我在兩個相同的希捷1GB硬盤上運行Fedora 19(內核3.11.3-201.fc19.x86_64),并安裝了軟件RAID-1(mdadm)：

# cat /proc/mdstat

Personalities : [raid1]

md1 : active raid1 sdb3[1] sda3[0]

973827010 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]

unused devices:

最近,在兩個驅動器之一上出現了一些錯誤：smartd檢測到“1個當前不可讀(待定)扇區”和“1個脫機不可糾正扇區”. RAID陣列“重新安排”了一些部門.然后大約一天后,內核產生了各種I / O消息/異常：

Oct 18 06:39:20 x smartd[461]: Device: /dev/sdb [SAT], 1 Currently unreadable (pending) sectors

Oct 18 06:39:20 x smartd[461]: Device: /dev/sdb [SAT], 1 Offline uncorrectable sectors

...

Oct 18 07:09:20 x smartd[461]: Device: /dev/sdb [SAT], 1 Currently unreadable (pending) sectors

Oct 18 07:09:20 x smartd[461]: Device: /dev/sdb [SAT], 1 Offline uncorrectable sectors

...

Oct 18 07:30:28 x kernel: [467502.192792] md/raid1:md1: sdb3: rescheduling sector 1849689328

Oct 18 07:30:28 x kernel: [467502.192822] md/raid1:md1: sdb3: rescheduling sector 1849689336

Oct 18 07:30:28 x kernel: [467502.192846] md/raid1:md1: sdb3: rescheduling sector 1849689344

Oct 18 07:30:28 x kernel: [467502.192870] md/raid1:md1: sdb3: rescheduling sector 1849689352

Oct 18 07:30:28 x kernel: [467502.192895] md/raid1:md1: sdb3: rescheduling sector 1849689360

Oct 18 07:30:28 x kernel: [467502.192919] md/raid1:md1: sdb3: rescheduling sector 1849689368

Oct 18 07:30:28 x kernel: [467502.192943] md/raid1:md1: sdb3: rescheduling sector 1849689376

Oct 18 07:30:28 x kernel: [467502.192966] md/raid1:md1: sdb3: rescheduling sector 1849689384

Oct 18 07:30:28 x kernel: [467502.192991] md/raid1:md1: sdb3: rescheduling sector 1849689392

Oct 18 07:30:28 x kernel: [467502.193035] md/raid1:md1: sdb3: rescheduling sector 1849689400

...

Oct 19 06:26:08 x kernel: [550035.944191] ata3.01: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x0 action 0x0

Oct 19 06:26:08 x kernel: [550035.944224] ata3.01: BMDMA stat 0x64

Oct 19 06:26:08 x kernel: [550035.944248] ata3.01: failed command: READ DMA EXT

Oct 19 06:26:08 x kernel: [550035.944274] ata3.01: cmd 25/00:08:15:fb:9c/00:00:6c:00:00/f0 tag 0 dma 4096 in

Oct 19 06:26:08 x kernel: [550035.944274] res 51/40:00:1c:fb:9c/40:00:6c:00:00/10 Emask 0x9 (media error)

Oct 19 06:26:08 x kernel: [550035.944322] ata3.01: status: { DRDY ERR }

Oct 19 06:26:08 x kernel: [550035.944340] ata3.01: error: { UNC }

Oct 19 06:26:08 x kernel: [550036.573438] ata3.00: configured for UDMA/133

Oct 19 06:26:08 x kernel: [550036.621444] ata3.01: configured for UDMA/133

Oct 19 06:26:08 x kernel: [550036.621507] sd 2:0:1:0: [sdb] Unhandled sense code

Oct 19 06:26:08 x kernel: [550036.621516] sd 2:0:1:0: [sdb]

Oct 19 06:26:08 x kernel: [550036.621523] Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE

Oct 19 06:26:08 x kernel: [550036.621530] sd 2:0:1:0: [sdb]

Oct 19 06:26:08 x kernel: [550036.621537] Sense Key : Medium Error [current] [descriptor]

Oct 19 06:26:08 x kernel: [550036.621555] Descriptor sense data with sense descriptors (in hex):

Oct 19 06:26:08 x kernel: [550036.621562] 72 03 11 04 00 00 00 0c 00 0a 80 00 00 00 00 00

