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Spring Boot2.x-14 使用Prometheus + Grafana 实现可视化的监控

發布時間：2025/3/21 javascript 58 豆豆

生活随笔收集整理的這篇文章主要介紹了 Spring Boot2.x-14 使用Prometheus + Grafana 实现可视化的监控小編覺得挺不錯的,現在分享給大家,幫大家做個參考.

文章目錄

環境信息
Prometheus 組件
- 下載 & 安裝
- 通過指定配置文件prometheus.yml啟動Prometheus
- 查看采集到的性能指標
- 查看prometheus規則
- 查看監控對象
SpringBoot集成Prometheus
- pom.xml
- 配置文件
- 實例化MeterRegistryCustomizer
- 打包，上傳到服務器上
- Prometheus 修改配置文件prometheus.yml 接入該工程
Grafana 組件
- 下載 & 安裝 & 啟動Grafana
- Grafana 接入Prometheus 的數據
- - Step1 添加Prometheus 數據源
  - Step2 設置相關信息
  - Step3 導入想要的dashboards

環境信息

OS： Centos7 （防火墻已經關閉）
IP： 192.168.31.34
APP: Spring Boot 2.1.3搭建的演示環境

Prometheus 組件

官網： https://prometheus.io/

下載地址： https://prometheus.io/download/

官方文檔： https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/getting_started/

Prometheus是一套開源的監控&報警&時間序列數據庫的組合，基于應用的metrics來進行監控的開源工具。

更多信息請參考官網介紹： https://prometheus.io/docs/introduction/overview/

下載 & 安裝

官網下載速度太慢，我這里就沒有使用最新版本，而是從 http://cactifans.hi-www.com 下載了 prometheus-2.1.0的版本

# 下載 prometheus-2.1.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz [root@artisan ~]# wget http://cactifans.hi-www.com/prometheus/prometheus-2.1.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz --2019-03-10 21:57:56-- http://cactifans.hi-www.com/prometheus/prometheus-2.1.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz Resolving cactifans.hi-www.com (cactifans.hi-www.com)... 222.186.135.67 Connecting to cactifans.hi-www.com (cactifans.hi-www.com)|222.186.135.67|:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 25271154 (24M) [application/octet-stream] Saving to: ‘prometheus-2.1.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz’100%[===========================================================================================================================================>] 25,271,154 6.34MB/s in 3.7s 2019-03-10 21:58:00 (6.55 MB/s) - ‘prometheus-2.1.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz’ saved [25271154/25271154] # 解壓prometheus-2.1.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz [root@artisan ~]# tar -xvzf prometheus-2.1.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz prometheus-2.1.0.linux-amd64/ prometheus-2.1.0.linux-amd64/consoles/ prometheus-2.1.0.linux-amd64/consoles/index.html.example prometheus-2.1.0.linux-amd64/consoles/node-cpu.html prometheus-2.1.0.linux-amd64/consoles/node-disk.html prometheus-2.1.0.linux-amd64/consoles/node-overview.html prometheus-2.1.0.linux-amd64/consoles/node.html prometheus-2.1.0.linux-amd64/consoles/prometheus-overview.html prometheus-2.1.0.linux-amd64/consoles/prometheus.html prometheus-2.1.0.linux-amd64/console_libraries/ prometheus-2.1.0.linux-amd64/console_libraries/menu.lib prometheus-2.1.0.linux-amd64/console_libraries/prom.lib prometheus-2.1.0.linux-amd64/prometheus.yml prometheus-2.1.0.linux-amd64/LICENSE prometheus-2.1.0.linux-amd64/NOTICE prometheus-2.1.0.linux-amd64/prometheus prometheus-2.1.0.linux-amd64/promtool # 為了方便使用，給解壓后的目錄建個軟連接 [root@artisan ~]# ln -s prometheus-2.1.0.linux-amd64 prometheus

通過指定配置文件prometheus.yml啟動Prometheus

配置文件官方說明： https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/configuration/configuration/

