WMI（windows管理規(guī)范），是Windows 2K/XP管理系統(tǒng)的核心；對(duì)于其他的Win32操作系統(tǒng)，WMI是一個(gè)有用的插件。WMI以CIMOM為基礎(chǔ)。

CIMOM即公共信息模型對(duì)象管理器（Common Information Model Object Manager），是一個(gè)描述操作系統(tǒng)構(gòu)成單元的對(duì)象數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，為MMC和腳本程序提供了一個(gè)訪問(wèn)操作系統(tǒng)構(gòu)成單元的公共接口。有了WMI，工具軟件和腳本程序訪問(wèn)操作系統(tǒng)的不同部分時(shí)不需要使用不同的API；相反，操作系統(tǒng)的不同部分都可以插入WMI，如圖所示，工具軟件和腳本程序可以方便地讀寫WMI。

學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)

• 獲取所有的WMI對(duì)象

• WMI類詳細(xì)信息顯示

• 使用WMI對(duì)計(jì)算機(jī)信息進(jìn)行收集

• 使用WQL語(yǔ)句

WMI對(duì)象

• WMI對(duì)象：WmiObject

• WMI：Windows管理規(guī)范

• WMI將數(shù)據(jù)視為有一個(gè)或多個(gè)項(xiàng)目的集合中的對(duì)象

• 通過(guò)WMI可以使用較少的工作量執(zhí)行高級(jí)工作

• 獲取WMI對(duì)象：Get-WmiObject

• 顯示所有的WMI對(duì)象

• Get-WmiObject-List

• 可以使用-commputer選項(xiàng)獲取遠(yuǎn)程計(jì)算機(jī)上的參數(shù)

獲取本機(jī)所有WmiObject 信息

1	Get-WmiObject?--list

獲取磁盤信息

1	Get-WmiObject?win32_logicaldisk

獲取指定磁盤信息

1	Get-WmiObject?win32_logicaldisk?|??{$_.DeviceID?-like?"C:"}

獲取C盤剩余空間

1	(Get-WmiObject?win32_logicaldisk?|??{$_.DeviceID?-like?"C:"}).freespace

獲取CPU信息

1	Get-WmiObject?win32_processor

注意：上面是我在虛擬機(jī)中執(zhí)行命令的結(jié)果，物理機(jī)中信息要比這多很多

查看計(jì)算機(jī)制造商信息

1	Get-WmiObject?win32_computersystem

獲取內(nèi)存總大小

1	（Get-WmiObject?win32_computersystem).TotalPhysicalmemory

查看系統(tǒng)共享目錄

1	Get-WmiObject?win32_share

??