Oct 19 06:26:08 x kernel: [550036.621606] 6c 9c fb 1c

Oct 19 06:26:08 x kernel: [550036.621626] sd 2:0:1:0: [sdb]

Oct 19 06:26:08 x kernel: [550036.621638] Add. Sense: Unrecovered read error - auto reallocate failed

Oct 19 06:26:08 x kernel: [550036.621646] sd 2:0:1:0: [sdb] CDB:

Oct 19 06:26:08 x kernel: [550036.621653] Read(10): 28 00 6c 9c fb 15 00 00 08 00

Oct 19 06:26:08 x kernel: [550036.621692] end_request: I/O error, dev sdb, sector 1822227228

Oct 19 06:26:08 x kernel: [550036.621719] raid1_end_read_request: 9 callbacks suppressed

Oct 19 06:26:08 x kernel: [550036.621727] md/raid1:md1: sdb3: rescheduling sector 1816361448

Oct 19 06:26:08 x kernel: [550036.621782] ata3: EH complete

Oct 19 06:26:08 x kernel: [550041.155637] ata3.01: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x0 action 0x0

Oct 19 06:26:08 x kernel: [550041.155669] ata3.01: BMDMA stat 0x64

Oct 19 06:26:08 x kernel: [550041.155694] ata3.01: failed command: READ DMA EXT

Oct 19 06:26:08 x kernel: [550041.155719] ata3.01: cmd 25/00:08:15:fb:9c/00:00:6c:00:00/f0 tag 0 dma 4096 in

Oct 19 06:26:08 x kernel: [550041.155719] res 51/40:00:1c:fb:9c/40:00:6c:00:00/10 Emask 0x9 (media error)

Oct 19 06:26:08 x kernel: [550041.155767] ata3.01: status: { DRDY ERR }

Oct 19 06:26:08 x kernel: [550041.155785] ata3.01: error: { UNC }

Oct 19 06:26:08 x kernel: [550041.343437] ata3.00: configured for UDMA/133

Oct 19 06:26:08 x kernel: [550041.391438] ata3.01: configured for UDMA/133

Oct 19 06:26:08 x kernel: [550041.391501] sd 2:0:1:0: [sdb] Unhandled sense code

Oct 19 06:26:08 x kernel: [550041.391510] sd 2:0:1:0: [sdb]

Oct 19 06:26:08 x kernel: [550041.391517] Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE

Oct 19 06:26:08 x kernel: [550041.391525] sd 2:0:1:0: [sdb]

Oct 19 06:26:08 x kernel: [550041.391532] Sense Key : Medium Error [current] [descriptor]

Oct 19 06:26:08 x kernel: [550041.391546] Descriptor sense data with sense descriptors (in hex):

Oct 19 06:26:08 x kernel: [550041.391553] 72 03 11 04 00 00 00 0c 00 0a 80 00 00 00 00 00

Oct 19 06:26:08 x kernel: [550041.391596] 6c 9c fb 1c

Oct 19 06:26:08 x kernel: [550041.391616] sd 2:0:1:0: [sdb]

Oct 19 06:26:08 x kernel: [550041.391624] Add. Sense: Unrecovered read error - auto reallocate failed

Oct 19 06:26:08 x kernel: [550041.391636] sd 2:0:1:0: [sdb] CDB:

Oct 19 06:26:08 x kernel: [550041.391643] Read(10): 28 00 6c 9c fb 15 00 00 08 00

Oct 19 06:26:08 x kernel: [550041.391681] end_request: I/O error, dev sdb, sector 1822227228

Oct 19 06:26:08 x kernel: [550041.391737] ata3: EH complete

Oct 19 06:26:08 x kernel: [550041.409686] md/raid1:md1: read error corrected (8 sectors at 1816363496 on sdb3)

Oct 19 06:26:08 x kernel: [550041.409705] handle_read_error: 9 callbacks suppressed

Oct 19 06:26:08 x kernel: [550041.409709] md/raid1:md1: redirecting sector 1816361448 to other mirror: sda3

計算機繼續將一些條目記錄到系統日志中,直到大約一個小時后,然后最終變得完全沒有響應. syslog中沒有記錄“內核oops”.必須重新啟動計算機,此時raid陣列處于重新同步狀態.重新同步后,一切都顯示良好,驅動器似乎正常工作.

