文章目錄

• 生猛干貨
• 官方文檔
• Step1.確認操作系統的版本
• Step2. 檢查并卸載MariaDB
• Step3. 下載RPM
• Step4. 安裝rpm包 并確認yum源
• Step5. 安裝 MySQL
• Step6. 啟動 MySQL
• Step7. 登錄MySQL
• Step8. 開啟遠程訪問
• 常見錯誤
• • [ERROR] --initialize specified but the data directory has files in it. Aborting.
  • • 解決辦法
  • Initialization of mysqld failed: 0
  • • 解決辦法
• MySQL啟停
• 防火墻的相關設置
• 搞定MySQL

生猛干貨

帶你搞定MySQL實戰，輕松對應海量業務處理及高并發需求，從容應對大場面試

---

官方文檔

https://dev.mysql.com/doc/

如果英文不好的話，可以參考 searchdoc 翻譯的中文版本

http://www.searchdoc.cn/rdbms/mysql/dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/index.com.coder114.cn.html

---

Step1.確認操作系統的版本

[root@artisan ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 7.7.1908 (Core) [root@artisan ~]#

CentOS7 及以上版本 默認安裝了 MariaDB ，MariaDB是MySQL源代碼的一個分支, 該分支完全兼容MySQL 。

CentOS 7為什么放棄了MySQL，而改使用MariaDB？。簡言之，MySQL被Oracle收購后，為了避免后續的法律糾紛，好多操作系統廠商都集成了開源免費的MariaDB了。

---

Step2. 檢查并卸載MariaDB

yum list installed | grep mariadb ---- 查詢已安裝的mariadbyum -y remove mariadb* ----- 移除已安裝的mariadb [root@artisan ~]# yum list installed | grep mariadb mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.35-3.el7 @anaconda mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.64-1.el7 installed [root@artisan ~]# [root@artisan ~]# yum -y remove mariadb* ...... ...... ...... Complete! [root@artisan ~]# [root@artisan ~]#

重新查看，確保寫在完成

[root@artisan ~]# yum list installed | grep mariadb [root@artisan ~]#

---

Step3. 下載RPM

訪問： https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/repo/yum/

[root@artisan ~]# cd /usr/local/ [root@artisan local]# mkdir mysql [root@artisan local]# cd mysql [root@artisan mysql]# [root@artisan mysql]# wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm

如果想要確認下載的文件是否完整，可通過md5sum生成MD5值并確保同官方網站上的MD5值相同，以確保文件無損壞。

[root@artisan mysql]# md5sum mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm c070b754ce2de9f714ab4db4736c7e05 mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm [root@artisan mysql]#

---

Step4. 安裝rpm包 并確認yum源

[root@artisan mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm

[root@artisan mysql]# yum repolist enabled | grep "mysql.*-community.*"

查看 MySQL 版本

[root@artisan mysql]# yum repolist all | grep mysql

---

Step5. 安裝 MySQL

[root@artisan mysql]# yum install mysql-community-server

一路y即可 ,下載安裝，靜候…

---

Step6. 啟動 MySQL

[root@artisan mysql]# systemctl start mysqld [root@artisan mysql]#

查看進程

[root@artisan mysql]# ps -ef|grep mysqld |grep -v grep mysql 118107 1 0 23:46 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid [root@artisan mysql]#

https://blog.csdn.net/u011886447/article/details/79796802

---

Step7. 登錄MySQL

[root@artisan mysql]# mysql -u root ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO) [root@artisan mysql]#

剛安裝的 MySQL 是沒有密碼的,所以需要設置密碼

• ① 停止 MySQL 服務：systemctl stop mysqld

• ② 以不檢查權限的方式啟動 MySQL: mysqld --user=root --skip-grant-tables &

• ③ 再次輸入 mysql -u root 或者 mysql，這次就可以進來了。

• ④ 更新密碼：

MySQL 5.7 以下版本：UPDATE mysql.user SET Password=PASSWORD('artisan') where USER='root';MySQL 5.7 版本：UPDATE mysql.user SET authentication_string=PASSWORD('artisan') where USER='root';

• ⑤ 刷新：flush privileges;

⑥ 退出：exit;

設置完之后，輸入 mysql -u root -p，這時輸入剛設置的密碼，就可以登進數據庫了。

[root@artisan mysql]# mysql -u root -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 4 Server version: 5.7.29Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql> mysql> mysql> use mysql; ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement. mysql> mysql> use mysql; ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement. mysql> mysql> SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('artisan'); Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sys | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql>

---

Step8. 開啟遠程訪問

[root@artisan mysql]# mysql -u root -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 6 Server version: 5.7.29 MySQL Community Server (GPL)Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql> mysql> mysql> mysql> use mysql; Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -ADatabase changed mysql> update user set host = '%' where user = 'root'; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.29 sec) Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)mysql>

其他方式 參考 ：mysql開啟遠程訪問權限

mysql> insert into user (host, user, password) values('192.168.0.51','root',password('123'));

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'myuser'@'%'IDENTIFIED BY 'mypassword' WITH GRANT OPTION; grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'192.168.0.49'identified by '123' with grant option;

---

常見錯誤

[ERROR] --initialize specified but the data directory has files in it. Aborting.

