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SpringMVC简单项目配置
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一、首先，SpringMVC框架使用分層開發，分層是為了實現“高內聚，低耦合”。采用“分而治之”的思想，把問題劃分開來各個解決，易于控制，延展和分配資源，最重要的是有利于后期項目維護。MVC是指Model(模型)、View(視圖)、Controller(控制器)，在SpringMVC的編程中一般具有四層，分別是：
表示層：(jsp、html)主要就是界面的展示
控制層：(Contoller、Action)控制界面跳轉
業務層：(Service)調用DAO層，實現解耦合目的，雖然不要它也可以運行項目，但是會使項目后期的延展和維護變得困難
持久層：(DAO)也叫數據訪問層，實現對數據庫的訪問
二、然后，注解的使用，在SpringMVC中經常用到注解，使用注解可以極大的節省開發者的時間，下面是幾個最重要的注解介紹：
@Repository：標注數據訪問層，可以告訴SpringMVC這是一個數據訪問層，并將其申明為一個bean，例如UserDao接口的實現類UserDaoImpl,在類上加注解@Repository("userDao")，bean的名稱為userDao
@Service:標注業務層，例如UserService接口的實現類，在類上加@Service("userService")，bean的名稱為userService
@Controller:控制層，在控制層類上加@Controller即可，確認其是一個控制層類
@Component:當不確定是屬于哪層是用這個注解
三、說的再多，不如做一遍，下面是一個簡單的跳轉并實現登錄功能的SpringMVC項目的介紹
1.項目環境搭建，在eclipse下點擊左上角File→New→Dynamic Web Projiect，創建項目MySpringMVC,新建項目結構如下
?在lib下導入jar包，在這里，需要的jar包有哪些就不介紹了，反正是能多不能少，多了不會報錯，不明白就都弄進去吧。在WEB-INF下新建web.xml文件
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<?xml?version="1.0"?encoding="UTF-8"?>??<web-app?xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"??????xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"???????xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"??????xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee?http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"??????id="WebApp_ID"?version="3.0">??????????????<filter>??????<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>??????<filter-class>??????????????????????????????????org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter????????????</filter-class>??????<init-param>????????<param-name>encoding</param-name>????????<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>??????</init-param>??????<init-param>????????<param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>????????<param-value>true</param-value>??????</init-param>????</filter>?????<filter-mapping>??????<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>??????<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>??</filter-mapping>??????<welcome-file-list>??????<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>??</welcome-file-list>??</web-app>?? 在WebContent下建一個index.jsp
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<%@?page?language="java"?contentType="text/html;?charset=UTF-8"??????pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>??<!DOCTYPE?html?PUBLIC?"-//W3C//DTD?HTML?4.01?Transitional//EN"?"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">??<html>??<head>??<meta?http-equiv="Content-Type"?content="text/html;?charset=UTF-8">??<title>welcome</title>??</head>??<body>??????This?is?MySpringMVC!??</body>??</html>?? 用tomcat運行項目，最好做每一步都運行下，看能通過不，不然后面很難發現錯誤
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接下來實現頁面的跳轉在index.jsp里加入
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<a?href="toLogin.do">登錄</a>?? ?
在WEB-INF下新建文件夾webPage，然后建立Login.jsp
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<%@?page?language="java"?contentType="text/html;?charset=UTF-8"??????pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>??<!DOCTYPE?html?PUBLIC?"-//W3C//DTD?HTML?4.01?Transitional//EN"?"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">??<html>??<head>??<meta?http-equiv="Content-Type"?content="text/html;?charset=UTF-8">??<title>登錄界面</title>??</head>??<body>??<form?action="userLogin.do"?method="post">??<input?type="hidden"?name="categoryId"?value="1"?/>??????<div?class="login">????<div?class="loginleft">???????<p?class="logotext">MySpringMVC登錄界面</p>?????</div>?????<div?class="loginright">???????<p?class="loginrighttit">用戶登錄</p>???????<ul>?????????<li><p>用 戶 名:</p>?<input?name="userName"?id="userName"?type="text"/>?????????</li>?????????<li><p>密 碼:</p>?<input?name="loginPassword"?id="loginPassword"?type="password"/>?????????</li>??</ul>???????<p><input?name=""?type="submit"?value="登 錄"?class="loginrightbutton"?/></p>?????</div>???</div>??</form>??</body>??</html>?? 在WEB-INF下建立文件夾xmlConfig,創建webConfig.xml
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<?xml?version="1.0"?encoding="UTF-8"?>??<beans?xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"??????xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"??????xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"??????xsi:schemaLocation="??????????http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans???????????????http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd??????????http://www.springframework.org/schema/context???????????http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">??????????<bean?id="viewResolver"??????????class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">??????????<property?name="viewClass"???????????value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/>??????????<property?name="prefix">??????????????<value>/WEB-INF/webPage/</value>??????????</property>??????????<property?name="suffix">??????????????<value>.jsp</value>??????????</property>??????</bean>??</beans>?? 在web.xml中添加配置文件
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<servlet>??????<servlet-name>spring</servlet-name>??????<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>??????<init-param>??????????<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>??????????<param-value>/WEB-INF/xmlConfig/webConfig.xml</param-value>??????</init-param>??????<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>??</servlet>??<servlet-mapping>??????<servlet-name>spring</servlet-name>??????<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern></servlet-mapping>?? 在src中建立com.user.action包，創建UserAction類
