本文是在前人的很多基礎上自己整理所得，借鑒的資料見文末鏈接，感謝各位大神的無私分享。

對于yolo小白，參閱博文學習：keras-yolov3目標檢測詳解——適合新手，?(環境配置、用官方權重識別自己的圖片)

前提準備：
1、配置好環境的 python、pycharm

2、labelimg 軟件：下載方法： labelme

3、準備一些圖片，創建訓練需要的 VOC 文件

（1） 官方的VOC2007下載鏈接：http://host.robots.ox.ac.uk/pascal/VOC/voc2007/VOCtrainval_06-Nov-2007.tar，可以從這里找需要的圖片，或者一些有基礎的朋友可以寫爬蟲去爬一些圖片

（2） voc2007百度網盤下載鏈接：
?

鏈接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/18wqRTZDSz5NQEtvq0u0a1g 提取碼：hexy

正式訓練步驟：

1、打開文件夾

先按照這篇文章的步驟操作：keras-yolov3目標檢測詳解——適合新手

完成后打開的文件夾應該是這樣的：

2、新建voc2007數據集（存放自己的圖片及標注信息）

新建的文件夾：如下

ImageSets?文件夾下還有個名為?Main?的小文件夾

文件結構

VOCdevkit{VOC2007{ AnnotationsImageSets{main}JPEGImages } } 雖然表達的很丑，但是上面有圖，應該還是可以看明白的 注意：文件夾的名稱必須和上面展示的一樣，這是 yolo 默認的不然還需要改代碼才行

3、用labelimg軟件對自己的圖片進行信息標注

----labelimg 的使用方法：labelimg 下載和標注 xlm 文件

（1）需要訓練的圖片放在?JPEGImages?里面：


（2）labelimg 標注的 xml 文件放在?Annotations?里面：

4、在 VOC2007 里新建一個 py 文件，取名 voc.py

import os import randomtrainval_percent = 0.2 #測試集占0.2 train_percent = 0.8 #訓練集占0.8 xmlfilepath = 'Annotations' txtsavepath = 'ImageSets\Main' total_xml = os.listdir(xmlfilepath)num = len(total_xml) list = range(num) tv = int(num * trainval_percent) tr = int(tv * train_percent) trainval = random.sample(list, tv) train = random.sample(trainval, tr)ftrainval = open('ImageSets/Main/trainval.txt', 'w') ftest = open('ImageSets/Main/test.txt', 'w') ftrain = open('ImageSets/Main/train.txt', 'w') fval = open('ImageSets/Main/val.txt', 'w')for i in list:name = total_xml[i][:-4] + '\n'if i in trainval:ftrainval.write(name)if i in train:ftest.write(name)else:fval.write(name)else:ftrain.write(name)ftrainval.close() ftrain.close() fval.close() ftest.close()

然后運行 voc.py 文件，運行成功的話 mian 文件夾里會多了四個 txt 文件

二、進行訓練前的最后準備

1、修改?voc_annotation.py?文件并運行

更改這里的 classes 的數量，你voc2007里標注了哪幾種，你就留哪幾種就行

比如我的 voc 中只標注了 “person”，那我只留下“person”，然后再運行一下就行

運行完成后會多出這幾個 txt 文件

2、修改 model_data

將 coco_classes.txt 和 voc_classes.txt 中也只留下VOC2007 中所標注的那個類型

比如我標注的只有 “person”。那我只留下“person”

3、修改 yolo3.cfg

大概在 610、696 和 783 行的位置，把 classes 的數值都改為 1

注：IDE里直接打開cfg文件，ctrl+f搜 yolo, 總共會搜出3個含有yolo的地方，睜開你的卡姿蘭大眼睛，3個yolo！！

????每個地方都要改3處，filters：3*（5+len（classes））；

????????????????????????????????????classes: len(classes) = 3，這里以紅、黃、藍三個顏色為例?

