)post的位置進(jìn)行恢復(fù)，當(dāng)前的pos位置為107，恢復(fù)到pos位置到1203

Enter password: [root@mysql02 mysql2]# mysql -uroot -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \\g. Your MySQL connection id is 3 Server version: 5.5.36-log Source distribution Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type \'help;\' or \'\\h\' for help. Type \'\\c\' to clear the current input statement. mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | BKT | | john | | mysql | | performance_schema | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.02 sec) mysql> use BKT Database changed mysql> show tables; +---------------+ | Tables_in_BKT | +---------------+ | john | +---------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from john; +------+ | id | +------+ | 1 | | 2 | | 3 | | 4 | | 5 | +------+ 5 rows in set (0.01 sec) //查看數(shù)據(jù)庫恢復(fù)成功

3.6 恢復(fù)數(shù)據(jù)庫到時(shí)間點(diǎn)C

[root@mysql02 mysql2]# mysqlbinlog --start-date=\"2014-11-27 09:21:56\" --stop-date=\"2014-11-27 09:22:33\" mysql-bin.000001| mysql -uroot -p123456 //本次通過基于時(shí)間點(diǎn)的恢復(fù)，恢復(fù)到時(shí)間點(diǎn)C Warning: Using unique option prefix start-date instead of start-datetime is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. Please use the full name instead. Warning: Using unique option prefix stop-date instead of stop-datetime is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. Please use the full name instead. [root@mysql02 mysql2]# mysql -uroot -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \\g. Your MySQL connection id is 6 Server version: 5.5.36-log Source distribution Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type \'help;\' or \'\\h\' for help. Type \'\\c\' to clear the current input statement. mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | BKT | | john | | mysql | | performance_schema | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> use BKT Database changed mysql> select * from john; +------+ | id | +------+ | 1 | | 2 | | 3 | | 4 | | 5 | | 6 | | 7 | | 8 | | 9 | | 10 | +------+ 10 rows in set (0.00 sec) //經(jīng)過檢查成功恢復(fù)到時(shí)間點(diǎn)C

　四、mysqlbinlog的其他總結(jié)：以上是利用binlog文件進(jìn)行基于時(shí)間點(diǎn)和binlog的POS位置恢復(fù)的測試，mysqlbinlog的使用還有很多功能，運(yùn)行mysqlbinlog --help可以查看相應(yīng)參數(shù)； 4.1 查看binlog的內(nèi)容：[root@mysql02 mysql2]# mysqlbinlog mysql-bin.000001 4.2 mysqlbinlog的其他常用參數(shù)： -h ?根據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)庫的IP -P ?根據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)庫所占用的端口來分 -server-id 根據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)庫serverid來還原（在集群中很有用） -d ?根據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)庫名稱 例如： [root@mysql02 mysql2]# mysqlbinlog -d BKT mysql-bin.000001 //還原BKT數(shù)據(jù)庫的信息 最新內(nèi)容請見作者的GitHub頁：http://qaseven.github.io/

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