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History of computer development, and future development areas

Firstly. the Introduction to Computer History

Computational tools used by human beings, with the development of production and social progress, from simple to complex, from lower to higher development, computational tools have emerged, such as abacus, slide rule, hand mechanical computers, electrical machinery and computer . In 1946, the world's first electronic digital computer (ENIAC) was born in the United States. This computer has more than 18,000 shared power in the tubes, an area of 170m2, the total weight of 30t, power 140kw, computing speed of the 5000 additions per second, 300 times multiplication.

In just 50 years after the tubes, transistors, integrated circuits (IC) and ultra large scale integration (VLSI) four stages of development, computer has become smaller and smaller, more powerful, more and more widely,and its price is also getting lower and lower, currently moving intelligence (fifth generation) computer direction.

1. The first generation of computer

The first generation of electricity in the computer is from 1946 to 1958. They are larger, lower operation speed, storage capacity is small and expensive. Not easy to use, in order to solve a problem, the complexity of programmed elusive. This generation is mainly used for scientific computing, scientific research only in the key sectors or departments.

2. Second-generation computer

Second-generation computer is from 1958 to 1965, they all use the transistor as an electronic device, the operation speed than the first generation of faster computers in recent times, the volume of several one-tenth of the original. In terms of software to start using computer algorithms language. This generation not only for scientific computing, but also for data processing and transaction processing and industrial control.

3. Third-generation computer

The third generation of computer is from 1965 to 1970. The main characteristics of this period is, the small-scale integrated circuits for electronic devices, and operating system appears to make more powerful computers, applications and more wide. They not only used for scientific computing, but also for word processing, business management, automatic control and other fields, there has been computer technology and communication technology combines information management system for production management, traffic management, information retrieval and other fields.

4. Fourth generation computer

Is the fourth generation of computers since 1970 using large scale integration (LSI) and ultra large scale integration (VLSI) electronic devices made of the main computer. For example, 80386 microprocessor, in an area of about 10mm X l0mm a single chip, can be integrated about 32 million transistors.

The fourth generation of computers is another important branch of a large-scale, VLSI-based microprocessors and develops miniature computer.

5. Fifth Generation Computer

Fifth generation computer will information collection, storage, processing, communications, and artificial intelligence combined with a form of reasoning, associative learning and interpretation skills. Its architecture will break the traditional von Neumann machine concept ? to achieve a high degree of parallel processing.

Secondly, the development direction of the computer

Future computers will be based on ultra large scale integrated circuits, the giant, miniaturization, networked and intelligent direction.

1. Giant of

Giant of the computer's processing speed is higher, greater storage capacity, more powerful. Supercomputer is currently being developed by the operation speed of up to tens of billions of times per second.

2. Miniaturization

Micro-computer has access to instruments, meters, household appliances and other equipment in small, but also as an industrial control process of the heart, so that equipment to achieve "intelligent." With the further development of microelectronics technology, notebook, handheld and other micro-computer in order to better cost performance will be popular.

3. Network

With the depth of computer applications, in particular increasing popularity of home computers, one hope that many users to share information resources, it also hoped to transmit information between computers can communicate with each other.

Computer networks of modern communications technology and the result of combining computer technology. Computer networks in the modern enterprise management has been playing an increasingly important role, such as banking systems, business systems, transportation systems.

4. Intelligent

Artificial intelligence research is based on modern scientific basis. Intelligence is an important direction of computer development, a new generation of computers will be able to simulate the feeling of human behavior and thought process of the mechanism, to "see", "Listen," "said" "wish," "do" with the logic reasoning, learning and proven ability.

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