升級到Ubuntu 9.10后，就要接觸grub2了，它和以前的版本有了很多的不同。這里是一個基礎(chǔ)教程。

一、grub2的啟動配置文件grub.cfg

grub2的啟動配置文件grub.cfg 是/boot/grub/grub.cfg，而不是以前的memu.lst。

如果你是多系統(tǒng)，有ubuntu和windows，那么用下面的命令，可以使grub2得到所以可以啟動的系統(tǒng)。

sudo update-grub

實(shí)際就是讓系統(tǒng)自己生成合適的grub.cfg文件。

這個grub.cfg文件是只讀屬性，so如果你要修改它，需要權(quán)限。

sudo chmod +w /boot/grub/grub.cfg

然后可以編輯grub.cfg了。

sudo gedit /boot/grub/grub.cfg

二、默認(rèn)系統(tǒng)和等待時間

1、set default=0

這是說從第一項(xiàng)啟動。每個啟動項(xiàng)都是以menuentry開始，menuentry后面“xxx”是啟動項(xiàng)名稱，然后｛xxx｝是啟動代碼。

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### menuentry “Ubuntu, Linux 2.6.31-14-generic” { recordfail=1 if [ -n ${have_grubenv} ]; then save_env recordfail; fi set quiet=1 insmod ext2 set root=(hd0,6) search –no-floppy –fs-uuid –set 040508ff-fec7-4c66-ba64-a09f8abe8059 linux /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.31-14-generic root=UUID=040508ff-fec7-4c66-ba64-a09f8abe8059 ro ? quiet splash initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.31-14-generic } menuentry “Ubuntu, Linux 2.6.31-14-generic (recovery mode)” { recordfail=1 if [ -n ${have_grubenv} ]; then save_env recordfail; fi insmod ext2 set root=(hd0,6) search –no-floppy –fs-uuid –set 040508ff-fec7-4c66-ba64-a09f8abe8059 linux /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.31-14-generic root=UUID=040508ff-fec7-4c66-ba64-a09f8abe8059 ro single initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.31-14-generic } ### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ### menuentry “Memory test (memtest86+)” { linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin } menuentry “Memory test (memtest86+, serial console 115200)” { linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin console=ttyS0,115200n8 } ### END /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### menuentry “Microsoft Windows XP Home Edition (on /dev/sda1)” { insmod ntfs set root=(hd0,1) search –no-floppy –fs-uuid –set 5c108a1c1089fd70 drivemap -s (hd0) ${root} chainloader +1 } if keystatus; then if keystatus –shift; then set timeout=-1 else set timeout=10 fi else if sleep$verbose –interruptible 3 ; then set timeout=10 fi fi ### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###

menuentry “Ubuntu, Linux 2.6.31-14-generic” {

recordfail=1

if [ -n ${have_grubenv} ]; then save_env recordfail; fi

set quiet=1

insmod ext2

set root=(hd0,6)

search –no-floppy –fs-uuid –set 040508ff-fec7-4c66-ba64-a09f8abe8059

linux /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.31-14-generic root=UUID=040508ff-fec7-4c66-ba64-a09f8abe8059 ro ? quiet splash

initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.31-14-generic

}

menuentry “Ubuntu, Linux 2.6.31-14-generic (recovery mode)” {

recordfail=1

if [ -n ${have_grubenv} ]; then save_env recordfail; fi

insmod ext2

set root=(hd0,6)

search –no-floppy –fs-uuid –set 040508ff-fec7-4c66-ba64-a09f8abe8059

linux /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.31-14-generic root=UUID=040508ff-fec7-4c66-ba64-a09f8abe8059 ro single

initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.31-14-generic

}

### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ###

menuentry “Memory test (memtest86+)” {

linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin

}

menuentry “Memory test (memtest86+, serial console 115200)” {

linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin console=ttyS0,115200n8

}

### END /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###

menuentry “Microsoft Windows XP Home Edition (on /dev/sda1)” {

insmod ntfs

set root=(hd0,1)

search –no-floppy –fs-uuid –set 5c108a1c1089fd70

drivemap -s (hd0) ${root}

chainloader +1

}

if keystatus; then

if keystatus –shift; then

set timeout=-1

else

set timeout=10

fi

else

if sleep$verbose –interruptible 3 ; then

set timeout=10

fi

fi

### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###

我的第五 個啟動項(xiàng)是menuentry “Microsoft Windows XP Home Edition (on /dev/sda1)”，我要它默認(rèn)是以xp啟動，所以修改為set default=”4″。(hd0,1 )表示第一塊硬盤的第一 個分區(qū)，我的Linux在(hd0,6)。

