??本文簡要介紹Hive安裝過程中的常見問題：版本下載地址、版本依賴、依賴jar包。重要的是，記錄Hive的元數(shù)據(jù)庫手動初始化時報錯的解決方案并對其進行反思

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Hive的元數(shù)據(jù)庫手動初始化

當使用hive 2.x之前的版本時，也可以不做初始化，當 hive 進行第一次啟動時，會自動進行初始化，只是不會生成足夠多的元數(shù)據(jù)庫中的表，這些表需要在使用過程中慢慢生成。

如果使用的是Hive2.x版本，則Hive的元數(shù)據(jù)庫必須手動初始化。使用的命令和顯示界面如下：

在初始化元數(shù)據(jù)庫的過程中報錯

$cd /usr/local/java/hive/hive-2.1.0/bin # 進入hive安裝目錄 $./schematool -dbType mysql -initSchema # 對hive進行重新初始化

報錯信息如下：

hadoop@ubuntu16:/usr/local/java/hive-2.1.0/bin$ ./schematool -dbType mysql -initSchema SLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings. SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/usr/local/java/hive-2.1.0/lib/log4j-slf4j-impl-2.4.1.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class] SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/usr/local/java/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.1/share/hadoop/common/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.7.10.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class] SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#multiple_bindings for an explanation. SLF4J: Actual binding is of type [org.apache.logging.slf4j.Log4jLoggerFactory] Metastore connection URL: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db_hive?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true&serverTimezone=GMT Metastore Connection Driver : com.mysql.jdbc.Driver Metastore connection User: root Mon Nov 29 14:50:31 CST 2021 WARN: Establishing SSL connection without server's identity verification is not recommended. According to MySQL 5.5.45+, 5.6.26+ and 5.7.6+ requirements SSL connection must be established by default if explicit option isn't set. For compliance with existing applications not using SSL the verifyServerCertificate property is set to 'false'. You need either to explicitly disable SSL by setting useSSL=false, or set useSSL=true and provide truststore for server certificate verification. org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaException: Failed to get schema version. Underlying cause: com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4.CommunicationsException : Communications link failureThe last packet successfully received from the server was 625 milliseconds ago. The last packet sent successfully to the server was 611 milliseconds ago. SQL Error code: 0 Use --verbose for detailed stacktrace. *** schemaTool failed ***

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在啟動hive時報錯

hadoop@ubuntu16:/usr/local/java/hive-2.1.0/bin$ hive

報錯信息如下（僅截取部分報錯信息）：

hadoop@ubuntu16:/usr/local/java/hive-2.1.0/bin$ ./hive SLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings. SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/usr/local/java/hive-2.1.0/lib/log4j-slf4j-impl-2.4.1.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class] SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/usr/local/java/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.1/share/hadoop/common/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.7.10.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class] SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#multiple_bindings for an explanation. SLF4J: Actual binding is of type [org.apache.logging.slf4j.Log4jLoggerFactory]Logging initialized using configuration in jar:file:/usr/local/java/hive-2.1.0/lib/hive-common-2.1.0.jar!/hive-log4j2.properties Async: true Mon Nov 29 14:18:57 CST 2021 WARN: Establishing SSL connection without server's identity verification is not recommended. According to MySQL 5.5.45+, 5.6.26+ and 5.7.6+ requirements SSL connection must be established by default if explicit option isn't set. For compliance with existing applications not using SSL the verifyServerCertificate property is set to 'false'. You need either to explicitly disable SSL by setting useSSL=false, or set useSSL=true and provide truststore for server certificate verification. Mon Nov 29 14:18:57 CST 2021 WARN: Establishing SSL connection without server's identity verification is not recommended. According to MySQL 5.5.45+, 5.6.26+ and 5.7.6+ requirements SSL connection must be established by default if explicit option isn't set. For compliance with existing applications not using SSL the verifyServerCertificate property is set to 'false'. You need either to explicitly disable SSL by setting useSSL=false, or set useSSL=true and provide truststore for server certificate verification. Mon Nov 29 14:18:57 CST 2021 WARN: Establishing SSL connection without server's identity verification is not recommended. According to MySQL 5.5.45+, 5.6.26+ and 5.7.6+ requirements SSL connection must be established by default if explicit option isn't set. For compliance with existing applications not using SSL the verifyServerCertificate property is set to 'false'. You need either to explicitly disable SSL by setting useSSL=false, or set useSSL=true and provide truststore for server certificate verification. Mon Nov 29 14:18:57 CST 2021 WARN: Establishing SSL connection without server's identity verification is not recommended. According to MySQL 5.5.45+, 5.6.26+ and 5.7.6+ requirements SSL connection must be established by default if explicit option isn't set. For compliance with existing applications not using SSL the verifyServerCertificate property is set to 'false'. You need either to explicitly disable SSL by setting useSSL=false, or set useSSL=true and provide truststore for server certificate verification. Exception in thread "main" java.lang.RuntimeException: org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.HiveException: java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to instantiate org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.SessionHiveMetaStoreClientat org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.session.SessionState.start(SessionState.java:578)at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.session.SessionState.beginStart(SessionState.java:518)at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.run(CliDriver.java:705)at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.main(CliDriver.java:641)at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)

因為ubuntu的終端控制臺都是白色字體，而且輸出內(nèi)容很多，很難找到報錯信息，因此可以根據(jù)報錯信息選擇一種類型的文件，將報錯信息存至文件中。因為hadoop、hive基于java語言，所以.java為后綴名的文件可以看到字體高亮。

在初始化hive元數(shù)據(jù)庫時，出現(xiàn)hive的報錯信息*** schemaTool failed ***

源于上面其他的錯誤信息：org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaException: Failed to get schema version.Underlying cause: com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4.CommunicationsException : Communications link failure

將第一個報錯信息hive.metastore.HiveMetaException: Failed to get schema version.復制并在瀏覽器中搜索，尋找解決方法

解決方法：設置mysql時區(qū)，useSSL¹

<property><name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name><value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db_hive?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true&amp;serverTimezone=GMT&amp;useSSL=false</value><description>JDBC connect string for a JDBC metastore</description> </property>

反思

先判斷在初始報錯處，應從源頭解決問題

將報錯信息的關鍵部分復制下來，精確搜索

長時間未解決可尋求他人幫助

Hive安裝過程中的其他問題

hive下載地址
APACHE官網(wǎng): Index of /hive (apache.org)
推薦（版本較多）：華為云開源軟件鏡像網(wǎng)站-APACHE: Index of apache-local/hive (huaweicloud.com)

hadoop和hive版本對應關系
如：hive2.3.8 依賴于hadoop2.x.y，其他版本信息見：Downloads (apache.org)

News 17 January 2021: release 2.3.8 available This release works with Hadoop 2.x.y You can look at the complete JIRA change log for this release.

JDBC驅(qū)動下載 mysql-connector-java-x.y.z.jar

Download MySQL Connector/J (Archived Versions)

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錯誤：org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaException: Failed to get schema version_葉蕖的博客-CSDN博客 ??

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