默認情況下，Prometheus會監控自己本身。

# 后臺運行 & [root@artisan prometheus]# ./prometheus --config.file=prometheus.yml & [1] 9015 [root@artisan prometheus]# level=info ts=2019-03-10T15:06:43.257570596Z caller=main.go:225 msg="Starting Prometheus" version="(version=2.1.0, branch=HEAD, revision=85f23d82a045d103ea7f3c89a91fba4a93e6367a)" level=info ts=2019-03-10T15:06:43.257669987Z caller=main.go:226 build_context="(go=go1.9.2, user=root@6e784304d3ff, date=20180119-12:01:23)" level=info ts=2019-03-10T15:06:43.257704431Z caller=main.go:227 host_details="(Linux 3.10.0-957.1.3.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Thu Nov 29 14:49:43 UTC 2018 x86_64 artisan (none))" level=info ts=2019-03-10T15:06:43.257735315Z caller=main.go:228 fd_limits="(soft=1024, hard=4096)" level=info ts=2019-03-10T15:06:43.263798112Z caller=main.go:499 msg="Starting TSDB ..." level=info ts=2019-03-10T15:06:43.291174989Z caller=web.go:383 component=web msg="Start listening for connections" address=0.0.0.0:9090 level=info ts=2019-03-10T15:06:43.402481602Z caller=main.go:509 msg="TSDB started" level=info ts=2019-03-10T15:06:43.402579292Z caller=main.go:585 msg="Loading configuration file" filename=prometheus.yml level=info ts=2019-03-10T15:06:43.404207598Z caller=main.go:486 msg="Server is ready to receive web requests." level=info ts=2019-03-10T15:06:43.404378748Z caller=manager.go:59 component="scrape manager" msg="Starting scrape manager..."# 查看進程， 9015端口，剛才啟動的時候也輸出了這個端口 [root@artisan prometheus]# ps -ef|grep prometheus |grep -v grep root 9015 7675 0 23:06 pts/0 00:00:00 ./prometheus --config.file=prometheus.yml

查看采集到的性能指標

訪問 http://192.168.31.34:9090/metrics

太多了，真是沒法看，還好有個弱弱的圖形頁面（待會整合到Grafana 中就方便看了）

訪問： http://192.168.31.34:9090/graph

選中某個指標，點擊Execute . 超多指標可以查看 …

查看prometheus規則

查看監控對象

SpringBoot集成Prometheus

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><parent><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId><version>2.1.3.RELEASE</version><relativePath /> </parent><groupId>com.artisan</groupId><artifactId>springbootPrometheusGrafana</artifactId><version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version><name>springbootPrometheusGrafana</name><description>Artisan </description><properties><java.version>1.8</java.version><project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding><project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding></properties><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId><scope>test</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>io.micrometer</groupId><artifactId>micrometer-registry-prometheus</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId><optional>true</optional><scope>true</scope></dependency></dependencies><build><plugins><plugin><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId></plugin></plugins></build></project>

配置文件

spring: application:name: springbootPrometheusGrafanamanagement:endpoints:web:exposure:include: '*'metrics:tags:application: ${spring.application.name}

如果使用properties

spring.application.name=springbootPrometheusGrafana management.endpoints.web.exposure.include=* management.metrics.tags.application=${spring.application.name}

實例化MeterRegistryCustomizer

方便起見，我們就在啟動類中實例化吧

package com.artisan;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.actuate.autoconfigure.metrics.MeterRegistryCustomizer; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;import io.micrometer.core.instrument.MeterRegistry;@SpringBootApplication public class SpringbootPrometheusGrafanaApplication {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(SpringbootPrometheusGrafanaApplication.class, args);}@BeanMeterRegistryCustomizer<MeterRegistry> configurer(@Value("${spring.application.name}") String applicationName) {return (registry) -> registry.config().commonTags("application", applicationName);}}

打包，上傳到服務器上

右鍵–Run As – Maven build ,輸入 clean package

服務器上啟動該jar即可

java -jar springbootPrometheusGrafana-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar &

Prometheus 修改配置文件prometheus.yml 接入該工程

增加如下配置：

#SpringBoot應用配置- job_name: 'springbootPrometheusGrafana'scrape_interval: 5smetrics_path: '/actuator/prometheus'static_configs:- targets: ['192.168.31.34:8080']

重啟Prometheus

[root@artisan prometheus]# ./prometheus --config.file=prometheus.yml &

訪問 http://192.168.31.34:9090/targets

查看配置文件

服務自動發現

Grafana 組件

官網：https://grafana.com/
下載地址： https://grafana.com/grafana/download
入門：http://docs.grafana.org/guides/getting_started/

