有人說最好的密碼就是你不用記憶的。auth_socket 插件和 MariaDB 的 unix_socket 讓這種想法在 MySQL 上變成可能。

這兩個插件雖然不是新發布，但在 MariaDB 10.4 上 unix_socket 已經默認安裝，并且是身份驗證方法之一。

插件的安裝和使用

如上所述，這不是新功能，即使使用 Debian 團隊維護的 .deb 安裝包安裝 MySQL，也會創建 root 用戶，以便使用套接字身份驗證，對于 MySQL 和 MariaDB 都是如此：

root@app:~# apt-cache show mysql-server-5.7 | grep -i maintainers

Original-Maintainer: Debian MySQL Maintainers

Original-Maintainer: Debian MySQL Maintainers <pkg-mysql-maint@lists.alioth.debian.org>

安裝后，root 用戶驗證過程如下：

root@app:~# whoami

root

root@app:~# mysql

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 4

Server version: 5.7.27-0ubuntu0.16.04.1 (Ubuntu)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> select user, host, plugin, authentication_string from mysql.user where user = 'root';

+------+-----------+-------------+-----------------------+

| user | host | plugin | authentication_string |

+------+-----------+-------------+-----------------------+

| root | localhost | auth_socket | |

+------+-----------+-------------+-----------------------+

1 row in set (0.01 sec)

與 MariaDB 相同：

10.0.38-MariaDB-0ubuntu0.16.04.1 Ubuntu 16.04

MariaDB [(none)]> show grants;

+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

| Grants for root@localhost |

+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

| GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED VIA unix_socket WITH GRANT OPTION |

| GRANT PROXY ON ''@'%' TO 'root'@'localhost' WITH GRANT OPTION |

+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

對于 Percona Server，來自官方 Percona Repo 的 .deb 軟件包還將 root 用戶身份驗證設置為 auth_socket。這是適用于 MySQL 8.0.16-7 和 Ubuntu 16.04 的 Percona Server 的示例：

root@app:~# whoami

root

root@app:~# mysql

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 9

Server version: 8.0.16-7 Percona Server (GPL), Release '7', Revision '613e312'

Copyright (c) 2009-2019 Percona LLC and/or its affiliates

Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> select user, host, plugin, authentication_string from mysql.user where user ='root';

+------+-----------+-------------+-----------------------+

| user | host | plugin | authentication_string |

+------+-----------+-------------+-----------------------+

| root | localhost | auth_socket | |

+------+-----------+-------------+-----------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

那么，為何如此神奇？該插件使用 SO_PEERCRED 套接字選項，來檢查 Linux 用戶是否于 MySQL 用戶匹配，以獲取有關運行客戶端程序的用戶信息。因此該插件只能在支持 SO_PEERCRED 選項的系統上使用，例如： Linux。 SO_PEERCRED 套接字選項允許檢索連接到套接字的進程 uid。然后，他可以獲取與 uid 關聯的用戶名。

vagrant@mysql1:~$ whoami

vagrant

vagrant@mysql1:~$ mysql

ERROR 1698 (28000): Access denied for user 'vagrant'@'localhost'

由于 MySQL 不存在 'vagrant' 用戶，因此訪問被拒絕。讓我們創建用戶再次嘗試：

MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'vagrant'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED VIA unix_socket;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

vagrant@mysql1:~$ mysql

Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MariaDB connection id is 45

Server version: 10.0.38-MariaDB-0ubuntu0.16.04.1 Ubuntu 16.04

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]> show grants;

+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

| Grants for vagrant@localhost |

+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

| GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'vagrant'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED VIA unix_socket |

+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

成功！！

現在，讓我們在 CentOS 7 上安裝的 Percona Server 版本 MySQL 8 上再試一試：

mysql> show variables like '%version%comment';

+-----------------+---------------------------------------------------+

| Variable_name | Value |

+-----------------+---------------------------------------------------+

| version_comment | Percona Server (GPL), Release 7, Revision 613e312 |

+-----------------+---------------------------------------------------+

1 row in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> CREATE USER 'percona'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH auth_socket;

ERROR 1524 (HY000): Plugin 'auth_socket' is not loaded

失敗了，原因是插件未加載：

mysql> pager grep socket

PAGER set to 'grep socket'

mysql> show plugins;

47 rows in set (0.00 sec)

讓我們在運行時添加插件：

mysql> nopager

PAGER set to stdout

mysql> INSTALL PLUGIN auth_socket SONAME 'auth_socket.so';

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> pager grep socket; show plugins;

PAGER set to 'grep socket'

| auth_socket | ACTIVE | AUTHENTICATION | auth_socket.so | GPL |

48 rows in set (0.00 sec)

現在我們有了所需的一切。讓我們再試一次：

mysql> CREATE USER 'percona'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH auth_socket;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'percona'@'localhost';

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

現在我們可以以操作系統用戶 "percona" 的身份登錄。

[percona@ip-192-168-1-111 ~]$ whoami

percona

[percona@ip-192-168-1-111 ~]$ mysql -upercona

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 19

Server version: 8.0.16-7 Percona Server (GPL), Release 7, Revision 613e312

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> select user, host, plugin, authentication_string from mysql.user where user ='percona';

+---------+-----------+-------------+-----------------------+

| user | host | plugin | authentication_string |

+---------+-----------+-------------+-----------------------+

| percona | localhost | auth_socket | |

+---------+-----------+-------------+-----------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

再次成功！

問題：我可以嘗試以其他的系統用戶的身份使用 percona 登錄嗎？

[percona@ip-192-168-1-111 ~]$ logout

[root@ip-192-168-1-111 ~]# mysql -upercona

ERROR 1698 (28000): Access denied for user 'percona'@'localhost'

不，你不能！

結論

MySQL 在多個方面都足夠靈活，其中之一就是身份驗證方法。正如我們在這篇文章中所看到的，依靠系統用戶可以在沒有密碼的情況下進行訪問。這在幾種情況下很有用，但僅提及一種情況：從 RDS / Aurora 遷移到常規 MySQL 并使用 IAM 數據庫身份驗證保持訪問而無需使用密碼。

總結

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