當(dāng)然，你也可以把你需要默認(rèn)啟動的系統(tǒng)放到最前面，那么就還是set default=0

2、set timeout=10

if [ ${recordfail} = 1 ]; then

set timeout=-1

else

set timeout=10

fi

這里停留在grub選擇系統(tǒng)界面的時間就是10秒，即set timeout=10。

有時候我并不想等待這么久，我直接啟動xp，需要ubuntu時才按幾下Shift鍵 進(jìn)入grub選擇系統(tǒng)界面。可以添加如下代碼：

if keystatus; then

if keystatus –shift; then

set timeout=-1

else

set timeout=10

fi

else

if sleep$verbose –interruptible 3 ; then

set timeout=10

fi

fi

三、其他詳細(xì)配置說明

請點(diǎn)擊此處

四、我的grub.cfg文件

安裝了xp和ubuntu，默認(rèn)啟動xp，在電腦啟動grub時，按Shift鍵進(jìn)入系統(tǒng)選擇界面。

#

# DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE

#

# It is automatically generated by /usr/sbin/grub-mkconfig using templates

# from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub

#

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header ###

if [ -s /boot/grub/grubenv ]; then

have_grubenv=true

load_env

fi

set default=”4″

if [ ${prev_saved_entry} ]; then

saved_entry=${prev_saved_entry}

save_env saved_entry

prev_saved_entry=

save_env prev_saved_entry

fi

insmod ext2

set root=(hd0,6)

search –no-floppy –fs-uuid –set 040508ff-fec7-4c66-ba64-a09f8abe8059

if loadfont /usr/share/grub/unicode.pf2 ; then

set gfxmode=640×480

insmod gfxterm

insmod vbe

if terminal_output gfxterm ; then true ; else

# For backward compatibility with versions of terminal.mod that don’t

# understand terminal_output

terminal gfxterm

fi

fi

if [ ${recordfail} = 1 ]; then

set timeout=-1

else

set timeout=10

fi

### END /etc/grub.d/00_header ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ###

set menu_color_normal=white/black

set menu_color_highlight=black/white

### END /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###

menuentry “Ubuntu, Linux 2.6.31-14-generic” {

recordfail=1

if [ -n ${have_grubenv} ]; then save_env recordfail; fi

set quiet=1

insmod ext2

set root=(hd0,6)

search –no-floppy –fs-uuid –set 040508ff-fec7-4c66-ba64-a09f8abe8059

linux /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.31-14-generic root=UUID=040508ff-fec7-4c66-ba64-a09f8abe8059 ro ? quiet splash

initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.31-14-generic

}

menuentry “Ubuntu, Linux 2.6.31-14-generic (recovery mode)” {

recordfail=1

if [ -n ${have_grubenv} ]; then save_env recordfail; fi

insmod ext2

set root=(hd0,6)

search –no-floppy –fs-uuid –set 040508ff-fec7-4c66-ba64-a09f8abe8059

linux /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.31-14-generic root=UUID=040508ff-fec7-4c66-ba64-a09f8abe8059 ro single

initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.31-14-generic

}

### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ###

menuentry “Memory test (memtest86+)” {

linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin

}

menuentry “Memory test (memtest86+, serial console 115200)” {

linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin console=ttyS0,115200n8

}

### END /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###

menuentry “Microsoft Windows XP Home Edition (on /dev/sda1)” {

insmod ntfs

set root=(hd0,1)

search –no-floppy –fs-uuid –set 5c108a1c1089fd70

drivemap -s (hd0) ${root}

chainloader +1

}

if keystatus; then

if keystatus –shift; then

set timeout=-1

else

set timeout=10

fi

else

if sleep$verbose –interruptible 3 ; then

set timeout=10

fi

fi

### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###

# This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries. ?Simply type the

# menu entries you want to add after this comment. ?Be careful not to change

# the ‘exec tail’ line above.

### END /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###

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