剛才也說了，Prometheus 的可視化功能比較弱，這里我們來接入Grafana 。

Grafana是一個跨平臺的開源的度量分析和可視化工具，可以通過將采集的數據查詢然后可視化的展示，并及時通知。它主要有以下六大特點：

展示方式：快速靈活的客戶端圖表，面板插件有許多不同方式的可視化指標和日志，官方庫中具有豐富的儀表盤插件，比如熱圖、折線圖、圖表等多種展示方式；
數據源：Graphite，InfluxDB，OpenTSDB，Prometheus，Elasticsearch，CloudWatch和KairosDB等；
通知提醒：以可視方式定義最重要指標的警報規則，Grafana將不斷計算并發送通知，在數據達到閾值時通過Slack、PagerDuty等獲得通知；
混合展示：在同一圖表中混合使用不同的數據源，可以基于每個查詢指定數據源，甚至自定義數據源；
注釋：使用來自不同數據源的豐富事件注釋圖表，將鼠標懸停在事件上會顯示完整的事件元數據和標記；
過濾器：Ad-hoc過濾器允許動態創建新的鍵/值過濾器，這些過濾器會自動應用于使用該數據源的所有查詢。

下載 & 安裝 & 啟動Grafana

官網下載速度太慢，我這里就沒有使用最新版本，而是從 http://cactifans.hi-www.com 下載了 grafana-5.4.2-1.x86_64.rpm的版本

# 下載 [root@artisan ~]# wget http://cactifans.hi-www.com/grafana/grafana-5.4.2-1.x86_64.rpm --2019-03-10 23:44:28-- http://cactifans.hi-www.com/grafana/grafana-5.4.2-1.x86_64.rpm Resolving cactifans.hi-www.com (cactifans.hi-www.com)... 222.186.135.67 Connecting to cactifans.hi-www.com (cactifans.hi-www.com)|222.186.135.67|:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 54991977 (52M) [application/x-redhat-package-manager] Saving to: ‘grafana-5.4.2-1.x86_64.rpm’100%[===========================================================================================================================================>] 54,991,977 5.20MB/s in 9.5s 2019-03-10 23:44:37 (5.51 MB/s) - ‘grafana-5.4.2-1.x86_64.rpm’ saved [54991977/54991977]# yum本地安裝 [root@artisan ~]# yum localinstall grafana-5.4.2-1.x86_64.rpm Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks Examining grafana-5.4.2-1.x86_64.rpm: grafana-5.4.2-1.x86_64 Marking grafana-5.4.2-1.x86_64.rpm to be installed Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package grafana.x86_64 0:5.4.2-1 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution base/7/x86_64 | 3.6 kB 00:00:00 extras/7/x86_64 | 3.4 kB 00:00:00 extras/7/x86_64/primary_db | 180 kB 00:00:00 updates/7/x86_64 | 3.4 kB 00:00:00 updates/7/x86_64/primary_db | 2.5 MB 00:00:00 Dependencies Resolved=====================================================================================================================================================================================Package Arch Version Repository Size ===================================================================================================================================================================================== Installing:grafana x86_64 5.4.2-1 /grafana-5.4.2-1.x86_64 151 MTransaction Summary ===================================================================================================================================================================================== Install 1 PackageTotal size: 151 M Installed size: 151 M Is this ok [y/d/N]: y Downloading packages: Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transactionInstalling : grafana-5.4.2-1.x86_64 1/1 ### NOT starting on installation, please execute the following statements to configure grafana to start automatically using systemdsudo /bin/systemctl daemon-reloadsudo /bin/systemctl enable grafana-server.service ### You can start grafana-server by executingsudo /bin/systemctl start grafana-server.service POSTTRANS: Running scriptVerifying : grafana-5.4.2-1.x86_64 1/1 Installed:grafana.x86_64 0:5.4.2-1 Complete!# 啟動 [root@artisan ~]# systemctl start grafana-server # 設置為開機啟動 [root@artisan ~]# systemctl enable grafana-server Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/grafana-server.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/grafana-server.service. # 查看進程 [root@artisan ~]# ps -ef|grep grafana-server |grep -v grep grafana 9542 1 2 23:49 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/grafana-server --config=/etc/grafana/grafana.ini --pidfile=/var/run/grafana/grafana-server.pid --packaging=rpm cfg:default.paths.logs=/var/log/grafana cfg:default.paths.data=/var/lib/grafana cfg:default.paths.plugins=/var/lib/grafana/plugins cfg:default.paths.provisioning=/etc/grafana/provisioning [root@artisan ~]#

配置文件 /etc/grafana/grafana.ini , 默認3000端口，按需修改

訪問 http://192.168.31.34:3000/login

默認的用戶名和密碼為 admin/admin

Grafana 接入Prometheus 的數據

如何將 Prometheus 數據添加到 Grafana 中，如下

Prometheus 官方指導： https://prometheus.io/docs/visualization/grafana/

Step1 添加Prometheus 數據源

選擇 Prometheus

Step2 設置相關信息

Step3 導入想要的dashboards

看板地址： https://grafana.com/dashboards

可篩選

https://grafana.com/dashboards/4701

導入

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