4、添加官方權重

按照上篇博文步驟進行的朋友應該下載好了?yolov3.weights?文件并轉為了?yolo.h5?文件

附上上篇博文的鏈接（里面有下載鏈接和轉化方法）：keras-yolov3目標檢測詳解——適合新手

將?yolo.h5?改名為?yolo_weights.h5

5、新建 logs 文件夾存放訓練的 權重文件

6、開始訓練

有官方版本，有些大神說官方版本出錯，自己寫了訓練腳本，我用的官方的，沒出問題，整體的原理一樣，主要是第三方庫的問題。

""" Retrain the YOLO model for your own dataset. """import numpy as np # import keras.backend as K from tensorflow.compat.v1.keras import backend as K from keras.layers import Input, Lambda from keras.models import Model from keras.optimizers import Adam from keras.callbacks import TensorBoard, ModelCheckpoint, ReduceLROnPlateau, EarlyStoppingfrom yolo3.model import preprocess_true_boxes, yolo_body, tiny_yolo_body, yolo_loss from yolo3.utils import get_random_datadef _main():annotation_path = 'train.txt'log_dir = 'logs/'classes_path = 'model_data/voc_classes.txt'anchors_path = 'model_data/yolo_anchors.txt'class_names = get_classes(classes_path)num_classes = len(class_names)anchors = get_anchors(anchors_path)input_shape = (416, 416) # multiple of 32, hwis_tiny_version = len(anchors) == 6 # default settingif is_tiny_version:model = create_tiny_model(input_shape, anchors, num_classes,freeze_body=2, weights_path='model_data/tiny_yolo_weights.h5')else:model = create_model(input_shape, anchors, num_classes,freeze_body=2, weights_path='model_data/yolo_weights.h5') # make sure you know what you freezelogging = TensorBoard(log_dir=log_dir)checkpoint = ModelCheckpoint(log_dir + 'ep{epoch:03d}-loss{loss:.3f}-val_loss{val_loss:.3f}.h5',monitor='val_loss', save_weights_only=True, save_best_only=True, period=3)reduce_lr = ReduceLROnPlateau(monitor='val_loss', factor=0.1, patience=3, verbose=1)early_stopping = EarlyStopping(monitor='val_loss', min_delta=0, patience=10, verbose=1)val_split = 0.1with open(annotation_path) as f:lines = f.readlines()np.random.seed(10101)np.random.shuffle(lines)np.random.seed(None)num_val = int(len(lines)*val_split)num_train = len(lines) - num_val# Train with frozen layers first, to get a stable loss.# Adjust num epochs to your dataset. This step is enough to obtain a not bad model.if True:model.compile(optimizer=Adam(lr=1e-3), loss={# use custom yolo_loss Lambda layer.'yolo_loss': lambda y_true, y_pred: y_pred})batch_size = 32print('Train on {} samples, val on {} samples, with batch size {}.'.format(num_train, num_val, batch_size))model.fit_generator(data_generator_wrapper(lines[:num_train], batch_size, input_shape, anchors, num_classes),steps_per_epoch=max(1, num_train//batch_size),validation_data=data_generator_wrapper(lines[num_train:], batch_size, input_shape, anchors, num_classes),validation_steps=max(1, num_val//batch_size),epochs=50,initial_epoch=0,callbacks=[logging, checkpoint])model.save_weights(log_dir + 'trained_weights_stage_1.h5')# Unfreeze and continue training, to fine-tune.# Train longer if the result is not good.if True:for i in range(len(model.layers)):model.layers[i].trainable = Truemodel.compile(optimizer=Adam(lr=1e-4), loss={'yolo_loss': lambda y_true, y_pred: y_pred}) # recompile to apply the changeprint('Unfreeze all of the layers.')batch_size = 32 # note that more GPU memory is required after unfreezing the bodyprint('Train on {} samples, val on {} samples, with batch size {}.'.format(num_train, num_val, batch_size))model.fit_generator(data_generator_wrapper(lines[:num_train], batch_size, input_shape, anchors, num_classes),steps_per_epoch=max(1, num_train//batch_size),validation_data=data_generator_wrapper(lines[num_train:], batch_size, input_shape, anchors, num_classes),validation_steps=max(1, num_val//batch_size),epochs=100,initial_epoch=50,callbacks=[logging, checkpoint, reduce_lr, early_stopping])model.save_weights(log_dir + 'trained_weights_final.h5')# Further training if needed.def get_classes(classes_path):'''loads the classes'''with open(classes_path) as f:class_names = f.readlines()class_names = [c.strip() for c in class_names]return class_namesdef get_anchors(anchors_path):'''loads the anchors from a file'''with open(anchors_path) as f:anchors = f.readline()anchors = [float(x) for x in anchors.split(',')]return np.array(anchors).reshape(-1, 2)def create_model(input_shape, anchors, num_classes, load_pretrained=True, freeze_body=2,weights_path='model_data/yolo_weights.h5'):'''create the training model'''K.clear_session() # get a new sessionimage_input = Input(shape=(None, None, 3))h, w = input_shapenum_anchors = len(anchors)y_true = [Input(shape=(h//{0:32, 1:16, 2:8}[l], w//{0:32, 1:16, 2:8}[l], \num_anchors//3, num_classes+5)) for l in range(3)]model_body = yolo_body(image_input, num_anchors//3, num_classes)print('Create YOLOv3 model with {} anchors and {} classes.'.format(num_anchors, num_classes))if load_pretrained:model_body.load_weights(weights_path, by_name=True, skip_mismatch=True)print('Load weights {}.'.format(weights_path))if freeze_body in [1, 2]:# Freeze darknet53 body or freeze all but 3 output layers.num = (185, len(model_body.layers)-3)[freeze_body-1]for i in range(num): model_body.layers[i].trainable = Falseprint('Freeze the first {} layers of total {} layers.'.format(num, len(model_body.layers)))model_loss = Lambda(yolo_loss, output_shape=(1,), name='yolo_loss',arguments={'anchors': anchors, 'num_classes': num_classes, 'ignore_thresh': 0.5})([*model_body.output, *y_true])model = Model([model_body.input, *y_true], model_loss)return modeldef create_tiny_model(input_shape, anchors, num_classes, load_pretrained=True, freeze_body=2,weights_path='model_data/tiny_yolo_weights.h5'):'''create the training model, for Tiny YOLOv3'''K.clear_session() # get a new sessionimage_input = Input(shape=(None, None, 3))h, w = input_shapenum_anchors = len(anchors)y_true = [Input(shape=(h//{0:32, 1:16}[l], w//{0:32, 1:16}[l], \num_anchors//2, num_classes+5)) for l in range(2)]model_body = tiny_yolo_body(image_input, num_anchors//2, num_classes)print('Create Tiny YOLOv3 model with {} anchors and {} classes.'.format(num_anchors, num_classes))if load_pretrained:model_body.load_weights(weights_path, by_name=True, skip_mismatch=True)print('Load weights {}.'.format(weights_path))if freeze_body in [1, 2]:# Freeze the darknet body or freeze all but 2 output layers.num = (20, len(model_body.layers)-2)[freeze_body-1]for i in range(num): model_body.layers[i].trainable = Falseprint('Freeze the first {} layers of total {} layers.'.format(num, len(model_body.layers)))model_loss = Lambda(yolo_loss, output_shape=(1,), name='yolo_loss',arguments={'anchors': anchors, 'num_classes': num_classes, 'ignore_thresh': 0.7})([*model_body.output, *y_true])model = Model([model_body.input, *y_true], model_loss)return modeldef data_generator(annotation_lines, batch_size, input_shape, anchors, num_classes):'''data generator for fit_generator'''n = len(annotation_lines)i = 0while True:image_data = []box_data = []for b in range(batch_size):if i == 0:np.random.shuffle(annotation_lines)image, box = get_random_data(annotation_lines[i], input_shape, random=True)image_data.append(image)box_data.append(box)i = (i+1) % nimage_data = np.array(image_data)box_data = np.array(box_data)y_true = preprocess_true_boxes(box_data, input_shape, anchors, num_classes)yield [image_data, *y_true], np.zeros(batch_size)def data_generator_wrapper(annotation_lines, batch_size, input_shape, anchors, num_classes):n = len(annotation_lines)if n == 0 or batch_size <= 0:return Nonereturn data_generator(annotation_lines, batch_size, input_shape, anchors, num_classes)if __name__ == '__main__':_main()