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package?com.user.action;????import?org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;??import?org.springframework.ui.ModelMap;??import?org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;????@Controller??public?class?UserAction?{??????@RequestMapping(value?=?"/toLogin.do")??????????public?String?login(ModelMap?map){????????????return?"/Login";??????}??}?? 在webConfig里添加
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???<context:component-scan?base-package="com.user.action"></context:component-scan>???? 運行項目，結果如下
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點擊登錄，界面跳轉
2.以上是SpringMVC一個簡單環境的配置，接下來是數據庫的連接，需要在lib下導入mysql的jar包，下面是做一個簡單的登錄功能，采用mysql數據庫，建立如下包結構，有利于分層開發
在WEB-INF下建立文件夾properties，建立db.properties，保存數據庫配置信息，配置的信息一定不要錯了，這里是我事先建好的一個test數據庫，在里面建了個user表，id,name,password三個字段
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#myspring?Mysql數據庫配置??driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver??url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test??user=root??password=123456?? 在WEB-INF/xmlConfig文件夾下建立globalAppliacation.xml
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<?xml?version="1.0"?encoding="UTF-8"?>??<beans?xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"??????xmlns:security="http://www.springframework.org/schema/security"??????xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"?xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"??????xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"?xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"??????xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"??????xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee"?xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"??????xsi:schemaLocation="????????????http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans?http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd??????????http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc?http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.1.xsd????????????http://www.springframework.org/schema/security?http://www.springframework.org/schema/security/spring-security-3.1.xsd????????????http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop?http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.1.xsd????????????http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx?http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.1.xsd????????????http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache?http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache-3.1.xsd????????????http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc?http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-3.1.xsd????????????http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee?http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-3.1.xsd????????????http://www.springframework.org/schema/jms?http://www.springframework.org/schema/jms/spring-jms-3.1.xsd????????????http://www.springframework.org/schema/lang?http://www.springframework.org/schema/lang/spring-lang-3.1.xsd????????????http://www.springframework.org/schema/oxm?http://www.springframework.org/schema/oxm/spring-oxm-3.1.xsd????????????http://www.springframework.org/schema/task?http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-3.1.xsd????????????http://www.springframework.org/schema/util?http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-3.1.xsd??????????http://www.springframework.org/schema/context?http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd">??????????<context:component-scan?base-package="com.user.service"/>???????????<context:component-scan?base-package="com.user.dao"/>??????????????<context:property-placeholder?location="/WEB-INF/properties/*.properties"?/>??????????????????????<bean?id="dataSource"?class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource"??????????destroy-method="close">??????????<property?name="driverClass"?value="${driver}"></property>??????????<property?name="jdbcUrl"?value="${url}"></property>??????????<property?name="user"?value="${user}"></property>??????????<property?name="password"?value="${password}"></property>??????</bean>???????????<bean?id="film-template"?class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">?????????<property?name="dataSource"?ref="dataSource"/>???????</bean>????</beans>?? 在web.xml中加入如下代碼
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????<listener>??????<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>??</listener>??<context-param>??<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>??<param-value>??/WEB-INF/xmlConfig/globalApplication.xml??</param-value>??</context-param>?? 在com.user.vo中建立類UserVo，這是一個實體類
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package?com.user.vo;????public?class?UserVo?{??????private?int?id;??????private?String?name;??????private?String?password;??????public?int?getId()?{??????????return?id;??????}??????public?void?setId(int?id)?{??????????this.id?=?id;??????}??????public?String?getName()?{??????????return?name;??????}??????public?void?setName(String?name)?{??????????this.name?=?name;??????}??????public?String?getPassword()?{??????????return?password;??????}??????public?void?setPassword(String?password)?{??????????this.password?=?password;??????}????????}?? 然后在com.user.dao中建立接口UserDao
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package?com.user.dao;????import?com.user.vo.UserVo;????public?interface?UserDao?{??????public?UserVo?login(UserVo?u);??}?? 在com.user.dao.impl中實現這個接口，類UserDaoImpl