[root@artisan mysql]# systemctl start mysqld Job for mysqld.service failed because the control process exited with error code. See "systemctl status mysqld.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details. [root@artisan mysql]# systemctl status mysqld.service ● mysqld.service - MySQL ServerLoaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)Active: deactivating (final-sigterm) (Result: exit-code)Docs: man:mysqld(8)http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.htmlProcess: 28796 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)Process: 28773 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service└─28799 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pidJan 27 08:55:43 artisan systemd[1]: mysqld.service holdoff time over, scheduling restart. Jan 27 08:55:43 artisan systemd[1]: Stopped MySQL Server. Jan 27 08:55:43 artisan systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server... Jan 27 08:55:43 artisan mysqld_pre_systemd[28773]: 2020-01-27T00:55:43.664988Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit... details). Jan 27 08:55:43 artisan mysqld_pre_systemd[28773]: 2020-01-27T00:55:43.685134Z 0 [ERROR] --initialize specified but the data directory has files in it. Aborting. Jan 27 08:55:43 artisan mysqld_pre_systemd[28773]: 2020-01-27T00:55:43.685213Z 0 [ERROR] Aborting Jan 27 08:55:44 artisan systemd[1]: mysqld.service: control process exited, code=exited status=1 Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full. [root@artisan mysql]# systemctl start firewalld [root@artisan mysql]# [root@artisan mysql]#

找下關鍵的信息： [ERROR] --initialize specified but the data directory has files in it. Aborting.

既然說了data directory不為空，那就去/etc/my.cnf 配置文件看下mysql的配置去吧

到這個datadir指定的目錄下去瞅瞅吧

確實不為空。 那按照信息提示，那就清空了再啟唄

結果驗證，清了也沒用，依然是這個錯，那就…

解決辦法

MySQL的官網上找找吧

https://bugs.mysql.com/bug.php?id=79442

那就關閉 SELinux 吧

CentOS7關閉SELinux吧

[root@artisan mysql]# getenforce Enforcing# 臨時變更 # 設置SELinux 成為permissive模式 # setenforce 1 設置SELinux 成為enforcing模式[root@artisan mysql]# setenforce 0 [root@artisan mysql]# getenforce Permissive [root@artisan mysql]#

永久改變

將SELINUX=enforcing改為SELINUX=disabled ，重啟生效

---

Initialization of mysqld failed: 0

查看下 mysql的日志 /var/log/mysqld.log

解決辦法

那就重新停一次吧

[root@artisan mysql]# ps aux|grep mysql mysql 117306 5.7 17.4 1122336 174664 ? Sl 23:33 0:01 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid root 117352 0.0 0.0 112716 960 pts/1 R+ 23:34 0:00 grep --color=auto mysql [root@artisan mysql]# systemctl stop mysqld [root@artisan mysql]# ps aux|grep mysql root 117379 0.0 0.0 112716 964 pts/1 S+ 23:34 0:00 grep --color=auto mysql

kill 不行，每次都會自動拉起。

然后重啟mysql

[root@artisan mysql]# systemctl start mysqld [root@artisan mysql]# [root@artisan mysql]# [root@artisan mysql]# [root@artisan mysql]# ps -ef|grep mysql mysql 117703 1 8 23:40 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid root 117739 74961 0 23:40 pts/1 00:00:00 grep --color=auto mysql

---

MySQL啟停

#啟動mysql [root@artisan mysql]systemctl start mysqld #停止mysqld [root@artisan mysql]systemctl stop mysqld #重啟mysqld [root@artisan mysql]systemctl restart mysqld #設置開機啟動 [root@artisan mysql]systemctl enable mysqld #查看 MySQL Server 狀態 [root@artisan mysql]systemctl status mysqld

---

防火墻的相關設置

生產環境一般我們都是不會關閉防火墻的，所以開放特定端口即可。

# 查看防火墻狀態[root@artisan mysql]# systemctl status firewalld ● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemonLoaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)Active: inactive (dead)# 打開防火墻 [root@artisan mysql]# systemctl start firewalld # 防火墻狀態[root@artisan mysql]# systemctl status firewalld ● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemonLoaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)Active: active (running) since Tue 2020-01-28 02:43:15 CST; 9s agoMain PID: 127040 (firewalld)CGroup: /system.slice/firewalld.service└─127040 /usr/bin/python -Es /usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopidJan 28 02:43:14 artisan systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon... Jan 28 02:43:15 artisan systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.# 開放 3306 端口 TCP UDP[root@artisan mysql]# firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp success [root@artisan mysql]# [root@artisan mysql]# firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-port=3306/udp success [root@artisan mysql]# [root@artisan mysql]# firewall-cmd --reload success [root@artisan mysql]# # CentOS 7，需要將 MySQL 服務加入防火墻，重啟防火墻[root@artisan mysql]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --permanent --add-service=mysql success [root@artisan mysql]# [root@artisan mysql]# systemctl restart firewalld [root@artisan mysql]#

---

搞定MySQL

總結

以上是生活随笔為你收集整理的MySQL-CentOS7通过YUM安装MySQL5.7.29的全部內容，希望文章能夠幫你解決所遇到的問題。

如果覺得生活随笔網站內容還不錯，歡迎將生活随笔推薦給好友。