概述

yum（ Yellow dog Updater, Modified）是一個(gè)在Fedora和RedHat以及SUSE中的Shell前端軟件包管理器。

基於RPM包管理，能夠從指定的服務(wù)器自動(dòng)下載RPM包并且安裝，可以自動(dòng)處理依賴性關(guān)系，并且一次安裝所有依賴的軟體包，無須繁瑣地一次次下載、安裝。
yum提供了查找、安裝、刪除某一個(gè)、一組甚至全部軟件包的命令，而且命令簡潔而又好記。

語法

yum [options] [command] [package ...]

• options：可選，選項(xiàng)包括-h（幫助），-y（當(dāng)安裝過程提示選擇全部為”yes”），-q（不顯示安裝的過程）等等。
• command：要進(jìn)行的操作。
• package操作的對象。

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yum常用命令

1.列出所有可更新的軟件清單命令：yum check-update
2.更新所有軟件命令：yum update
3.僅安裝指定的軟件命令：yum install <package_name>
4.僅更新指定的軟件命令：yum update <package_name>
5.列出所有可安裝的軟件清單命令：yum list
6.刪除軟件包命令：yum remove <package_name>
7.查找軟件包 命令：yum search <keyword>

8.清除緩存命令:

• yum clean packages: 清除緩存目錄下的軟件包
• yum clean headers: 清除緩存目錄下的 headers
• yum clean oldheaders: 清除緩存目錄下舊的 headers
• yum clean, yum clean all (= yum clean packages; yum clean oldheaders) :清除緩存目錄下的軟件包及舊的headers

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實(shí)例

安裝 pam-devel

[root@www ~]# yum install pam-devel Setting up Install Process Parsing package install arguments Resolving Dependencies <==先檢查軟件的屬性相依問題 --> Running transaction check ---> Package pam-devel.i386 0:0.99.6.2-4.el5 set to be updated --> Processing Dependency: pam = 0.99.6.2-4.el5 for package: pam-devel --> Running transaction check ---> Package pam.i386 0:0.99.6.2-4.el5 set to be updated filelists.xml.gz 100% |=========================| 1.6 MB 00:05 filelists.xml.gz 100% |=========================| 138 kB 00:00 -> Finished Dependency Resolution ……(省略)

移除 pam-devel

[root@www ~]# yum remove pam-devel Setting up Remove Process Resolving Dependencies <==同樣的，先解決屬性相依的問題 --> Running transaction check ---> Package pam-devel.i386 0:0.99.6.2-4.el5 set to be erased --> Finished Dependency ResolutionDependencies Resolved=============================================================================Package Arch Version Repository Size ============================================================================= Removing: pam-devel i386 0.99.6.2-4.el5 installed 495 kTransaction Summary ============================================================================= Install 0 Package(s) Update 0 Package(s) Remove 1 Package(s) <==還好，并沒有屬性相依的問題，單純移除一個(gè)軟件Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Finished Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Erasing : pam-devel ######################### [1/1]Removed: pam-devel.i386 0:0.99.6.2-4.el5 Complete!

利用 yum 的功能，找出以 pam 為開頭的軟件名稱有哪些？

[root@www ~]# yum list pam* Installed Packages pam.i386 0.99.6.2-3.27.el5 installed pam_ccreds.i386 3-5 installed pam_krb5.i386 2.2.14-1 installed pam_passwdqc.i386 1.0.2-1.2.2 installed pam_pkcs11.i386 0.5.3-23 installed pam_smb.i386 1.1.7-7.2.1 installed Available Packages <==底下則是『可升級(jí)』的或『未安裝』的 pam.i386 0.99.6.2-4.el5 base pam-devel.i386 0.99.6.2-4.el5 base pam_krb5.i386 2.2.14-10 base

國內(nèi) yum 源

網(wǎng)易（163）yum源是國內(nèi)最好的yum源之一 ，無論是速度還是軟件版本，都非常的不錯(cuò)。
將yum源設(shè)置為163 yum，可以提升軟件包安裝和更新的速度，同時(shí)避免一些常見軟件版本無法找到。

安裝步驟

首先備份/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo

mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup

下載對應(yīng)版本repo文件, 放入/etc/yum.repos.d/(操作前請做好相應(yīng)備份)

CentOS5 ：http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS5-Base-163.repo
CentOS6 ：http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS6-Base-163.repo

運(yùn)行以下命令生成緩存

yum clean all yum makecache

CentOS5:

# CentOS-Base.repo # # The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the # update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and # geographically close to the client. You should use this for CentOS updates # unless you are manually picking other mirrors. # # If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the # remarked out baseurl= line instead. # #[base] name=CentOS-$releasever - Base - 163.com baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/ #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5#released updates [updates] name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates - 163.com baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/ #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5#packages used/produced in the build but not released [addons] name=CentOS-$releasever - Addons - 163.com baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/addons/$basearch/ #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=addons gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5#additional packages that may be useful [extras] name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras - 163.com baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/ #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=extras gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages [centosplus] name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus - 163.com baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/ #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus gpgcheck=1 enabled=0 gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5#contrib - packages by Centos Users [contrib] name=CentOS-$releasever - Contrib - 163.com baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/ #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=contrib gpgcheck=1 enabled=0 gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5

CentOS6:

# CentOS-Base.repo # # The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the # update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and # geographically close to the client. You should use this for CentOS updates # unless you are manually picking other mirrors. # # If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the # remarked out baseurl= line instead. # #[base] name=CentOS-$releasever - Base - 163.com baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/ #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6#released updates [updates] name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates - 163.com baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/ #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6#additional packages that may be useful [extras] name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras - 163.com baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/ #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=extras gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages [centosplus] name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus - 163.com baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/ #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus gpgcheck=1 enabled=0 gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6#contrib - packages by Centos Users [contrib] name=CentOS-$releasever - Contrib - 163.com baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/ #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=contrib gpgcheck=1 enabled=0 gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

其他不錯(cuò)的yum源

除了網(wǎng)易之外，國內(nèi)還有其他不錯(cuò)的yum源，比如中科大和搜狐。
中科大的yum源，安裝方法查看：https://lug.ustc.edu.cn/wiki/mirrors/help/centos
sohu的yum源安裝方法查看: http://mirrors.sohu.com/help/centos.html

總結(jié)

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