我還注意到,所有重新安排的部門恰好分開了8個扇區,這對我來說似乎很奇怪.

最后,重啟后大約一兩天,但在raid重新同步完成后顯著,驅動器重置了不可讀(待定)和離線不可糾正的扇區計數,我認為這是正常的,因為驅動器使這些扇區脫機并重新映射它們：

Oct 20 01:05:42 x kernel: [ 2.186400] md: bind

Oct 20 01:05:42 x kernel: [ 2.204826] md: bind

Oct 20 01:05:42 x kernel: [ 2.209618] md: raid1 personality registered for level 1

Oct 20 01:05:42 x kernel: [ 2.210079] md/raid1:md1: not clean -- starting background reconstruction

Oct 20 01:05:42 x kernel: [ 2.210087] md/raid1:md1: active with 2 out of 2 mirrors

Oct 20 01:05:42 x kernel: [ 2.210122] md1: detected capacity change from 0 to 997198858240

Oct 20 01:05:42 x kernel: [ 2.210903] md: resync of RAID array md1

Oct 20 01:05:42 x kernel: [ 2.210911] md: minimum _guaranteed_ speed: 1000 KB/sec/disk.

Oct 20 01:05:42 x kernel: [ 2.210915] md: using maximum available idle IO bandwidth (but not more than 200000 KB/sec) for resync.

Oct 20 01:05:42 x kernel: [ 2.210920] md: using 128k window, over a total of 973827010k.

Oct 20 01:05:42 x kernel: [ 2.241676] md1: unknown partition table

...

Oct 20 06:33:10 x kernel: [19672.235467] md: md1: resync done.

...

Oct 21 05:35:50 x smartd[455]: Device: /dev/sdb [SAT], No more Currently unreadable (pending) sectors, warning condition reset after 1 email

Oct 21 05:35:50 x smartd[455]: Device: /dev/sdb [SAT], No more Offline uncorrectable sectors, warning condition reset after 1 email

smartctl -a / dev / sdb現在顯示

ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE

...

5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 096 096 036 Pre-fail Always - 195

...

197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0012 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0

198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0010 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 0

...

出現了一些問題：

1)為什么所有重新安排的部門都要分開8個？

2)為什么內核無響應并需要重啟？難道這不是RAID-1在沒有系統爆炸的情況下應該處理的情況嗎？

3)為什么raid重新同步完成后僅23小時才會重置不可讀和離線不可糾正的計數？

解決方法:

1) Why would all the rescheduled sectors be exactly 8 apart?

行業數量的這種差距是可以預期的,問題是這些差距會有多大(4k或更大). 8x 512字節是4k,這是大多數文件系統使用的扇區大小.因此文件系統可能要求從RAID讀取4k,RAID要求/ dev / sdb獲取該數據.該讀取的第一個扇區失敗(這是您在日志中看到的扇區號),RAID切換到/ dev / sda并從那里服務4k.然后文件系統請求讀取下一個4k,返回到/ dev / sdb,扇區號為8再次失敗,這也是你在日志中看到的…

2) Why would the kernel become unresponsive and require a reboot?

不應該正常發生.問題是重新分配的情況是你能得到的最貴的.每次失敗的讀取都必須重定向到另一個磁盤,必須在原始磁盤上重寫等.如果它同時填充您的日志文件,則會導致新的寫入請求,而這些請求又必須重新分配在這種情況下,將磁盤完全取出會更便宜.

這也是其他硬件(如SATA控制器)如何處理故障驅動器的問題.如果控制器本身出現打嗝,則會對性能產生更大的影響.

如果沒有日志條目,很難說出究竟發生了什么;這是Linux內核的一個弱點,沒有直接的解決方案可以在事情真正發生時保留最后的消息.

3) Why would the unreadable and offline uncorrectable counts reset only 23 hours after the raid resync was complete?

某些值僅在您執行脫機數據收集(UPDATED Offline列)時更新,這可能需要一些時間.如果磁盤設置為自動執行此操作,則它取決于磁盤,例如每四個小時一次.如果您不想依賴磁盤,則應使用smartmontools進行設置.

標簽：linux,fedora,software-raid,raid1

來源： https://codeday.me/bug/20190813/1649017.html

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