成功開始訓練，訓練時間比較長，需要耐心等待

訓練完成：

我的結果還沒跑完，下面結果看看就行

訓練好的權重都放在 logs 文件夾下的 000 文件夾里：

?

按理說訓練會經過兩個階段，且自動從一堆 loss 中選則出 loss最低的文件(應該是 earlystop函數的作用)：

應該就是下面的框選的這兩個 h5文件，都可以使用

使用的方法就和前面那篇博文操作一樣了（用這個h5權重模型去識別自己圖片），

?

?

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參考資料：

1、https://blog.csdn.net/qq_45504119/article/details/105052478?重點

2、https://blog.csdn.net/Patrick_Lxc/article/details/80615433

3、https://blog.csdn.net/m0_37857151/article/details/81330699

4、https://blog.csdn.net/mingqi1996/article/details/83343289

5、https://blog.csdn.net/davidlee8086/article/details/79693079

6、https://blog.csdn.net/u012746060/article/details/81183006

7、https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_45488478/article/details/98397947

8、https://blog.csdn.net/sinat_26917383/article/details/85614247?utm_medium=distribute.pc_relevant.none-task-blog-BlogCommendFromMachineLearnPai2-1.nonecase&depth_1-utm_source=distribute.pc_relevant.none-task-blog-BlogCommendFromMachineLearnPai2-1.nonecase

9、

?

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