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package?com.user.dao.impl;????import?java.sql.ResultSet;??import?java.sql.SQLException;??import?java.util.List;????import?org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;??import?org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;??import?org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;??import?org.springframework.jdbc.core.RowMapper;??import?org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;????import?com.user.dao.UserDao;??import?com.user.vo.UserVo;??@Repository("userDao")??public?class?UserDaoImpl?implements?UserDao{??????@Autowired??????@Qualifier("film-template")???????????private?JdbcTemplate?jdbcTemplate;????????????????public?JdbcTemplate?getJdbcTemplate()?{??????????return?jdbcTemplate;??????}??????public?void?setJdbcTemplate(JdbcTemplate?jdbcTemplate)?{??????????this.jdbcTemplate?=?jdbcTemplate;??????}??????@Override??????public?UserVo?login(UserVo?u)?{??????????String?sql="select?*?from?user?where?name=??and?password=?";??????????Object[]?param?=?new?Object[]{u.getName(),u.getPassword()};??????????List<UserVo>?la?=?jdbcTemplate.query(sql,param,new?RowMapper<UserVo>()?{??????????????????????public?UserVo?mapRow(ResultSet?rs,?int?i)??????????????????????????????throws?SQLException?{??????????????????????????UserVo?vo?=?new?UserVo();??????????????????????????vo.setId(rs.getInt("id"));??????????????????????????vo.setName(rs.getString("name"));??????????????????????????vo.setPassword(rs.getString("password"));??????????????????????????return?vo;??????????????????????}??????????????????});??????????if(la!=null&&la.size()>0){??????????????return?la.get(0);??????????}else{??????????????return?null;??????????}??????}????}?? 接口類UserService
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package?com.user.service;????import?com.user.vo.UserVo;????public?interface?UserService?{??????public?UserVo?login(UserVo?u);??}?? 實現類UserServiceImpl
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package?com.user.service.impl;????import?org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;??import?org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;??import?org.springframework.stereotype.Service;????import?com.user.dao.UserDao;??import?com.user.service.UserService;??import?com.user.vo.UserVo;??@Service("userService")??public?class?UserServiceImpl?implements?UserService{??????@Autowired??????@Qualifier("userDao")??????private?UserDao?userDao;??????public?UserDao?getUserDao()?{??????????return?userDao;??????}??????public?void?setUserDao(UserDao?userDao)?{??????????this.userDao?=?userDao;??????}??????@Override??????public?UserVo?login(UserVo?u)?{??????????????????return?userDao.login(u);??????}????}?? 在UserAction中新建一個方法
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package?com.user.action;????import?java.io.IOException;????import?javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;??import?org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;??import?org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;??import?org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;??import?org.springframework.ui.ModelMap;??import?org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;??import?org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;????import?com.user.service.UserService;??import?com.user.vo.UserVo;??@Controller??public?class?UserAction?{??????@Autowired???????@Qualifier("userService")??????private?UserService?userService;????????????public?UserService?getUserService()?{??????????return?userService;??????}??????public?void?setUserService(UserService?userService)?{??????????this.userService?=?userService;??????}??????UserVo?u=new?UserVo();??????@RequestMapping(value?=?"/toLogin.do",?method?=?{RequestMethod.GET,RequestMethod.POST?})??????public?String?login(ModelMap?map,HttpServletRequest?request)?throws?IOException{??????????????return?"/Login";??????}??????@RequestMapping(value="/userLogin",?method?=?{RequestMethod.GET,RequestMethod.POST?})??????public?String?loginCheck(ModelMap?map,HttpServletRequest?request)?throws?IOException{??????????String?name=request.getParameter("userName");????????String?password=request.getParameter("loginPassword");??????????u.setName(name);??????????u.setPassword(password);??????????UserVo?vo=userService.login(u);????????if(vo==null)??????????????return?"/error";??????????else??????????????System.out.println(vo.getId());??????????????map.addAttribute("id",vo.getId());????????return?"/success";????????????????}??}?? 在webPage下建一個success.jsp，登錄成功跳轉到該界面
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<%@?page?language="java"?contentType="text/html;?charset=UTF-8"??????pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>??<!DOCTYPE?html?PUBLIC?"-//W3C//DTD?HTML?4.01?Transitional//EN"?"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">??<html>??<head>??<meta?http-equiv="Content-Type"?content="text/html;?charset=UTF-8">??<title>Insert?title?here</title>??</head>??<body>??????成功,用戶的ID為${id}??</body>??</html>?? 再建一個error.jsp，登錄失敗跳轉到該界面
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<%@?page?language="java"?contentType="text/html;?charset=UTF-8"??????pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>??<!DOCTYPE?html?PUBLIC?"-//W3C//DTD?HTML?4.01?Transitional//EN"?"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">??<html>??<head>??<meta?http-equiv="Content-Type"?content="text/html;?charset=UTF-8">??<title>Insert?title?here</title>??</head>??<body>??????失敗！??</body>??</html>?? ?
下面是數據庫user表中的數據信息
輸入用戶名admin，密碼123456.點擊登錄
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獲取參數用戶ID是2，數據庫連接成功，登錄相當于一個查詢操作，只要數據庫能連通，其他刪除，修改，添加操作都挺容易的
轉載于:https://www.cnblogs.com/zhaoyan001/p/7513781.html
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