查看共享相信信息

1	Get-WmiObject?win32_share?|?Format-list?*

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117

PS?C:\Users\Administrator>?Get-WmiObject?win32_share?|?Format-list?* PSComputerName???:?OPS01-WINTEST01 Status???????????:?OK Type?????????????:?2147483648 Name?????????????:?ADMIN$ __GENUS??????????:?2 __CLASS??????????:?Win32_Share __SUPERCLASS?????:?CIM_LogicalElement __DYNASTY????????:?CIM_ManagedSystemElement __RELPATH????????:?Win32_Share.Name="ADMIN$" __PROPERTY_COUNT?:?10 __DERIVATION?????:?{CIM_LogicalElement,?CIM_ManagedSystemElement} __SERVER?????????:?OPS01-WINTEST01 __NAMESPACE??????:?root\cimv2 __PATH???????????:?\\OPS01-WINTEST01\root\cimv2:Win32_Share.Name="ADMIN AccessMask???????: AllowMaximum?????:?True Caption??????????:?Remote?Admin Description??????:?Remote?Admin InstallDate??????: MaximumAllowed???: Path?????????????:?C:\Windows Scope????????????:?System.Management.ManagementScope Options??????????:?System.Management.ObjectGetOptions ClassPath????????:?\\OPS01-WINTEST01\root\cimv2:Win32_Share Properties???????:?{AccessMask,?AllowMaximum,?Caption,?Description...} SystemProperties?:?{__GENUS,?__CLASS,?__SUPERCLASS,?__DYNASTY...} Qualifiers???????:?{dynamic,?Locale,?provider,?UUID} Site?????????????: Container????????: PSComputerName???:?OPS01-WINTEST01 Status???????????:?OK Type?????????????:?2147483648 Name?????????????:?C$ __GENUS??????????:?2 __CLASS??????????:?Win32_Share __SUPERCLASS?????:?CIM_LogicalElement __DYNASTY????????:?CIM_ManagedSystemElement __RELPATH????????:?Win32_Share.Name="C$" __PROPERTY_COUNT?:?10 __DERIVATION?????:?{CIM_LogicalElement,?CIM_ManagedSystemElement} __SERVER?????????:?OPS01-WINTEST01 __NAMESPACE??????:?root\cimv2 __PATH???????????:?\\OPS01-WINTEST01\root\cimv2:Win32_Share.Name="C$" AccessMask???????: AllowMaximum?????:?True Caption??????????:?Default?share Description??????:?Default?share InstallDate??????: MaximumAllowed???: Path?????????????:?C:\ Scope????????????:?System.Management.ManagementScope Options??????????:?System.Management.ObjectGetOptions ClassPath????????:?\\OPS01-WINTEST01\root\cimv2:Win32_Share Properties???????:?{AccessMask,?AllowMaximum,?Caption,?Description...} SystemProperties?:?{__GENUS,?__CLASS,?__SUPERCLASS,?__DYNASTY...} Qualifiers???????:?{dynamic,?Locale,?provider,?UUID} Site?????????????: Container????????: PSComputerName???:?OPS01-WINTEST01 Status???????????:?OK Type?????????????:?2147483648 Name?????????????:?D$ __GENUS??????????:?2 __CLASS??????????:?Win32_Share __SUPERCLASS?????:?CIM_LogicalElement __DYNASTY????????:?CIM_ManagedSystemElement __RELPATH????????:?Win32_Share.Name="D$" __PROPERTY_COUNT?:?10 __DERIVATION?????:?{CIM_LogicalElement,?CIM_ManagedSystemElement} __SERVER?????????:?OPS01-WINTEST01 __NAMESPACE??????:?root\cimv2 __PATH???????????:?\\OPS01-WINTEST01\root\cimv2:Win32_Share.Name="D$" AccessMask???????: AllowMaximum?????:?True Caption??????????:?Default?share Description??????:?Default?share InstallDate??????: MaximumAllowed???: Path?????????????:?D:\ Scope????????????:?System.Management.ManagementScope Options??????????:?System.Management.ObjectGetOptions ClassPath????????:?\\OPS01-WINTEST01\root\cimv2:Win32_Share Properties???????:?{AccessMask,?AllowMaximum,?Caption,?Description...} SystemProperties?:?{__GENUS,?__CLASS,?__SUPERCLASS,?__DYNASTY...} Qualifiers???????:?{dynamic,?Locale,?provider,?UUID} Site?????????????: Container????????: PSComputerName???:?OPS01-WINTEST01 Status???????????:?OK Type?????????????:?2147483651 Name?????????????:?IPC$ __GENUS??????????:?2 __CLASS??????????:?Win32_Share __SUPERCLASS?????:?CIM_LogicalElement __DYNASTY????????:?CIM_ManagedSystemElement __RELPATH????????:?Win32_Share.Name="IPC$" __PROPERTY_COUNT?:?10 __DERIVATION?????:?{CIM_LogicalElement,?CIM_ManagedSystemElement} __SERVER?????????:?OPS01-WINTEST01 __NAMESPACE??????:?root\cimv2 __PATH???????????:?\\OPS01-WINTEST01\root\cimv2:Win32_Share.Name="IPC$" AccessMask???????: AllowMaximum?????:?True Caption??????????:?Remote?IPC Description??????:?Remote?IPC InstallDate??????: MaximumAllowed???: Path?????????????: Scope????????????:?System.Management.ManagementScope Options??????????:?System.Management.ObjectGetOptions ClassPath????????:?\\OPS01-WINTEST01\root\cimv2:Win32_Share Properties???????:?{AccessMask,?AllowMaximum,?Caption,?Description...} SystemProperties?:?{__GENUS,?__CLASS,?__SUPERCLASS,?__DYNASTY...} Qualifiers???????:?{dynamic,?Locale,?provider,?UUID} Site?????????????: Container????????:

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

手動(dòng)創(chuàng)建的共享type為0，系統(tǒng)默認(rèn)的共享，type值不為0，所以可以用以下方法過(guò)濾出手動(dòng)創(chuàng)建的共享目錄

1	Get-WmiObject?win32_share?|??{$_.type?-eq?0}

使用WQL語(yǔ)句

使用WQL語(yǔ)句可以用于篩選WMI對(duì)象

語(yǔ)法:

1	Get-WmiObject?-Query?"select?[對(duì)象]?from?WMI對(duì)象??WHERE?條件“

上面的命令可以分解成兩條：

• get-wmiobject -query "WQL語(yǔ)句"?

• WQL= ”select * from Wmi對(duì)象 where 條件“

練習(xí)：

• 列出本機(jī)的WmiObject對(duì)象

• 只獲取win32_開頭的對(duì)象

• 獲取所有的Win32_Share對(duì)象，并用列舉的方式表示

• 查找狀態(tài)為running的win32_service對(duì)象
  

• 查找startMode為Auto的win32_service對(duì)象

• 查看所有的本地磁盤
  

• 查找每個(gè)磁盤的剩余空間

例如： 查看所有由用戶創(chuàng)建的共享目錄

1	Get-WmiObject?-query?"select?*?from?win32_share?where?type=0"

練習(xí)1：獲取win32_開頭的對(duì)象

1	Get-WmiObject?-list?win32_*

練習(xí)2：查找狀態(tài)為running的win32_service對(duì)象

1	Get-WmiObject?-query?"select?*?from?win32_service?where?state='running'"

以列表形式顯示：

很多WMI對(duì)象可以使用cmdlet獲取，例如：

• Get-WmiObject win32_service ?== Get-Service

• Get-WmiObject win32_Process ?== Get-Process

本文轉(zhuǎn)自 曾哥最愛(ài) 51CTO博客，原文鏈接：http://blog.51cto.com/zengestudy/1873738，如需轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)自行聯(lián)系原作者

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