測試過程中需要用到串口，目前采用pyserial庫。

1 采用命令行安裝pyserial庫： pip install pyserial

2 獲取可用的串口號，見Listing available com ports with Python。

import sys import glob import serialdef serial_ports():""" Lists serial port names:raises EnvironmentError:On unsupported or unknown platforms:returns:A list of the serial ports available on the system"""if sys.platform.startswith('win'):ports = ['COM%s' % (i + 1) for i in range(256)]elif sys.platform.startswith('linux') or sys.platform.startswith('cygwin'):# this excludes your current terminal "/dev/tty"ports = glob.glob('/dev/tty[A-Za-z]*')elif sys.platform.startswith('darwin'):ports = glob.glob('/dev/tty.*')else:raise EnvironmentError('Unsupported platform')result = []for port in ports:try:s = serial.Serial(port)s.close()result.append(port)except (OSError, serial.SerialException):passreturn resultif __name__ == '__main__':print(serial_ports())

3 進行串口通訊：

def send_str(port, baudrate, parity, value):port_set = serial.Serial(port=port, baudrate=baudrate, parity=parity)port_set.write(value)# delay 100ms if receive is blank, just waiting 5s.n = 0while port_set.inWaiting() == 0:time.sleep(0.1)n = n + 1if n > 50:# send frame againport_set.write(value)break# every 100ms check the data receive is readybyte_number_1 = 0byte_number_2 = 1while byte_number_1 != byte_number_2:byte_number_1 = port_set.inWaiting()time.sleep(0.1)byte_number_2 = port_set.inWaiting()receive_frame = port_set.read_all()return receive_frame

port: 串口號，str格式，例如‘COM3’；

baudrate: 波特率，str格式，例如‘9600’；

parity:校驗位，str格式。只需要第一個字母，‘N’無校驗，‘O’奇校驗，‘E’偶校驗；

value: 設置的數據，數據需要為int格式，多字節傳輸采用list。

# delay 100ms if receive is blank, just waiting 5s.n = 0while port_set.inWaiting() == 0:time.sleep(0.1)n = n + 1if n > 50:# send frame againport_set.write(value)break

inWaiting()返回接收到的字符。

此段代碼判斷是否有數據返回。最多等待5s，之后重發。

# every 100ms check the data receive is readybyte_number_1 = 0byte_number_2 = 1while byte_number_1 != byte_number_2:byte_number_1 = port_set.inWaiting()time.sleep(0.1)byte_number_2 = port_set.inWaiting()

此段代碼判斷是否接收完成。每100ms判斷一次，判斷時間可以根據波特率進行修改。

receive_frame = port_set.read_all()

接收全部返回數據。返回數據類型為byte，可以采用與list相同方法進行操作。

4 判斷端口是否可用

def serial_alive(port=None):port_status = Truetry:s = serial.Serial(port)s.close()except OSError:port_status = Falsereturn port_statusif __name__ == '__main__':print(serial_alive('COM5'))

總結

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